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Hu Y, Chen J, Olesen JE, van Groenigen KJ, Hui D, He X, Chen G, Deng Q. Mycorrhizal association controls soil carbon-degrading enzyme activities and soil carbon dynamics under nitrogen addition: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:175008. [PMID: 39053526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that changes in carbon-degrading extracellular enzyme activities (C-EEAs) can help explain soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under nitrogen (N) addition. However, the factors controlling C-EEAs remain unclear, impeding the inclusion of microbial mechanisms in global C cycle models. Using meta-analysis, we show that the responses of C-EEAs to N addition were best explained by mycorrhizal association across a wide range of environmental and experimental factors. In ectomycorrhizal (ECM) dominated ecosystems, N addition suppressed C-EEAs targeting the decomposition of structurally complex macromolecules by 13.1 %, and increased SOC stocks by 5.2 %. In contrast, N addition did not affect C-EEAs and SOC stocks in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) dominated ecosystems. Our results indicate that earlier studies may have overestimated SOC changes under N addition in AM-dominated ecosystems and underestimated SOC changes in ECM-dominated ecosystems. Incorporating this mycorrhizal-dependent impact of EEAs on SOC dynamics into Earth system models could improve predictions of SOC dynamics under environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 710001 Xi'an, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Department of Earth & Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China.
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Kees Jan van Groenigen
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Xinhua He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Guoyin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China.
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2
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F K, L B, M EM, M R B, N F, R B, F B, A DS, C D, M N F, G G, M J G, M L, A L, W L M, A N, A S, G S, E I V, K V, L V, B Z, L A, D D, M B. "Ectomycorrhizal exploration type" could be a functional trait explaining the spatial distribution of tree symbiotic fungi as a function of forest humus forms. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:203-216. [PMID: 38700516 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In European forests, most tree species form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The EM fungi are classified into different morphological types based on the development and structure of their extraradical mycelium. These structures could be root extensions that help trees to acquire nutrients. However, the relationship between these morphological traits and functions involved in soil nutrient foraging is still under debate.We described the composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities under 23 tree species in a wide range of climates and humus forms in Europe and investigated the exploratory types of EM fungi. We assessed the response of this tree extended phenotype to humus forms, as an indicator of the functioning and quality of forest soils. We found a significant relationship between the relative proportion of the two broad categories of EM exploration types (short- or long-distance) and the humus form, showing a greater proportion of long-distance types in the least dynamic soils. As past land-use and host tree species are significant factors structuring fungal communities, we showed this relationship was modulated by host trait (gymnosperms versus angiosperms), soil depth and past land use (farmland or forest).We propose that this potential functional trait of EM fungi be used in future studies to improve predictive models of forest soil functioning and tree adaptation to environmental nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalfallah F
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, F-54000, France
- INRAE, BEF, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Bon L
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
| | - El Mazlouzi M
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
- IEES, Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Créteil, 94010, 94010, France
| | - Bakker M R
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
| | - Fanin N
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
| | - Bellanger R
- INRAE, Site de la Villa Thuret, Antibes, 1353 UEVT, 06600, France
| | - Bernier F
- INRAE, Domaine de l'Hermitage, Cestas Pierroton, 0570 UEFP, 33610, France
| | - De Schrijver A
- Departement Biowetenschappen en Industriële Technologie, AgroFoodNature HOGENT, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - Ducatillon C
- INRAE, Site de la Villa Thuret, Antibes, 1353 UEVT, 06600, France
| | - Fotelli M N
- Forest Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Vassilika, Thessaloniki, 57006, Greece
| | - Gateble G
- INRAE, Site de la Villa Thuret, Antibes, 1353 UEVT, 06600, France
| | - Gundale M J
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901-83, Sweden
| | - Larsson M
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901-83, Sweden
| | - Legout A
- INRAE, BEF, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Mason W L
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Nordin A
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901-83, Sweden
| | - Smolander A
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Spyroglou G
- Forest Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra, Vassilika, Thessaloniki, 57006, Greece
| | - Vanguelova E I
- Forest Research, Alice Holt, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Verheyen K
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - Vesterdal L
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Zeller B
- INRAE, BEF, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Augusto L
- INRAE, ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France.
| | | | - Buée M
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, F-54000, France.
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3
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Jörgensen K, Clemmensen KE, Wallander H, Lindahl BD. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are more sensitive to high soil nitrogen levels in forests exposed to nitrogen deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1725-1738. [PMID: 38213001 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for nitrogen (N) cycling in many temperate forests and responsive to anthropogenic N addition, which generally decreases host carbon (C) allocation to the fungi. In the boreal region, however, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass has been found to correlate positively with soil N availability. Still, responses to anthropogenic N input, for instance through atmospheric deposition, are commonly negative. To elucidate whether variation in N supply affects ectomycorrhizal fungi differently depending on geographical context, we investigated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities along fertility gradients located in two nemo-boreal forest regions with similar ranges in soil N : C ratios and inorganic N availability but contrasting rates of N deposition. Ectomycorrhizal biomass and community composition remained relatively stable across the N gradient with low atmospheric N deposition, but biomass decreased and the community changed more drastically with increasing N availability in the gradient subjected to higher rates of N deposition. Moreover, potential activities of enzymes involved in ectomycorrhizal mobilisation of organic N decreased as N availability increased. In forests with low external input, we propose that stabilising feedbacks in tree-fungal interactions maintain ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass and communities even in N-rich soils. By contrast, anthropogenic N input seems to impair ectomycorrhizal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jörgensen
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karina E Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 26, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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McPeek MA, Hicks Pries C. The complex circuitry of interactions determining coexistence among plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Ecology 2024; 105:e4281. [PMID: 38507266 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We present a mechanistic model of coexistence among a mycorrhizal fungus and one or two plant species that compete for a single nutrient. Plant-fungal coexistence is more likely if the fungus is better at extracting the environmental nutrient than the plant and the fungus acquires carbon from the plant above a minimum rate. When they coexist, their interaction can shift from mutualistic to parasitic at high nutrient availability. The fungus is a second nutrient source for plants and can promote the coexistence of two plant competitors if one is better at environmental nutrient extraction and the other is better at acquiring the nutrient from the fungus. Because it extracts carbon from both plants, the fungus also serves as a conduit of apparent competition between the plants. Consequently, the plant with the lower environmental nutrient extraction rate can drive the plant with the higher environmental nutrient extraction rate extinct at high carbon supply rates. This model illustrates mechanisms to explain several observed patterns, including shifts in plant-mycorrhizal growth responses and coexistence along nutrient gradients, equivocal results among experiments testing the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on plant diversity, and differences in plant diversity among ecosystems dominated by different mycorrhizal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Caitlin Hicks Pries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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5
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Bogar LM. Modified source-sink dynamics govern resource exchange in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1523-1528. [PMID: 37691279 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between roots and fungi is founded on the movement of carbon from plants to fungi, and of soil resources from fungi to plants. Framing this movement as a trade can facilitate an understanding of how this mutualism has developed over evolutionary time, but fails to explain experimental observations of carbon and nutrient movement. Here, I propose that source-sink dynamics are an essential basic model to explain the movement of plant and fungal resources, which may be modified by plant immune response, variability in fungal molecular repertoires, and competition in the soil. Source-sink dynamics provide testable hypotheses to illuminate mechanisms of ectomycorrhizal resource movement and its consequences for mutualism stability and forest function under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bogar
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, 605 Hutchison Dr., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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6
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Schaffer‐Morrison SAZ, Zak DR. Mycorrhizal fungal and tree root functional traits: Strategies for integration and future directions. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald R. Zak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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7
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Watershed-scale Variation in Potential Fungal Community Contributions to Ectomycorrhizal Biogeochemical Syndromes. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Wang X, Han Q. A Closer Examination of the 'Abundant-Center' for Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Associated With Picea crassifolia in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:759801. [PMID: 35283884 PMCID: PMC8908202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.759801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis in biogeography predicts that a species' abundance is highest at the center of its geographical range and decreases toward its edges. In this study, we test the abundant-center hypothesis of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated with Picea crassifolia, an endemic species widely distributed in northwest China. We analyzed the taxonomic richness and the relative abundance of ECM fungi in four main distribution areas, from center to edges. In total, 234 species of ECM fungi were detected, and of these, 137 species were shared among all four sites. Inocybe, Sebacina, Tomentella, and Cortinarius were the dominant genera. ECM fungal richness and biodiversity were highest at the central and lower at peripheral sites. Our results indicated that ECM fungal species richness was consistent with the abundant-center hypothesis, while the relative abundances of individual fungal genera shifted inconsistently across the plant's range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
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9
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Pellitier PT, Zak DR. Ectomycorrhizal fungal decay traits along a soil nitrogen gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2152-2164. [PMID: 34533216 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi decay soil organic matter (SOM) has implications for accurately predicting forest ecosystem response to climate change. Investigating the distribution of gene traits associated with SOM decay among ectomycorrhizal fungal communities could improve understanding of SOM dynamics and plant nutrition. We hypothesized that soil inorganic nitrogen (N) availability structures the distribution of ECM fungal genes associated with SOM decay and, specifically, that ECM fungal communities occurring in inorganic N-poor soils have greater SOM decay potential. To test this hypothesis, we paired amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 60 ECM fungal communities associating with Quercus rubra along a natural soil inorganic N gradient. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities occurring in low inorganic N soils were enriched in gene families involved in the decay of lignin, cellulose, and chitin. Ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition was the strongest driver of shifts in metagenomic estimates of fungal decay potential. Our study simultaneously illuminates the identity of key ECM fungal taxa and gene families potentially involved in the decay of SOM, and we link rhizomorphic and medium-distance hyphal morphologies with enhanced SOM decay potential. Coupled shifts in ECM fungal community composition and community-level decay gene frequencies are consistent with outcomes of trait-mediated community assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Pellitier
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Donald R Zak
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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10
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Argiroff WA, Zak DR, Pellitier PT, Upchurch RA, Belke JP. Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:391-404. [PMID: 34787356 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between soil nitrogen (N) availability, fungal community composition, and soil organic matter (SOM) regulate soil carbon (C) dynamics in many forest ecosystems, but context dependency in these relationships has precluded general predictive theory. We found that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi with peroxidases decreased with increasing inorganic N availability across a natural inorganic N gradient in northern temperate forests, whereas ligninolytic fungal saprotrophs exhibited no response. Lignin-derived SOM and soil C were negatively correlated with ECM fungi with peroxidases and were positively correlated with inorganic N availability, suggesting decay of lignin-derived SOM by these ECM fungi reduced soil C storage. The correlations we observed link SOM decay in temperate forests to tradeoffs in tree N nutrition and ECM composition, and we propose SOM varies along a single continuum across temperate and boreal ecosystems depending upon how tree allocation to functionally distinct ECM taxa and environmental stress covary with soil N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Argiroff
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Donald R Zak
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter T Pellitier
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rima A Upchurch
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julia P Belke
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Pellitier PT, Ibáñez I, Zak DR, Argiroff WA, Acharya K. Ectomycorrhizal access to organic nitrogen mediates CO 2 fertilization response in a dominant temperate tree. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5403. [PMID: 34518539 PMCID: PMC8438073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant–mycorrhizal interactions mediate plant nitrogen (N) limitation and can inform model projections of the duration and strength of the effect of increasing CO2 on plant growth. We present dendrochronological evidence of a positive, but context-dependent fertilization response of Quercus rubra L. to increasing ambient CO2 (iCO2) along a natural soil nutrient gradient in a mature temperate forest. We investigated this heterogeneous response by linking metagenomic measurements of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal N-foraging traits and dendrochronological models of plant uptake of inorganic N and N bound in soil organic matter (N-SOM). N-SOM putatively enhanced tree growth under conditions of low inorganic N availability, soil conditions where ECM fungal communities possessed greater genomic potential to decay SOM and obtain N-SOM. These trees were fertilized by 38 years of iCO2. In contrast, trees occupying inorganic N rich soils hosted ECM fungal communities with reduced SOM decay capacity and exhibited neutral growth responses to iCO2. This study elucidates how the distribution of N-foraging traits among ECM fungal communities govern tree access to N-SOM and subsequent growth responses to iCO2. Root-mycorrhizal interactions could help explain the heterogeneity of plant responses to CO2 fertilisation and nutrient availability. Here the authors combine tree-ring and metagenomic data to reveal that tree growth responses to increasing CO2 along a soil nutrient gradient depend on the nitrogen foraging traits of ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Pellitier
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Inés Ibáñez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald R Zak
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - William A Argiroff
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kirk Acharya
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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