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Vural A, Şimşir G, Tekgül Ş, Koçoğlu C, Akçimen F, Kartal E, Şen NE, Lahut S, Ömür Ö, Saner N, Gül T, Bayraktar E, Palvadeau R, Tunca C, Pirkevi Çetinkaya C, Gündoğdu Eken A, Şahbaz I, Kovancılar Koç M, Öztop Çakmak Ö, Hanağası H, Bilgiç B, Eraksoy M, Gündüz A, Apaydın H, Kızıltan G, Özekmekçi S, Siva A, Altıntaş A, Kaya Güleç ZE, Parman Y, Oflazer P, Deymeer F, Durmuş H, Şahin E, Çakar A, Tüfekçioğlu Z, Tektürk P, Çorbalı MO, Tireli H, Akdal G, Yiş U, Hız S, Şengün İ, Bora E, Serdaroğlu G, Erer Özbek S, Ağan K, İnce Günal D, Us Ö, Kurt SG, Aksoy D, Bora Tokçaer A, Elmas M, Gültekin M, Kumandaş S, Acer H, Kaya Özçora GD, Yayla V, Soysal A, Genç G, Güllüoğlu H, Kotan D, Özözen Ayas Z, Şahin HA, Tan E, Topçu M, Topçuoğlu ES, Akbostancı C, Koç F, Ertan S, Elibol B, Başak AN. The Complex Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Ataxias in Turkey and Implications in Clinical Practice. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1676-1688. [PMID: 33624863 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic and epidemiological features of hereditary ataxias have been reported in several populations; however, Turkey is still unexplored. Due to high consanguinity, recessive ataxias are more common in Turkey than in Western European populations. OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence and genetic structure of hereditary ataxias in the Turkish population. METHODS Our cohort consisted of 1296 index cases and 324 affected family members. Polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing or fragment analysis were performed to screen for the trinucleotide repeat expansions in families with a dominant inheritance pattern, as well as in sporadic cases. The expansion in the frataxin (FXN) gene was tested in all autosomal recessive cases and in sporadic cases with a compatible phenotype. Whole-exome sequencing was applied to 251 probands, selected based on the family history, age of onset, and phenotype. RESULTS Mutations in known ataxia genes were identified in 30% of 1296 probands. Friedreich's ataxia was found to be the most common recessive ataxia in Turkey, followed by autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. Spinocerebellar ataxia types 2 and 1 were the most common dominant ataxias. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 251 probands with an approximate diagnostic yield of 50%. Forty-eight novel variants were found in a plethora of genes, suggesting a high heterogeneity. Variants of unknown significance were discussed in light of clinical data. CONCLUSION With the large sample size recruited across the country, we consider that our results provide an accurate picture of the frequency of hereditary ataxias in Turkey. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atay Vural
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Şimşir
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Tekgül
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemile Koçoğlu
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Akçimen
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Kartal
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesli E Şen
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Lahut
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Ömür
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazan Saner
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Gül
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bayraktar
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Robin Palvadeau
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tunca
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Caroline Pirkevi Çetinkaya
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Gündoğdu Eken
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Irmak Şahbaz
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Müge Kovancılar Koç
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Öztop Çakmak
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Haşmet Hanağası
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Başar Bilgiç
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mefkure Eraksoy
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Gündüz
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Apaydın
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güneş Kızıltan
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Özekmekçi
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aksel Siva
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Altıntaş
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep E Kaya Güleç
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Parman
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Piraye Oflazer
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Feza Deymeer
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Durmuş
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdi Şahin
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Arman Çakar
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tüfekçioğlu
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Tektürk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - M Osman Çorbalı
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Tireli
- Department of Neurology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Uluç Yiş
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Semra Hız
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İhsan Şengün
- Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elçin Bora
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Serdaroğlu
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical School, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Erer Özbek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Ağan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek İnce Günal
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Us
- Department of Neurology, Acıbadem Kozyatağı Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Semiha G Kurt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Dürdane Aksoy
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Bora Tokçaer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Elmas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Murat Gültekin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sefer Kumandaş
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamit Acer
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gül D Kaya Özçora
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kayseri Training and Research City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Vildan Yayla
- Department of Neurology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Soysal
- Department of Neurology, Bakırköy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, Neurosurgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gençer Genç
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Güllüoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Medical Park İzmir Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dilcan Kotan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Hüseyin A Şahin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ersin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Topçu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esen Saka Topçuoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Akbostancı
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Koç
- Department of Neurology, Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ertan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Elibol
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Nazlı Başak
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey
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