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Recent Progress on Heparin–Protamine Particles for Biomedical Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050932. [PMID: 35267754 PMCID: PMC8912589 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules are attractive building blocks with self-assembly ability, structural diversity, and excellent functionality for creating artificial materials. Heparin and protamine, a clinically relevant pair of biomolecules used in cardiac and vascular surgery, have been shown to coassemble into particulate polyelectrolyte complexes in vitro. The resulting heparin–protamine particles exhibit adhesive properties that enable advantageous interactions with proteins, cells, and various other substances and have been employed as functional materials for biomedical applications. In this review article, we summarize recent progress in research on the use of heparin–protamine particles as drug carriers, cell adhesives, and cell labels. Studies have demonstrated that heparin–protamine particles are potentially versatile in biomedical fields from drug delivery and regenerative medicine to plastic surgery.
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Development of Novel Heparin/Protamine Nanoparticles Useful for Delivery of Exogenous Proteins In Vitro and In Vivo. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081584. [PMID: 32806578 PMCID: PMC7466629 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that heparin/protamine particles (LHPPs) produced as nanoparticles through simple mixing of raw materials exhibit sustained protein release and can be retained in cells. In the present study, we modified LHPPs without employing any organic synthetic approach. The resulting LHPPs were re-named as improved LHPPs (i-LHPPs) and have the ability to retain cell-penetrating peptides (GRKKRRQRRRPPQ) based on electrostatic interactions. We examined whether i-LHPPs can introduce exogenous proteins (i.e., lacZ protein encoding bacterial β-galactosidase) into cultured cells in vitro, or into murine hepatocytes in vivo through intravenous injection to anesthetized mice. We found an accumulation of the transferred protein in both in vitro cultured cells and in vivo hepatocytes. To the best of our knowledge, reports of successful in vivo delivery to hepatocytes are rare. The i-LHPP-based protein delivery technique will be useful for in vivo functional genetic modification of mouse hepatocytes using Cas9 protein-mediated genome editing targeting specific genes, leading to the creation of hepatic disease animal models for research that aims to treat liver diseases.
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Ishihara M, Kishimoto S, Nakamura S, Fukuda K, Sato Y, Hattori H. Biomaterials as cell carriers for augmentation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cell transplantation. Biomed Mater Eng 2019; 29:567-585. [PMID: 30400072 DOI: 10.3233/bme-181009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) contain lineage-committed progenitor cells that have the ability to differentiate into various cell types that may be useful for autologous cell transplantation to correct defects of skin, adipose, cartilage, bone, tendon, and blood vessels. The multipotent characteristics of ADSCs, as well as their abundance in the human body, make them an attractive potential resource for wound repair and applications to tissue engineering. ADSC transplantation has been used in combination with biomaterials, including cell sheets, hydrogel, and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on chitosan, fibrin, atelocollagen, and decellularized porcine dermis, etc. Furthermore, low molecular weight heparin/protamine nanoparticles (LH/P NPs) have been used as an inducer of ADSC aggregation. The tissue engineering potential of these biomaterials as cell carriers is increased by the synergistic relationship between ADSCs and the biomaterials, resulting in the release of angiogenic cytokines and growth factors. In this review article, we describe the advantages of ADSC transplantation for tissue engineering, focusing on biomaterials as cell carriers which we have studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ishihara
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Satoko Kishimoto
- Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoko Sato
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2162, Japan
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Improved recovery from limb ischaemia by delivery of an affinity-isolated heparan sulphate. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:777-791. [PMID: 29777314 PMCID: PMC6208897 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease is a major cause of limb loss and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. As most standard-of-care therapies yield only unsatisfactory outcomes, more options are needed. Recent cell- and molecular-based therapies that have aimed to modulate vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) levels have not yet been approved for clinical use due to their uncertain side effects. We have previously reported a heparan sulphate (termed HS7) tuned to avidly bind VEGF165. Here, we investigated the ability of HS7 to promote vascular recovery in a murine hindlimb vascular ischaemia model. HS7 stabilised VEGF165 against thermal and enzyme degradation in vitro, and isolated VEGF165 from serum via affinity-chromatography. C57BL6 mice subjected to unilateral hindlimb ischaemia injury received daily intramuscular injections of respective treatments (n = 8) and were assessed over 3 weeks by laser Doppler perfusion, magnetic resonance angiography, histology and the regain of function. Mice receiving HS7 showed improved blood reperfusion in the footpad by day 7. In addition, they recovered hindlimb blood volume two- to fourfold faster compared to the saline group; the greatest rate of recovery was observed in the first week. Notably, 17% of HS7-treated animals recovered full hindlimb function by day 7, a number that grew to 58% and 100% by days 14 and 21, respectively. This was in contrast to only 38% in the control animals. These results highlight the potential of purified glycosaminoglycan fractions for clinical use following vascular insult, and confirm the importance of harnessing the activity of endogenous pro-healing factors generated at injury sites.
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Kishimoto S, Inoue KI, Nakamura S, Hattori H, Ishihara M, Sakuma M, Toyoda S, Iwaguro H, Taguchi I, Inoue T, Yoshida KI. Low-molecular weight heparin protamine complex augmented the potential of adipose-derived stromal cells to ameliorate limb ischemia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:132-9. [PMID: 27100923 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Heparin/protamine micro/nanoparticles (LH/P-MPs) were recently developed as low-molecular weight, biodegradable carriers for adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). These particles can be used for a locally delivered stem cell therapy that promotes angiogenesis. LH/P-MPs bind to the cell surface of ADSCs and promote cell-to-cell interaction and aggregation of ADSCs. Cultured ADSC/LH/P-MP aggregates remain viable. Here, we examined the ability of these aggregates to rescue limb loss in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. METHODS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced in adult male BALB/c mice by ligation of the iliac artery and hindlimb vein. For allotransplantation of ADSCs from the same inbred strain, we injected ADSC alone or ADSC/LH/P-MP aggregates or control medium (sham-treated) directly into the ischemic muscles. Ischemic limb blood perfusion, vessel density, and vessel area were recorded. The extent of ischemic limb necrosis or limb loss was assessed on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14. RESULTS Compared with the sham-treatment control, treatment with ADSCs alone showed modest effects on blood perfusion recovery and increased the number of α-SMA-positive vessels. Response to ADSC/LH/P-MP aggregates was significantly greater than ADSCs alone for every endpoint. ADSC/LH/P-MP aggregates more effectively prevented the loss of ischemic hindlimbs than ADSCs alone or the sham-treatment. CONCLUSION The LH/P-MPs augmented the effects of ADSCs on angiogenesis and reversal of limb ischemia. Use of ADSC/LH/P-MP aggregates offers a novel and convenient treatment method and potentially represents a promising new therapeutic approach to inducing angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Kishimoto
- Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hattori
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishihara
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakuma
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwaguro
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Isao Taguchi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Yoshida
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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Sawa Y, Tatsumi E, Tsukiya T, Matsuda K, Fukunaga K, Kishida A, Masuzawa T, Matsumiya G, Myoui A, Nishimura M, Nishimura T, Nishinaka T, Okamoto E, Tokunaga S, Tomo T, Yagi Y, Yamaoka T. Journal of Artificial Organs 2012: the year in review. J Artif Organs 2013; 16:1-8. [PMID: 23456197 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-013-0690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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