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Saarela A, Timonen O, Kirjavainen J, Liu Y, Silvennoinen K, Mervaala E, Kälviäinen R. Novel LAMC3 pathogenic variant enriched in Finnish population causes malformations of cortical development and severe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2024; 26:498-509. [PMID: 38758065 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recessive LAMC3 mutations are recognized to cause epilepsy with cortical malformations characterized by polymicrogyria and pachygyria. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical picture and epilepsy phenotype of four patients with a previously undescribed LAMC3 variant. METHODS All epilepsy patients treated in Kuopio Epilepsy Center (located in Kuopio, Finland) are offered the possibility to participate in a scientific study investigating biomarkers in epilepsy (Epibiomarker study). We have collected a comprehensive database of the study population, and are currently re-evaluating our database regarding the patients with developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). If the etiology of epilepsy remains unknown in the clinical setting, we are performing whole exome sequencing to recognize the genetic causes. RESULTS Among our study population of 323 DEE patients we recognized three patients with similar homozygous LAMC3 c.1866del (p.(Phe623Serfs*10)) frameshift variant and one patient with a compound heterozygous mutation where the same frameshift variant was combined with an intronic LAMC3 c.4231-12C>G variant on another allele. All these patients have severe epilepsy and either bilateral agyria-pachygyria or bilateral polymicrogyria in their clinical MRI scanning. Cortical malformations involve the occipital lobes in all our patients. Epilepsy phenotype is variable as two of our patients have DEE with epileptic spasms progressing to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and intellectual disability. The other two patients have focal epilepsy without marked cognitive deficit. The four patients are unrelated. LAMC3 c.1866del p.(Phe623Serfs*10) frameshift variant is enriched in the Finnish population. SIGNIFICANCE Only a few patients with epilepsy caused by LAMC3 homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations have been described in the literature. To our knowledge, the variants discovered in our patients have not previously been published. Clinical phenotype appears to be more varied than previously assumed and patients with a milder phenotype and normal cognition have probably remained unrecognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Saarela
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kuopio Epilepsy Center., Kuopio University Hospital. Full Member of ERN EpiCARE., Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskari Timonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Kirjavainen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kuopio Epilepsy Center., Kuopio University Hospital. Full Member of ERN EpiCARE., Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yawu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katri Silvennoinen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio Epilepsy Center, Kuopio University Hospital. Full Member of ERN EpiCARE, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Esa Mervaala
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio Epilepsy Center, Kuopio University Hospital. Full Member of ERN EpiCARE, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reetta Kälviäinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio Epilepsy Center, Kuopio University Hospital. Full Member of ERN EpiCARE, Kuopio, Finland
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Yang W, Lin L, Lu T, Yu H, Zhang S. Identification of EMT-associated prognostic features among grade II/III gliomas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2822. [PMID: 38307919 PMCID: PMC10837424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Grade II/III gliomas have a highly heterogeneous clinical course. Identifying prognostic biomarkers in grade II/III gliomas is essential to guide clinical management. We explored epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes to uncover prognostic features in grade II/III gliomas. Consensus cluster analysis of 200 EMT-related genes classified 512 grade II/III glioma samples into two molecular subtypes, C1 and C2. The C1 subtype had significantly worse overall survival compared to the C2 subtype. Pathway analysis revealed C1 tumors were highly associated with tumor progression pathways and demonstrated higher immune cell infiltration scores. Differential expression analysis identified four genes (ACTN1, AQP1, LAMC3, NRM) that discriminated the two subtypes. Validation in external datasets confirmed that high expression of this four-gene signature predicted poor prognosis in grade II/III gliomas. Cellular experiments showed ACTN1, AQP1 and NRM promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We examined correlations of the signature genes with T cell exhaustion markers and found ACTN1 expression had the strongest association. Immunohistochemistry analysis further demonstrated that ACTN1 protein expression in grade II/III gliomas was negatively correlated with patient overall survival. In summary, our study identified a concise four-gene signature that robustly predicts grade II/III gliomas prognosis across multiple datasets. The signature provides clinical relevance in distinguishing more aggressive grade II/III glioma tumors. Targeting the ACTN1, AQP1 and NRM genes may offer new therapeutic opportunities to improve grade II/III gliomas patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangbin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Obesity and Metabolism Medicine-Engineering Integration Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sunfu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China.
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Falcicchio G, Riva A, La Neve A, Iacomino M, Lastella P, Suppressa P, Sciruicchio V, Trojano M, Striano P. Case report: LAMC3-associated cortical malformations: Case report of a novel stop-gain variant and literature review. Front Genet 2023; 13:990350. [PMID: 36685914 PMCID: PMC9852726 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) can lead to peculiar neuroradiological patterns and clinical presentations (i.e., seizures, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability) according to the specific genetic pathway of the brain development involved; and yet a certain degree of phenotypic heterogeneity exists even when the same gene is affected. Here we report a man with an malformations of cortical development extending beyond occipital lobes associated with a novel stop-gain variant in LAMC3. Case presentation: The patient is a 28-year-old man suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy and moderate intellectual disability. He underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging showing polymicrogyria involving occipital and temporal lobes bilaterally. After performing exome sequencing, a novel stop-gain variant in LAMC3 (c.3871C>T; p. Arg1291*) was identified. According to the cortical alteration of the temporal regions, temporal seizures were detected; instead, the patient did not report occipital seizures. Different pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions (i.e., vagus nerve stimulation) were unsuccessful, even though a partial seizure reduction was obtained after cenobamate administration. Conclusion: Our case report confirms that variants of a gene known to be related to specific clinical and neuroradiological pictures can unexpectedly lead to new phenotypes involving different areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Falcicchio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela La Neve
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lastella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rare Diseases Centre “C. Frugoni”, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Suppressa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rare Diseases Centre “C. Frugoni”, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy,*Correspondence: Pasquale Striano,
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Massimo M, Long KR. Orchestrating human neocortex development across the scales; from micro to macro. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 130:24-36. [PMID: 34583893 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
How our brains have developed to perform the many complex functions that make us human has long remained a question of great interest. Over the last few decades, many scientists from a wide range of fields have tried to answer this question by aiming to uncover the mechanisms that regulate the development of the human neocortex. They have approached this on different scales, focusing microscopically on individual cells all the way up to macroscopically imaging entire brains within living patients. In this review we will summarise these key findings and how they fit together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Massimo
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine R Long
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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Abe K, Ando K, Kato M, Saitsu H, Nakashima M, Aoki S, Kimura T. A New Case With Cortical Malformation Caused by Biallelic Variants in LAMC3. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e680. [PMID: 35620139 PMCID: PMC9128070 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective In this study, we report the case of a 24-year-old man with intellectual disability and childhood-onset seizures. This patient had newly identified biallelic variants in the laminin subunit gamma 3 (LAMC3) gene with unreported cortical malformation. Methods Exome sequencing. Results Genetic analyses revealed new biallelic variants in the LAMC3 gene. An MRI examination of the brain revealed cortical malformations predominantly in the temporal lobes and mildly in the occipital, frontal, and parietal lobes. In addition, our patient also exhibited mild midline malformation in the ventral pons, which is unique to LAMC3 variants. Discussion Patients with LAMC3 variants have been reported to exhibit cortical malformation predominantly in the occipital lobes, but this patient exhibited cortical malformation predominantly in the temporal lobes and mildly in the occipital, frontal, and parietal lobes. In addition, this patient also exhibited mild midline malformation in the ventral pons. These unique findings cast new light on the role of LAMC3 in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Abe
- From the Department of Neurology (Kazuo Abe, T.K.), Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital; Center of Neurology (Kazuo Abe), Gratia Hospital; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kumiko Ando), Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine; and Department of Biochemistry (H.S., M.N., S.A.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Kumiko Ando
- From the Department of Neurology (Kazuo Abe, T.K.), Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital; Center of Neurology (Kazuo Abe), Gratia Hospital; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kumiko Ando), Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine; and Department of Biochemistry (H.S., M.N., S.A.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- From the Department of Neurology (Kazuo Abe, T.K.), Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital; Center of Neurology (Kazuo Abe), Gratia Hospital; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kumiko Ando), Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine; and Department of Biochemistry (H.S., M.N., S.A.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- From the Department of Neurology (Kazuo Abe, T.K.), Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital; Center of Neurology (Kazuo Abe), Gratia Hospital; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kumiko Ando), Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine; and Department of Biochemistry (H.S., M.N., S.A.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- From the Department of Neurology (Kazuo Abe, T.K.), Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital; Center of Neurology (Kazuo Abe), Gratia Hospital; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kumiko Ando), Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine; and Department of Biochemistry (H.S., M.N., S.A.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Shintaro Aoki
- From the Department of Neurology (Kazuo Abe, T.K.), Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital; Center of Neurology (Kazuo Abe), Gratia Hospital; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kumiko Ando), Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine; and Department of Biochemistry (H.S., M.N., S.A.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kimura
- From the Department of Neurology (Kazuo Abe, T.K.), Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital; Center of Neurology (Kazuo Abe), Gratia Hospital; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kumiko Ando), Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine; and Department of Biochemistry (H.S., M.N., S.A.), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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Qian X, Liu X, Zhu Z, Wang S, Song X, Chen G, Wu J, Cao Y, Luan X, Tang H, Cao L. Variants in LAMC3 Causes Occipital Cortical Malformation. Front Genet 2021; 12:616761. [PMID: 34354730 PMCID: PMC8329496 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.616761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Occipital cortical malformation (OCCM) is a disease caused by malformations of cortical development characterized by polymicrogyria and pachygyria of the occipital lobes and childhood-onset seizures. The recessive or complex heterozygous variants of the LAMC3 gene are identified as the cause of OCCM. In the present study, we identified novel complex heterozygous variants (c.470G > A and c.4030 + 1G > A) of the LAMC3 gene in a Chinese female with childhood-onset seizures. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Functional experiments confirmed that both variant sites caused premature truncation of the laminin γ3 chain. Bioinformatics analysis predicted 10 genes interacted with LAMC3 with an interaction score of 0.4 (P value = 1.0e–16). The proteins encoded by these genes were mainly located in the basement membrane and extracellular matrix component. Furthermore, the biological processes and molecular functions from gene ontology analysis indicated that laminin γ3 chain and related proteins played an important role in structural support and cellular processes through protein-containing complex binding and signaling receptor binding. KEGG pathway enrichment predicted that the LAMC3 gene variant was most likely to participate in the occurrence and development of OCCM through extracellular matrix receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shige Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Song
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Luan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huidong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Excitatory/Inhibitory Synaptic Ratios in Polymicrogyria and Down Syndrome Help Explain Epileptogenesis in Malformations. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 116:41-54. [PMID: 33450624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs into maturing individual cortical neurons influences their epileptic potential. Structural factors during development that alter synaptic inputs can be demonstrated neuropathologically. Increased mitochondrial activity identifies neurons with excessive discharge rates. METHODS This study focuses on the neuropathological examinaion of surgical resections for epilepsy and at autopsy, in fetuses, infants, and children, using immunocytochemical markers, and electron microscopy in selected cases. Polymicrogyria and Down syndrome are highlighted. RESULTS Factors influencing afferent synaptic ratios include the following: (1) synaptic short-circuitry in fused molecular zones of adjacent gyri (polymicrogyria); (2) impaired development of dendritic spines decreasing excitation (Down syndrome); (3) extracellular keratan sulfate proteoglycan binding to somatic membranes but not dendritic spines may be focally diminished (cerebral atrophy, schizencephaly, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria) or augmented, ensheathing individual axons (holoprosencephaly), or acting as a barrier to axonal passage in the U-fiber layer. If keratan is diminished, glutamate receptors on the neuronal soma enable ectopic axosomatic excitatory synapses to form; (4) dysplastic, megalocytic neurons and balloon cells in mammalian target of rapamycin disorders; (5) satellitosis of glial cells displacing axosomatic synapses; (6) peri-neuronal inflammation (tuberous sclerosis) and heat-shock proteins. CONCLUSIONS Synaptic ratio of excitatory/inhibitory afferents is a major fundamental basis of epileptogenesis at the neuronal level. Neuropathology can demonstrate subcellular changes that help explain either epilepsy or lack of seizures in immature brains. Synaptic ratios in malformations influence postnatal epileptogenesis. Single neurons can be hypermetabolic and potentially epileptogenic.
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De Angelis C, Byrne AB, Morrow R, Feng J, Ha T, Wang P, Schreiber AW, Babic M, Taranath A, Manton N, King-Smith SL, Schwarz Q, Arts P, Scott HS, Barnett C. Compound heterozygous variants in LAMC3 in association with posterior periventricular nodular heterotopia. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:64. [PMID: 33639934 PMCID: PMC7916305 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a malformation of cortical development characterized by nodules of abnormally migrated neurons. The cause of posteriorly placed PNH is not well characterised and we present a case that provides insights into the cause of posterior PNH. CASE PRESENTATION We report a fetus with extensive posterior PNH in association with biallelic variants in LAMC3. LAMC3 mutations have previously been shown to cause polymicrogyria and pachygyria in the occipital cortex, but not PNH. The occipital location of PNH in our case and the proposed function of LAMC3 in cortical development suggest that the identified LAMC3 variants may be causal of PNH in this fetus. CONCLUSION We hypothesise that this finding extends the cortical phenotype associated with LAMC3 and provides valuable insight into genetic cause of posterior PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Angelis
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alicia B Byrne
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Morrow
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jinghua Feng
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thuong Ha
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Wang
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas W Schreiber
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Milena Babic
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ajay Taranath
- South Australian Medical Imaging, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nick Manton
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital/SA Pathology, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah L King-Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Genomic Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Genomic Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.
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Ferent J, Zaidi D, Francis F. Extracellular Control of Radial Glia Proliferation and Scaffolding During Cortical Development and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578341. [PMID: 33178693 PMCID: PMC7596222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the cortex, newly generated neurons migrate long-distances in the expanding tissue to reach their final positions. Pyramidal neurons are produced from dorsal progenitors, e.g., radial glia (RGs) in the ventricular zone, and then migrate along RG processes basally toward the cortex. These neurons are hence dependent upon RG extensions to support their migration from apical to basal regions. Several studies have investigated how intracellular determinants are required for RG polarity and subsequent formation and maintenance of their processes. Fewer studies have identified the influence of the extracellular environment on this architecture. This review will focus on extracellular factors which influence RG morphology and pyramidal neuronal migration during normal development and their perturbations in pathology. During cortical development, RGs are present in different strategic positions: apical RGs (aRGs) have their cell bodies located in the ventricular zone with an apical process contacting the ventricle, while they also have a basal process extending radially to reach the pial surface of the cortex. This particular conformation allows aRGs to be exposed to long range and short range signaling cues, whereas basal RGs (bRGs, also known as outer RGs, oRGs) have their cell bodies located throughout the cortical wall, limiting their access to ventricular factors. Long range signals impacting aRGs include secreted molecules present in the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., Neuregulin, EGF, FGF, Wnt, BMP). Secreted molecules also contribute to the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, laminin, reelin). Classical short range factors include cell to cell signaling, adhesion molecules and mechano-transduction mechanisms (e.g., TAG1, Notch, cadherins, mechanical tension). Changes in one or several of these components influencing the RG extracellular environment can disrupt the development or maintenance of RG architecture on which neuronal migration relies, leading to a range of cortical malformations. First, we will detail the known long range signaling cues impacting RG. Then, we will review how short range cell contacts are also important to instruct the RG framework. Understanding how RG processes are structured by their environment to maintain and support radial migration is a critical part of the investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Donia Zaidi
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
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Kasper BS, Kraus C, Schwarz M, Rösch J, Thiel CT, Reis A, Zweier C. A novel splice variant expands the LAMC3-associated cortical phenotype to frontal only polymicrogyria and adult-onset epilepsy. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2761-2764. [PMID: 32902107 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in LAMC3, encoding extracellular matrix protein laminin gamma 3, represent a rare cause of occipital polymicrogyria with epilepsy, developmental delay and cognitive impairment. So far, only five families have been reported. We now identified a novel, homozygous splice variant in LAMC3 in an individual with an unusual manifestation of cortical malformation. She presented with polymicrogyria in the frontal but not the occipital lobes, with adult-onset seizures and normal psychomotor development and cognition. Additionally, ictal asystole, requiring implantation of a pacemaker, and nonepileptic seizures occurred. This case expands the spectrum of LAMC3-associated cortical malformation phenotypes to frontal only polymicrogyria and adult-onset of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard S Kasper
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julie Rösch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian T Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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