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Malaguti MC, Di Fonzo A, Longo C, Di Giacopo R, Papagno C, Donner D, Rozzanigo U, Monfrini E. A Novel Pathogenic PSEN1 Variant in a Patient With Dystonia-Parkinsonism Without Dementia. J Mov Disord 2024; 17:102-105. [PMID: 37704566 PMCID: PMC10846968 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Department of Neurology, Foundation Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Longo
- Department of Neurology, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Costanza Papagno
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Donner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Umberto Rozzanigo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Department of Neurology, Foundation Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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2
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Aloisio S, Satolli S, Bellini G, Lopriore P. Parkinsonism in complex neurogenetic disorders: lessons from hereditary dementias, adult-onset ataxias and spastic paraplegias. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3379-3388. [PMID: 37648940 PMCID: PMC10495519 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a syndrome characterized by bradykinesia in combination with either rest tremor, rigidity, or both. These features are the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease, the most common cause of parkinsonism, and atypical parkinsonian disorders. However, parkinsonism can be a manifestation of complex neurological and neurodegenerative genetically determined disorders, which have a vast and heterogeneous motor and non-motor phenotypic features. Hereditary dementias, adult-onset ataxias and spastic paraplegias represent only few of this vast group of neurogenetic diseases. This review will provide an overview of parkinsonism's clinical features within adult-onset neurogenetic diseases which a neurologist could face with. Understanding parkinsonism and its characteristics in the context of the aforementioned neurological conditions may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and have important clinical implications, including diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Aloisio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Satolli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Chen Y, Liu P, Xie F, Wang B, Lin Z, Luo W. A heterozygous de novo PSEN1 mutation in a patient with early-onset parkinsonism. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1405-1409. [PMID: 34843019 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) are the most common known genetic cause of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Patients with PSEN1 mutations exhibit broad phenotypes. Here, we report clinical, neuroimaging and genetic findings in a patient with a de novo mutation in PSEN1 (c.697A > G, p.M233V) presenting with early-onset parkinsonism as the initial and primary symptom. METHODS We recruited a family with one affected patient with early-onset parkinsonism. The patient underwent comprehensive neurological examination and imaging evaluation. Whole genome sequencing was performed for the proband. RESULTS The patient presented with parkinsonism and mild cognitive impairment. He had a good response to levodopa. Brain MRI evaluation showed atrophy of the bilateral frontotemporal lobe and hippocampus. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane-PET showed decreased metabolism and dopamine transporter distribution in the bilateral putamen and caudate nucleus. 11C-Pittsburgh compound B -PET showed β-amyloid protein deposition. Genetic analysis identified a heterozygous de novo variant in PSEN1 (c.697A > G, p.M233V). CONCLUSIONS Screening for PSEN1 variations should be considered in patients with levodopa-responsive early-onset parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiru Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Morales-Briceno H, Fung VSC, Bhatia KP, Balint B. Parkinsonism and dystonia: Clinical spectrum and diagnostic clues. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120016. [PMID: 34642024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The links between the two archetypical basal ganglia disorders, dystonia and parkinsonism, are manifold and stem from clinical observations, imaging studies, animal models and genetics. The combination of both, i.e. the syndrome of dystonia-parkinsonism, is not uncommonly seen in movement disorders clinics and has a myriad of different underlying aetiologies, upon which treatment and prognosis depend. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we delineate the clinical spectrum of disorders presenting with dystonia-parkinsonism. The clinical approach depends primarily on the age at onset, associated neurological or systemic symptoms and neuroimaging. The tempo of disease progression, and the response to L-dopa are further important clues to tailor diagnostic approaches that may encompass dopamine transporter imaging, CSF analysis and, last but not least, genetic testing. Later in life, sporadic neurodegenerative conditions are the most frequent cause, but the younger the patient, the more likely the cause is unravelled by the recent advances of molecular genetics that are focus of this review. Here, knowledge of the associated phenotypic spectrum is key to guide genetic testing and interpretation of test results. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Morales-Briceno
- Neurology Department, Movement Disorders Unit, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Neurology Department, Movement Disorders Unit, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Kim HR, Jang JH, Ham H, Choo SH, Park J, Kang SH, Hwangbo S, Jang H, Na DL, Seo SW, Baek JH, Kim HJ. A Case of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Mimicking Schizophrenia in a Patient with Presenilin 1 Mutation (S170P). J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1025-1031. [PMID: 34366354 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Atypical psychological symptoms frequently occur in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), which makes it difficult to differentiate it from other psychiatric disorders. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with EOAD, carrying a presenilin-1 mutation (S170P), who was initially misdiagnosed with schizophrenia because of prominent psychiatric symptoms in the first 1-2 years of the disease. Amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) showed remarkably high tracer uptake in the striatum and thalamus. Tau PET showed widespread cortical uptake and relatively low uptake in the subcortical and medial temporal regions. Our case advocates for considering EOAD diagnosis for young patients with psychiatric and atypical cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Rai Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggi Ham
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hwangbo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Huq AJ, Sexton A, Lacaze P, Masters CL, Storey E, Velakoulis D, James PA, Winship IM. Genetic testing in dementia-A medical genetics perspective. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1158-1170. [PMID: 33779003 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When a genetic cause is suspected in a person with dementia, it creates unique diagnostic and management challenges to the treating clinician. Many clinicians may be unaware of the practicalities surrounding genetic testing for their patients, such as when to test and what tests to use and how to counsel patients and their families. This review was conducted to provide guidance to clinicians caring for patients with dementia regarding clinically relevant genetics. METHODS We searched PubMed for studies that involved genetics of dementia up to March 2020. Patient file reviews were also conducted to create composite cases. RESULTS In addition to families where a strong Mendelian pattern of family history is seen, people with younger age of onset, especially before the age of 65 years were found to be at an increased risk of harbouring a genetic cause for their dementia. This review discusses some of the most common genetic syndromes, including Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Parkinson disease dementia/dementia with Lewy bodies and some rarer types of genetic dementias, along with illustrative clinical case studies. This is followed by a brief review of the current genetic technologies and a discussion on the unique genetic counselling issues in dementia. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of genetic testing in the diagnostic pathway in some patients with dementia could potentially reduce the time taken to diagnose the cause of their dementia. Although a definite advantage as an addition to the diagnostic repository, genetic testing has many pros and cons which need to be carefully considered first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamira J Huq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne Sexton
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Neurosciences, The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Picillo M, Ginevrino M, Dati G, Scannapieco S, Vallelunga A, Siano P, Volpe G, Ceravolo R, Nicoletti V, Cicero E, Nicoletti A, Zappia M, Peverelli S, Silani V, Pellecchia MT, Valente EM, Barone P. Genetic characterization of a cohort with familial parkinsonism and cognitive-behavioral syndrome: A Next Generation Sequencing study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:82-90. [PMID: 33601107 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform the genetic characterization of a cohort with familial parkinsonism and cognitive-behavioral syndrome. METHODS A Next Generation Sequencing - based targeted sequencing of 32 genes associated to various neurodegenerative phenotypes, plus a screening for SNCA Copy Number Variations and C9orf72 repeat expansion, was applied in a cohort of 85 Italian patients presenting with parkinsonism and cognitive and/or behavioral syndrome and a positive familial history for any neurodegenerative disorder (i.e., dementia, movement disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). RESULTS Through this combined genetic approach, we detected potentially relevant genetic variants in 25.8% of patients with familial parkinsonism and cognitive and/or behavioral syndrome. Peculiar phenotypes are described (Cortico-basal syndrome with APP, Posterior Cortical Atrophy with GBA, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-like with GRN, Multiple System Atrophy with TARDBP). The majority of patients presented a rigid-bradykinetic parkinsonian syndrome, while rest tremor was less common. Myoclonic jerks, pyramidal signs, dystonic postures and vertical gaze disturbances were more frequently associated with the presence of a pathogenic variant in one of the tested genes. CONCLUSIONS Given the syndromic approach adopted in our study, we were able to provide a detailed clinical description of patients beyond the boundaries of specific clinical diagnoses and describe peculiar phenotypes. This observation further supports the knowledge that genetic disorders present phenotypic overlaps across different neurodegenerative syndromes, highlighting the limitations of current clinical diagnostic criteria defining sharp boundaries between distinct conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Dati
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Sara Scannapieco
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Siano
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital A.O.U. OO.RR. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giampiero Volpe
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital A.O.U. OO.RR. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Università di Pisa, Italy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Università di Pisa, Italy, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cicero
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Peverelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Italy.
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8
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Liu J, Wang Q, Jing D, Gao R, Zhang J, Cui C, Qiao H, Liang Z, Wang C, Rosa-Neto P, Wu L, Jia J, Gauthier S. Diagnostic Approach of Early-Onset Dementia with Negative Family History: Implications from Two Cases of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease with De Novo PSEN1 Mutation. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:551-558. [PMID: 30814350 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) cases with unclear family history, most cases are sporadic. Some cases are positive in genetic findings, that is, either incomplete penetrance or de novo mutation. We aimed to focus on EOAD cases with de novo mutations. Case reports and literature review were performed. The implication for diagnostic approach of early-onset dementia with negative family history was developed. We reported two Chinese EOAD cases with de novo mutations. The genotype PSEN1 G206S appeared to correlate with the phenotype of EOAD with pure cognitive problems. The second case had a PSEN1 M233V mutation with an earlier age of onset of 25 with cognitive decline, parkinsonism, and epilepsy. Although EOAD due to de novo mutations is not common, it should be considered in patients with a phenotype of progressive cognitive decline and amyloid positivity on PET or CSF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Donglai Jing
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Canada
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Canada
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9
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Gatto EM, Rojas GJ, Nemirovsky SI, Da Prat G, Persi G, Cesarini M, Etcheverry JL, Rojas NG, Parisi V, Cordoba M, Sevlever G, Allegri RF, Turjanski AG. A novel mutation in PSEN1 (p.Arg41Ser) in an Argentinian woman with early onset Parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 77:21-25. [PMID: 32590294 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in presenilin-1 (PSEN1) account for the majority of cases of familial autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as in sporadic forms. Atypical presentations are reported including extrapyramidal signs. In the last years, a pleiotropic effect of some PSEN1 variants has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE to report a new PSEN1 mutation characterized by early-onset Parkinsonism (EOPD) without dementia or classical AD biomarkers phenotype. PATIENT AND METHODS An Argentinian 46 years old woman was diagnosed with EOPD at 35 years old with no family history of neurodegenerative disorders. Her medical history included iron deficiency and anemia since childhood. A brain MRI showed moderate frontal atrophy. 18FDG-PET and PiB-PET as well as CSF biomarkers were inconclusive for AD. Two neuropsychological examinations were compatible with a mild non amnestic cognitive impairment. Whole blood DNA was extracted and whole exome sequencing and analysis was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A heterozygous novel missense PSEN1 mutation (position 14:73637540, A > T, pArg41Ser) was identified as a likely causative mutation in this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first PSEN1 mutation with a l-dopa responsive Parkinsonism lacking distinctive classical AD biomarkers. This case opens a new window to explore the pathophysiological link among PSEN1 and EOPDs and contributes to increase the phenotypes of PSEN1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Gatto
- Departamento de Neurología. Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Bartolomé Mitre, 2553, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Guardia Vieja, 4435, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Galeno J Rojas
- Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas del Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Bartolomé Mitre, 2553, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio I Nemirovsky
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Int. Cantilo, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Da Prat
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Guardia Vieja, 4435, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Persi
- Departamento de Neurología. Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Bartolomé Mitre, 2553, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Cesarini
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Guardia Vieja, 4435, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose L Etcheverry
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Guardia Vieja, 4435, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gonzalez Rojas
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Guardia Vieja, 4435, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Parisi
- Departamento de Neurología. Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Bartolomé Mitre, 2553, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Cordoba
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Guardia Vieja, 4435, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (LEN) Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENI, Montañeses, 2325, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo F Allegri
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas FLENI, Montañeses, 2325, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Colombia
| | - Adrian G Turjanski
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Bitgenia, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Av. Int. Cantilo, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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10
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Van Giau V, Pyun JM, Suh J, Bagyinszky E, An SSA, Kim SY. A pathogenic PSEN1 Trp165Cys mutation associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:188. [PMID: 31391004 PMCID: PMC6685246 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) is one of the causative genes for early onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). Recently, emerging studies reported several novel PSEN1 mutations among Asian. We describe a male with EOAD had a pathogenic PSEN1 mutation. Case presentation A 53-year-old male presented with memory decline, followed by difficulty in finding ways. Patient had positive family history, since his mother and one of his brother was also affected with dementia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed mild degree of atrophy of bilateral hippocampus and parietal lobe. 18F-Florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) revealed increased amyloid deposition in bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal lobe and precuneus. Whole exome analysis revealed a heterozygous, probably pathogenic PSEN1 (c.695G > T, p.W165C) mutation. Interestingly, Trp165Cys mutation is located in trans membrane (TM)-III region, which is conserved between PSEN1/PSEN2. In vitro studies revealed that PSEN1 Trp165Cys could result in disturbances in amyloid metabolism. This prediction was confirmed by structure predictions and previous in vitro studies that the p.Trp165Cys could result in decreased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios. Conclusion We report a case of EOAD having a pathogenic PSEN1 (Trp165Cys) confirmed with in silico and in vitro predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology & Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Suh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology & Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology & Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, South Korea.
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea.
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11
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Nicolas G, Veltman JA. The role of de novo mutations in adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:183-207. [PMID: 30478624 PMCID: PMC6513904 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (AOND) are complex in majority of the cases. In some families, however, the disease can be inherited in a Mendelian fashion as an autosomal-dominant trait. Next to that, patients carrying mutations in the same disease genes have been reported despite a negative family history. Although challenging to demonstrate due to the late onset of the disease in most cases, the occurrence of de novo mutations can explain this sporadic presentation, as demonstrated for severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Exome or genome sequencing of patient-parent trios allows a hypothesis-free study of the role of de novo mutations in AOND and the discovery of novel disease genes. Another hypothesis that may explain a proportion of sporadic AOND cases is the occurrence of a de novo mutation after the fertilization of the oocyte (post-zygotic mutation) or even as a late-somatic mutation, restricted to the brain. Such somatic mutation hypothesis, that can be tested with the use of novel sequencing technologies, is fully compatible with the seeding and spreading mechanisms of the pathological proteins identified in most of these disorders. We review here the current knowledge and future perspectives on de novo mutations in known and novel candidate genes identified in the most common AONDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum and Prion disorders. Also, we review the first lessons learned from recent genomic studies of control and diseased brains and the challenges which remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, 22, Boulevard Gambetta, 76000, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Genetic mimics of the non-genetic atypical parkinsonian disorders – the ‘atypical’ atypical. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:327-351. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Giau VV, Wang MJ, Bagyinszky E, Youn YC, An SSA, Kim S. Novel PSEN1 p.Gly417Ala mutation in a Korean patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease with parkinsonism. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:188.e13-188.e17. [PMID: 30180983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) are the most common cause of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report a 37-year-old male Korean patient carrying a PSEN1 p.Gly417Ala mutation with exceptionally early and severe presentations, including a wide range of atypical symptoms of rapid cognitive decline with a stooped posture, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Targeted next-generation sequencing of proband revealed a novel nucleotide substitution (c.1250G>C) in exon 12 of PSEN1 gene, altering glycine to alanine at 417 position. Three-dimensional protein structure prediction revealed that the variant may cause perturbations in the 8th transmembrane region, perturbing its functions from the increased hydrophobicity and size of alanine with decreased flexibility. Since several glycine>alanine substitutions in other PSEN1 transmembrane helices revealed aggressive Alzheimer's disease phenotypes, PSEN1 Gly417Ala may share a common pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Roa Neurology Clinic, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam, South Korea.
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, South Korea.
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14
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Di Fonzo A, Monfrini E, Erro R. Genetics of Movement Disorders and the Practicing Clinician; Who and What to Test for? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:37. [PMID: 29789954 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide the basic knowledge on the genetics of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders to guide clinicians in the decision of "who and what to test for?" RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, the identification of various genetic causes of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders has had a great impact on a better definition of different clinical syndromes. Indeed, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has provided an impressive step forward in the easy identification of genetic forms. However, this increased availability of genetic testing has challenges, including the ethical issue of genetic testing in unaffected family members, "commercially" available home testing kits and the increasing number and relevance of "variants of unknown significance." The emergent role of genetic factors has important implications on clinical practice and counseling. As a consequence, it is fundamental that practicing neurologists have a proper knowledge of the genetic background of the diseases and perform an accurate selection of who has to be tested and for which gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Neurodegenerative disease center (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
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15
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Ibanez L, Dube U, Davis AA, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Cooper B, Diez-Fairen M, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Perlmutter JS, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA. Pleiotropic Effects of Variants in Dementia Genes in Parkinson Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:230. [PMID: 29692703 PMCID: PMC5902712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) increases dramatically with advancing age, approaching 80% in patients who survive 20 years with the disease. Increasing evidence suggests clinical, pathological and genetic overlap between Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia with PD. However, the contribution of the dementia-causing genes to PD risk, cognitive impairment and dementia in PD is not fully established. Objective: To assess the contribution of coding variants in Mendelian dementia-causing genes on the risk of developing PD and the effect on cognitive performance of PD patients. Methods: We analyzed the coding regions of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), Presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1, PSEN2), and Granulin (GRN) genes from 1,374 PD cases and 973 controls using pooled-DNA targeted sequence, human exome-chip and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data by single variant and gene base (SKAT-O and burden tests) analyses. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The effect of coding variants in dementia-causing genes on cognitive performance was tested by multiple regression analysis adjusting for gender, disease duration, age at dementia assessment, study site and APOE carrier status. Results: Known AD pathogenic mutations in the PSEN1 (p.A79V) and PSEN2 (p.V148I) genes were found in 0.3% of all PD patients. There was a significant burden of rare, likely damaging variants in the GRN and PSEN1 genes in PD patients when compared with frequencies in the European population from the ExAC database. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PD patients carrying rare variants in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and GRN genes exhibit lower cognitive tests scores than non-carrier PD patients (p = 2.0 × 10-4), independent of age at PD diagnosis, age at evaluation, APOE status or recruitment site. Conclusions: Pathogenic mutations in the Alzheimer disease-causing genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) are found in sporadic PD patients. PD patients with cognitive decline carry rare variants in dementia-causing genes. Variants in genes causing Mendelian neurodegenerative diseases exhibit pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Albert A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria V Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Breanna Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States.,Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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