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Tomuleasa C, Tigu AB, Munteanu R, Moldovan CS, Kegyes D, Onaciu A, Gulei D, Ghiaur G, Einsele H, Croce CM. Therapeutic advances of targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:201. [PMID: 39138146 PMCID: PMC11323831 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a category of transmembrane receptors, have gained significant clinical attention in oncology due to their central role in cancer pathogenesis. Genetic alterations, including mutations, amplifications, and overexpression of certain RTKs, are critical in creating environments conducive to tumor development. Following their discovery, extensive research has revealed how RTK dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis, with many cancer subtypes showing dependency on aberrant RTK signaling for their proliferation, survival and progression. These findings paved the way for targeted therapies that aim to inhibit crucial biological pathways in cancer. As a result, RTKs have emerged as primary targets in anticancer therapeutic development. Over the past two decades, this has led to the synthesis and clinical validation of numerous small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), now effectively utilized in treating various cancer types. In this manuscript we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the RTKs in the context of cancer. We explored the various alterations and overexpression of specific receptors across different malignancies, with special attention dedicated to the examination of current RTK inhibitors, highlighting their role as potential targeted therapies. By integrating the latest research findings and clinical evidence, we seek to elucidate the pivotal role of RTKs in cancer biology and the therapeutic efficacy of RTK inhibition with promising treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Silviu Moldovan
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Kegyes
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Leukemia, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Shi W, Fu Y, Wang Y. Downregulation of GLUT3 impairs STYK1/NOK-mediated metabolic reprogramming and proliferation in NIH-3T3 cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:527. [PMID: 34055092 PMCID: PMC8138895 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1)/novel oncogene with kinase domain (NOK) has been demonstrated to promote cell carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis, as well as to strengthen cellular aerobic glycolysis, which is considered to be a defining hallmark of cancer. As the carriers of glucose into cells, glucose transporters (GLUTs) are important participants in cellular glucose metabolism and even tumorigenesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of GLUTs in biological events caused by STYK1/NOK has not yet been reported. The present study assessed GLUT3 as a key transporter, and glucose consumption and lactate production assays revealed that downregulation of GLUT3 impaired STYK1/NOK-induced augmented glucose uptake and lactate production, and RT-qPCR and western blotting confirmed that GLUT3 knockdown attenuated the STYK1/NOK-induced increase in the expression levels of key enzymes implicated in glycolysis. Furthermore, MTT and Transwell assays demonstrated that STYK1/NOK-triggered cell proliferation and migration were also markedly decreased following knockdown of GLUT3. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that GLUT3 serves a prominent role in STYK1/NOK-driven aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation characteristics. These findings may provide a clue for the investigation of the oncogenic activity of STYK1/NOK and for the identification of potential tumor therapy targets associated with GLUT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Shi
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Yingze Wang
- Cell Engineering Laboratory, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Liu S, Jiang G, Zhai W, Yang L, Li M, Chang Z, Zhu B. NOK associates with c-Src and promotes c-Src-induced STAT3 activation and cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109762. [PMID: 32871210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is reported to regulate cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and thus plays a central role in development and carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrated the involvement of cellular Src (c-Src) tyrosine kinase in the activation of STAT3. Additionally, novel oncogene with kinase-domain (NOK), a receptor protein tyrosine kinase that involves in cell transformation and tumorigenesis, was found to activate STAT3 signaling by a JAK2-dependent mechanism. However, whether the existence of the interaction between c-Src/STAT3 and NOK/STAT3 signals is still unknown. In this study, we showed that NOK formed a complex with c-Src and facilitated the interaction between c-Src and STAT3. In the complex, NOK greatly elevated the c-Src-mediated STAT3 activation by increasing the phosphorylation level of STAT3 on Tyr705. Truncated and mutation experiments further demonstrated that the kinase activity was responsible for the synergistic effect of NOK and c-Src on STAT3 activation. In addition, NOK and c-Src synergistically promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, our results indicate that NOK associates with c-Src and promotes c-Src-induced STAT3 activation in a kinase-dependent manner. We proposed that the axis that NOK promoted c-Src-induced STAT3 activation is critical in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guancheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanli Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Bingtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Zhou C, Qian X, Hu M, Zhang R, Liu N, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Bai H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Ali D, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Tang J. STYK1 promotes autophagy through enhancing the assembly of autophagy-specific class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I. Autophagy 2019; 16:1786-1806. [PMID: 31696776 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1687212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy plays key roles in development, oncogenesis, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Autophagy-specific class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I (PtdIns3K-C1) is essential for autophagosome formation. However, the regulation of this complex formation requires further investigation. Here, we discovered that STYK1 (serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family, is a new upstream regulator of autophagy. We discovered that STYK1 facilitated autophagosome formation in human cells and zebrafish, which was characterized by elevated LC3-II and lowered SQSTM1/p62 levels and increased puncta formation by several marker proteins, such as ATG14, WIPI1, and ZFYVE1. Moreover, we observed that STYK1 directly binds to the PtdIns3K-C1 complex as a homodimer. The binding with this complex was promoted by Tyr191 phosphorylation, by means of which the kinase activity of STYK1 was elevated. We also demonstrated that STYK1 elevated the serine phosphorylation of BECN1, thereby decreasing the interaction between BECN1 and BCL2. Furthermore, we found that STYK1 preferentially facilitated the assembly of the PtdIns3K-C1 complex and was required for PtdIns3K-C1 complex kinase activity. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into autophagy induction and reveal evidence of novel crosstalk between the components of RTK signaling and autophagy. Abbreviations: AICAR: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; Bre A: brefeldin A; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK8/JNK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PIK3R4: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription PCR; RACK1: receptor for activated C kinase 1; RUBCN: rubicon autophagy regulator; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STYK1/NOK: serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; WIPI1: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1; ZFYVE1: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehong Qian
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Nanxi Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi`an Jiaotong University , Xi`an, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Bai
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Declan Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan, China
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The secret life of kinases: insights into non-catalytic signalling functions from pseudokinases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:665-681. [PMID: 28620028 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of the mechanisms by which pseudokinases, which comprise ∼10% of the human and mouse kinomes, mediate signal transduction has advanced rapidly with increasing structural, biochemical, cellular and genetic studies. Pseudokinases are the catalytically defective counterparts of conventional, active protein kinases and have been attributed functions as protein interaction domains acting variously as allosteric modulators of conventional protein kinases and other enzymes, as regulators of protein trafficking or localisation, as hubs to nucleate assembly of signalling complexes, and as transmembrane effectors of such functions. Here, by categorising mammalian pseudokinases based on their known functions, we illustrate the mechanistic diversity among these proteins, which can be viewed as a window into understanding the non-catalytic functions that can be exerted by conventional protein kinases.
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Chen MY, Zhang H, Jiang JX, Sun CY, Yu C, Tian S. Depletion of STYK1 inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development both in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14173-14181. [PMID: 27542675 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has been reported to be the second most common primary hepatic carcinoma worldwide, and very limited therapies are currently available. Serine threonine tyrosine kinase (STYK1), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, exhibits tumorigenicity in many types of cancers and is a potential therapeutic target for ICC. In this study, STYK1 was knocked down in the ICC cell lines HCCC-9810 and RBE via a lentivirus-mediated system using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Next, cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, tumor formation in nude mice, migration and invasion, and the expression levels of cell cycle proteins in Lv-sh STYK1- or Lv-sh Con-infected cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, colony formation evaluation, flow cytometry, tumor formation evaluation, wound scratch assay, transwell assay, and western blotting. The results indicated that depletion of STYK1 inhibits ICC development both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jian-Xin Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Cheng-Yi Sun
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - She Tian
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, 550001, China
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Orang AV, Safaralizadeh R, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Somi MH. Diagnostic relevance of overexpressed serine threonine tyrosine kinase/novel oncogene with kinase domain (STYK1/ NOK) mRNA in colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6685-9. [PMID: 25169509 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in gene expression levels or mutations of tyrosine kinases are detected in some human cancers. In this study, we examined whether serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1)/novel oncogene with kinase domain (NOK) is overexpressed in patients with colorectal cancer. We also examined the clinical relevance of STYK1/NOK expression in cancer tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS In tumor samples of patients with colorectal cancer and their matched non-cancerous samples, STYK1/NOK messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Associations between the expression levels of STYK1/NOK and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer were also assessed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Upregulation of STYK1/NOK was found in cancer tissues even at early stage of colorectal cancer compared to normal adjacent tissues. The optimal cutoff point of 0.198 the STYK1/NOK expression showed 0.78 sensitivity and 0.75 specificity for diagnosis. Overexpressed STYK1/NOK was correlated with tumor size but had no association with other clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that STYK1/NOK mRNA is widely expressed in the patients with colorectal cancer and suggest that inhibition of this molecule could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Valinezhad Orang
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
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Chen P, Li WM, Lu Q, Wang J, Yan XL, Zhang ZP, Li XF. Clinicopathologic features and prognostic implications of NOK/STYK1 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:402. [PMID: 24894011 PMCID: PMC4051150 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of novel oncogenic kinase (NOK), a member of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family, has been observed in several human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the clinic relevance of NOK expression in NSCLC remains unclear. Methods In this study, NOK expression in tumor cells was assessed using immunohistochemical methods in 191 patients with resected NSCLC. The association of NOK expression with clinicopathological parameters, including the Ki-67 labeling index (LI), was also evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of NOK expression on survival. Results Data showed that NOK was expressed in 75.4% and 14.1% of cancer lesions and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue, respectively. Out of all the clinicopathological factors analyzed, NOK expression was significantly correlated with the grade of tumor differentiation (P = 0.035), pTNM stage (P = 0.020), lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.005) and high Ki-67 LI (P < 0.001). NOK positive NSCLC patients had a significantly shorter survival time (P = 0.004, Log-rank test) and the prognostic significance of NOK expression was apparent in squamous cell carcinoma patients (P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis indicated that NOK expression may be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.731; P = 0.043). Conclusions Our results indicate that NOK expression is of clinical significance and can serve as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Long Yan
- Department of thoracic surgery, Tangdu hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Ding X, Jiang QB, Li R, Chen S, Zhang S. NOK/STYK1 has a strong tendency towards forming aggregates and colocalises with epidermal growth factor receptor in endosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:468-73. [PMID: 22516751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that the overexpression of Novel Oncogene with Kinase-domain (NOK)/STYK1 led to cellular transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. This report characterises the subcellular distribution of NOK in HeLa cells and its localisation in early endosomes. Confocal immunolocalisation studies indicated that NOK had structural subtypes and was distributed into two distinct expression patterns: a dot pattern (DP) and an aggregation pattern (AP). The results of an immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of pathological tissues also showed that high expression level of endogenous NOK was expressed in an aggregate-like structure in vivo. Importantly, we found that NOK was localised in endosomes and colocalised with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in activated endosomal vesicles. However, as the stimulation time increased, NOK and EGFR began to progress through different pathways. EGFR was gradually degraded after treatment with EGF for approximately 20 min, whereas NOK levels were not reduced. This result suggests that NOK mainly plays a role in facilitating the trafficking of EGFR from early endosomes to later endosomes/lysosomes. Taken together, NOK has a strong tendency towards forming aggregates, which may have physiological implications and provide the first evidence that this novel receptor kinase is colocalised with EGFR in endosomes to participate in a post-internalisation step of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Jung HJ, Kim S, Kim YJ, Kim MK, Kang SG, Lee JH, Kim W, Cha SS. Dissection of the dimerization modes in the DJ-1 superfamily. Mol Cells 2012; 33:163-71. [PMID: 22228183 PMCID: PMC3887719 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The DJ-1 superfamily (DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily) is distributed across all three kingdoms of life. These proteins are involved in a highly diverse range of cellular functions, including chaperone and protease activity. DJ-1 proteins usually form dimers or hexamers in vivo and show at least four different binding orientations via distinct interface patches. Abnormal oligomerization of human DJ-1 is related to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease, suggesting important functional roles of quaternary structures. However, the quaternary structures of the DJ-1 superfamily have not been extensively studied. Here, we focus on the diverse oligomerization modes among the DJ-1 superfamily proteins and investigate the functional roles of quaternary structures both computationally and experimentally. The oligomerization modes are classified into 4 types (DJ-1, YhbO, Hsp, and YDR types) depending on the distinct interface patches (I-IV) upon dimerization. A unique, rotated interface via patch I is reported, which may potentially be related to higher order oligomerization. In general, the groups based on sequence similarity are consistent with the quaternary structural classes, but their biochemical functions cannot be directly inferred using sequence information alone. The observed phyletic pattern suggests the dynamic nature of quaternary structures in the course of evolution. The amino acid residues at the interfaces tend to show lower mutation rates than those of non-interfacial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Jong Jung
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan 426-744,
Korea
- Present address: Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang 431-810,
Korea
| | - Sangok Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Yun Jae Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan 426-744,
Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan 426-744,
Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan 426-744,
Korea
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333,
Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan 426-744,
Korea
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333,
Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan 426-744,
Korea
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333,
Korea
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Abstract
The detailed characterization of the function of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) may provide insight into the molecular basis of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) because mutations in LRRK2 cause a phenotype with strong overlap to typical late-onset disease and LRRK2 mutations are responsible for significant proportions of PD in some populations. The complexity of large multidomain protein kinases such as LRRK2 challenges traditional functional approaches, although initial studies have successfully defined the basic mechanisms of enzyme activity with respect to the putative effects of pathogenic mutations on kinase activity. The role of LRRK2 in cells remains elusive, with potential function in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, protein translation control, programmed cell death pathways and activity in cytoskeleton dynamics. The initial focus on LRRK2-kinase-dependent phenomena places emphasis on the discovery of LRRK2 kinase substrates, although candidate substrates are so far confined to in vitro assays. Here, hypothetical mechanisms for LRRK2-mediated cell death and kinase activation are proposed. As a promising target for neuroprotection strategies in PD, in vitro and in vivo models that accurately demonstrate LRRK2's function relevant to neurodegeneration will aide in the identification of molecules with the highest chance of success in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Webber
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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