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Zhou M, Hu H, Wang J, Wang X, Tian Z, Deng W, Wu C, Zhu L, Lu Q, Feng Y. Effects of nitric acid rain stress on soil nitrogen fractions and fungal communities in a northern subtropical forest, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158904. [PMID: 36261955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain has severely negatively impacted terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. However, the potential impacts of nitric acid rain (NAR) on soil nitrogen (N) fractions and fungal community diversity in northern subtropical forest soils remain largely unevaluated. In this study, treatments of NAR at pH = 4.5 (AR4.5), pH = 3.5 (AR3.5), and pH = 2.5 (AR2.5) were randomly sprayed in a typical Quercus acutissima Carruth. stand in northern subtropical China. The soil N fractions and soil fungal communities were analyzed after a 12-month experimental period. The results revealed that compared to the control, the soil total N (TN), microbial biomass N (MBN), hydrolysable ammonium N (HAN), amino-sugar N (ASN) and amino-acid N (AAN) contents decreased significantly by 19.61-13.07 %, 20.10-9.04 %, 60.41-28.87 %, 74.10-62.25 %, and 65.69-45.64 % under stronger acidity inputs (i.e., AR2.5 and AR3.5), respectively. Besides, the AR2.5 and AR3.5 treatments increased the α-diversity indices of soil fungal communities and altered the soil fungal community structure. Moreover, the NAR treatments represented an increase in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota and a decrease in that of Basidiomycota. Mortierella, Penicillium, and Tomentella can be used as indicator genera for changes in soil fungal community structures under NAR stress. Furthermore, AAN was the main environmental factor affecting soil fungal community at the phylum and genus levels. Cumulatively, findings from this research provide valuable insight into NAR's effects on N cycling and microbial communities in forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Ziwei Tian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Wenbing Deng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Chaoming Wu
- Wuxi branch, Bureau of investigation on hydrologic water resources, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Wuxi branch, Bureau of investigation on hydrologic water resources, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214100, China
| | - Qianwen Lu
- University of Connecticut, Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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Soil Enzyme Activity Regulates the Response of Soil C Fluxes to N Fertilization in a Temperate Cultivated Grassland. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous nitrogen (N) inputs greatly change the emission and uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from temperate grassland soils, thereby affecting the carbon (C) budget of regional terrestrial ecosystems. Relevant research focused on natural grassland, but the effects of N fertilization on C exchange fluxes from different forage soils and the driving mechanisms were poorly understood. Here, a three-year N addition experiment was conducted on cultivated grassland planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis) in Inner Mongolia. The fluxes of soil-atmospheric CO2 and CH4; the content of the total dissolved N (TDN); the dissolved organic N (DON); the dissolved organic C (DOC); NH4+–N and NO3−–N in soil; enzyme activity; and auxiliary variables (soil temperature and moisture) were simultaneously measured. The results showed that N fertilization (>75 kg N ha−1 year−1) caused more serious soil acidification for alfalfa planting than for brome planting. N fertilization stimulated P-acquiring hydrolase (AP) in soil for growing Bromus inermis but did not affect C- and N-acquiring hydrolases (AG, BG, CBH, BX, LAP, and NAG). The oxidase activities (PHO and PER) of soil for planting Bromus inermis were higher than soil for planting Medicago sativa, regardless of N, whether fertilization was applied or not. Forage species and N fertilization did not affect soil CO2 flux, whereas a high rate of N fertilization (150 kg N ha−1 year−1) significantly inhibited CH4 uptake in soil for planting Medicago sativa. A synergistic effect between CO2 emission and CH4 uptake in soil was found over the short term. Our findings highlight that forage species affect soil enzyme activity in response to N fertilization. Soil enzyme activity may be an important regulatory factor for C exchange from temperate artificial grassland soil in response to N fertilization.
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Ding S, Li C, Ding X, Li G, Ban G, Xia Z, Zhao X, Lin Q, Wang X. An exploration of manure derived N in soils using 15N after the application of biochar, straw and a mix of both. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150239. [PMID: 34798750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is common practice to apply manure onto soil as an effective way to increase soil fertility. However, the impact of different carbon sources on the transformation and fate of manure derived nitrogen (N) remains poorly understood. This study investigated the mineralization and immobilization turnover (MIT) of various manure-N fractions using sequential extractions and 15N tracing techniques combined after soil amendment with biochar, straw and mixtures thereof. Soil N was fractionated into mineral nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), hot water extractable organic nitrogen (HWDON), hydrochloric acid extractable organic nitrogen (HCl-N), and residual nitrogen (RN). Results showed that biochar addition increased the 15NH4+ content by 45% during the early stage. However, the high pH and labile C absence of biochar inhibited the remineralization of microbial immobilization N during the mid-to-late stage. Straw addition enhanced 15NH4+ assimilation by 10% to form HCl-15N. After that, microbial cellular structures and secondary metabolites were remineralized to meet crop N requirements. Adding carbon source mixtures with the organic fertilizer manifested the relationship between biochar and straw. The labile C content of the carbon sources rather than the C/N ratio was the critical factor regulating the N-MIT process. Overall, these findings offer new insights into the N transformation approaches using the co-application technique of organic amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ding
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Caibin Li
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou 551700, PR China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guitong Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guojun Ban
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou 551700, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Xia
- Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou 551700, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Zhao
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qimei Lin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zhang M, Chai L, Huang M, Jia W, Guo J, Huang Y. Deciphering the archaeal communities in tree rhizosphere of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32738877 PMCID: PMC7395985 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau represents one of the most important component of the terrestrial ecosystem and a particularly vulnerable region, which harbouring complex and diverse microbiota. The knowledge about their underground microorganisms have largely been studied, but the characteristics of rhizosphere microbiota, particularly archaeal communities remains unclear. RESULTS High-throughput Illumina sequencing was used to investigate the rhizosphere archaeal communities of two native alpine trees (Picea crassifolia and Populus szechuanica) living on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The archaeal community structure in rhizospheres significantly differed from that in bulk soil. Thaumarchaeota was the dominant archaeal phylum in all soils tested (92.46-98.01%), while its relative abundance in rhizospheres were significantly higher than that in bulk soil. Ammonium nitrogen, soil organic matter, available phosphorus and pH were significantly correlated with the archaeal community structure, and the deterministic processes dominated the assembly of archaeal communities across all soils. In addition, the network structures of the archaeal community in the rhizosphere were less complex than they were in the bulk soil, and an unclassified archaeal group (Unclassified_k_norank) was identified as the keystone species in all archaeal networks. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the structure, assembly and co-occurrence patterns of archaeal communities are significantly affected by the presence of roots of alpine trees living on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This study provides new insights into our understanding of archaeal communities in vulnerable ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China, 10087
| | - Liwei Chai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China, 10087
| | - Muke Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China, 10087
| | - Weiqian Jia
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China, 10087
| | - Jiabao Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China, 10087
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China, 10087.
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Chua M, Erickson TE, Merritt DJ, Chilton AM, Ooi MKJ, Muñoz‐Rojas M. Bio‐priming seeds with cyanobacteria: effects on native plant growth and soil properties. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Chua
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - David J. Merritt
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - Angela M. Chilton
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mark K. J. Ooi
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Nitrogen addition pulse has minimal effect in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities on the Pinedale Anticline, Wyoming (USA). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206563. [PMID: 31150398 PMCID: PMC6544214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen additions are known to elicit variable responses in semi-arid ecosystems, with responses increasing with precipitation. The response of semi-arid ecosystems to nitrogen are important to understand due to their large spatial extent worldwide and the global trend of increasingly available nitrogen. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a single nitrogen addition pulse on a semi-arid big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystem in western Wyoming. This is important given that sagebrush ecosystems are poorly understood, despite their prevalence in the western US. In addition, large-scale nitrogen additions have begun on sagebrush landscapes in Wyoming in order to mitigate population declines in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). The study objectives were (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of a nitrogen fertilization pulse in increasing sagebrush biomass and forage quality, and (2) to assess effects of nitrogen addition on soil biogeochemistry and vegetation community structure. We fertilized 15 plots across 5 locations in western Wyoming using a single pulse of urea (5.5g N m-2). In addition, we immobilized available nitrogen through surface hay treatments (250g hay/m2). Nitrogen additions failed to increase growth of sagebrush, alter nitrogen content of sagebrush leaders, or alter greenhouse gas efflux from soils. The plant community also remained unchanged; total cover, species richness, and community composition were all unaffected by our treatment application. Over the two years of this study, we did not find indications of nitrogen limitation of ecosystem processes, despite a wet growing season in 2014. Thus, we have found a general lack of response to nitrogen in sagebrush ecosystems and no treatment effect of a single pulse of N to sagebrush biomass or forage quality.
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Hill PW, Jones DL. Plant-microbe competition: does injection of isotopes of C and N into the rhizosphere effectively characterise plant use of soil N? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:796-806. [PMID: 30196574 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable attention over the last 25 yr, the importance of early protein breakdown products to plant nitrogen (N) nutrition remains uncertain. We used rhizosphere injection of 15 N-, 13 C- and 14 C-labelled inorganic N and amino acid (l-alanine), with chase periods from 1 min to 24 h, to investigate the duration of competition for amino acid between roots (Triticum aestivum) and soil microorganisms. We further investigated how microbial modification of l-alanine influenced plant carbon (C) and N recovery. From recovery of C isotopes, intact alanine uptake was 0.2-1.3% of added. Soil microbes appeared to remove alanine from soil solution within 1 min and release enough NH4+ to account for all plant 15 N recovery (over 24 h) within 5 min. Microbially generated inorganic or keto acid C accounted for < 25% of the lowest estimate of intact alanine uptake. Co-location of C and N labels appears a reasonable measure of intact uptake. Potential interference from microbially modified C is probably modest, but may increase with chase period. Similarly, competition for l-alanine is complete within a few minutes in soil, whereas NO3- added at the same rate is available for > 24 h, indicating that long chase periods bias outcomes and fail to accurately simulate soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Hill
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
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Kneller T, Harris RJ, Bateman A, Muñoz-Rojas M. Native-plant amendments and topsoil addition enhance soil function in post-mining arid grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:744-752. [PMID: 29197793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most critical challenges faced in restoration of disturbed arid lands is the limited availability of topsoil. In post-mining restoration, alternative soil substrates such as mine waste could be an adequate growth media to alleviate the topsoil deficit, but these materials often lack appropriate soil characteristics to support the development and survival of seedlings. Thus, addition of exogenous organic matter may be essential to enhance plant survival and soil function. Here, we present a case study in the arid Pilbara region (north-west Western Australia), a resource-rich area subject to intensive mining activities. The main objective of our study was to assess the effects of different restoration techniques such as soil reconstruction by blending available soil materials, sowing different compositions of plant species, and addition of a locally abundant native soil organic amendment (Triodia pungens biomass) on: (i) seedling recruitment and growth of Triodia wiseana, a dominant grass in Australian arid ecosystems, and (ii) soil chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of reconstructed soils, including microbial activity, total organic C, total N, and C and N mineralisation. The study was conducted in a 12-month multifactorial microcosms setting in a controlled environment. Our results showed that the amendment increased C and N contents of re-made soils, but these values were still lower than those obtained in the topsoil. High microbial activity and C mineralisation rates were found in the amended waste that contrasted the low N mineralisation but this did not translate into improved emergence or survival of T. wiseana. These results suggest a short- or medium-term soil N immobilisation caused by negative priming effect of fresh un-composted amendment on microbial communities. We found similar growth and survival rates of T. wiseana in topsoil and a blend of topsoil and waste (50:50) which highlights the importance of topsoil, even in a reduced amount, for plant establishment in arid land restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Kneller
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Kings Park 6005, WA, Australia; Curtin University, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Richard J Harris
- Curtin University, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Amber Bateman
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Kings Park 6005, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Miriam Muñoz-Rojas
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Kings Park 6005, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, School of Biological Sciences, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia; University of New South Wales, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Randwick 2052, NSW, Australia.
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Nitrogen acquisition by plants and microorganisms in a temperate grassland. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22642. [PMID: 26961252 PMCID: PMC4785369 DOI: 10.1038/srep22642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) limitation is common in most terrestrial ecosystems, often leading to strong competition between microorganisms and plants. The mechanisms of niche differentiation to reduce this competition remain unclear. Short-term 15N experiments with NH4+, NO3−, and glycine were conducted in July, August and September in a temperate grassland to evaluate the chemical, spatial and temporal niche differentiation by competition between plants and microorganisms for N. Microorganisms preferred NH4+ and NO3−, while plants preferred NO3−. Both plants and microorganisms acquired more N in August and September than in July. The soil depth had no significant effects on microbial uptake, but significantly affected plant N uptake. Plants acquired 67% of their N from the 0–5 cm soil layer and 33% from the 5–15 cm layer. The amount of N taken up by microorganisms was at least seven times than plants. Although microorganisms efficiently compete for N with plants, the competition is alleviated through chemical partitioning mainly in deeper soil layer. In the upper soil layer, neither chemical nor temporal niche separation is realized leading to strong competition between plants and microorganisms that modifies N dynamics in grasslands.
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