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Alves de Souza Rios L, Mapekula L, Mdletshe N, Chetty D, Mowla S. HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription (Tat) Co-operates With AP-1 Factors to Enhance c-MYC Transcription. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693706. [PMID: 34277639 PMCID: PMC8278106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection often leads to the development of co-morbidities including cancer. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most over-represented non-Hodgkin lymphoma among HIV-infected individuals, and displays a highly aggressive phenotype in this population group, with comparatively poorer outcomes, despite these patients being on anti-retroviral therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that the molecular pathogenesis of HIV-associated malignancies is unique, with components of the virus playing an active role in driving oncogenesis, and in order to improve patient prognosis and treatment, a better understanding of disease pathobiology and progression is needed. In this study, we found HIV-1 Tat to be localized within the tumor cells of BL patients, and enhanced expression of oncogenic c-MYC in these cells. Using luciferase reporter assays we show that HIV-1 Tat enhances the c-MYC gene promoter activity and that this is partially mediated via two AP-1 binding elements located at positions -1128 and -1375 bp, as revealed by mutagenesis experiments. We further demonstrate, using pull-down assays, that Tat can exist within a protein complex with the AP-1 factor JunB, and that this complex can bind these AP-1 sites within the c-MYC promoter, as shown by in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Therefore, these findings show that in HIV-infected individuals, Tat infiltrates B-cells, where it can enhance the expression of oncogenic factors, which contributes toward the more aggressive disease phenotype observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lungile Mapekula
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nontlantla Mdletshe
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dharshnee Chetty
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shaheen Mowla
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Yuan Y, Zhou C, Yang Q, Ma S, Wang X, Guo X, Ding Y, Tang J, Zeng Y, Li D. HIV-1 Tat protein inhibits the hematopoietic support function of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Virus Res 2019; 273:197756. [PMID: 31521762 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most HIV-1-infected patients experience hematopoiesis suppression complications. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are involved in regulation of hematopoietic homeostasis, so we investigated the role of Tat, a protein released by infected cells in bone marrow and impacted differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells, in the BMSC hematopoietic support function. BMSCs were treated with HIV-1 Tat protein (BMSCTat-p), transfected with HIV-1 Tat mRNA (BMSCTat-m) or treated with solvent (PBS) (BMSCcon) for 20 days. Then, the hematopoietic support function of BMSCTat-p, BMSCTat-m and BMSCcon was analyzed via ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) grown on the BMSCs and via in vivo cotransplantation of HSCs and BMSCs. In addition, the hematopoiesis-supporting gene expression patterns of BMSCTat-p, BMSCTat-m and BMSCcon were compared. The results showed that BMSCTat-p and BMSCTat-m displayed reduced expansion, a decline in the number of colony forming units (CFUs) and a decreased proportion of the primitive subpopulation of hematopoietic stem cells under coculture conditions compared with BMSCcon. The ability of BMSCTat-p to support hematopoietic recovery was also impaired, which was further confirmed by the patterns in gene expression analysis. In conclusion, Tat treatment reduced the function of BMSCs in hematopoietic support, likely by downregulating the expression of a series of hematopoietic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 S. Renmin Rd., Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Chunfang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Shinan Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 S. Renmin Rd., Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 S. Renmin Rd., Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 S. Renmin Rd., Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 S. Renmin Rd., Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Junming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 S. Renmin Rd., Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 S. Renmin Rd., Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
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Jia Y, Si W, Hong Z, Qu M, Zhu N, Liu S, Li G. Toll-like receptor 2-mediated induction of avian β-defensin 9 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its cellular components in chicken intestinal epithelial cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1593325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Jia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Hong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianhua Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siguo Liu
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Meade KG, O'Farrelly C. β-Defensins: Farming the Microbiome for Homeostasis and Health. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3072. [PMID: 30761155 PMCID: PMC6362941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse commensal populations are now regarded as key to physiological homeostasis and protection against disease. Although bacteria are the most abundant component of microbiomes, and the most intensively studied, the microbiome also consists of viral, fungal, archael, and protozoan communities, about which comparatively little is known. Host-defense peptides (HDPs), originally described as antimicrobial, now have renewed significance as curators of the pervasive microbial loads required to maintain homeostasis and manage microbiome diversity. Harnessing HDP biology to transition away from non-selective, antibiotic-mediated treatments for clearance of microbes is a new paradigm, particularly in veterinary medicine. One family of evolutionarily conserved HDPs, β-defensins which are produced in diverse combinations by epithelial and immune cell populations, are multifunctional cationic peptides which manage the cross-talk between host and microbes and maintain a healthy yet dynamic equilibrium across mucosal systems. They are therefore key gatekeepers to the oral, respiratory, reproductive and enteric tissues, preventing pathogen-associated inflammation and disease and maintaining physiological normality. Expansions in the number of genes encoding these natural antibiotics have been described in the genomes of some species, the functional significance of which has only recently being appreciated. β-defensin expression has been documented pre-birth and disruptions in their regulation may play a role in maladaptive neonatal immune programming, thereby contributing to subsequent disease susceptibility. Here we review recent evidence supporting a critical role for β-defensins as farmers of the pervasive and complex prokaryotic ecosystems that occupy all body surfaces and cavities. We also share some new perspectives on the role of β-defensins as sensors of homeostasis and the immune vanguard particularly at sites of immunological privilege where inflammation is attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran G. Meade
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Park MS, Kim JI, Lee I, Park S, Bae JY, Park MS. Towards the Application of Human Defensins as Antivirals. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:242-254. [PMID: 29310427 PMCID: PMC5933891 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that participate in the innate immunity of hosts. Humans constitutively and/or inducibly express α- and β-defensins, which are known for their antiviral and antibacterial activities. This review describes the application of human defensins. We discuss the extant experimental results, limited though they are, to consider the potential applicability of human defensins as antiviral agents. Given their antiviral effects, we propose that basic research be conducted on human defensins that focuses on RNA viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and dengue virus (DENV), which are considered serious human pathogens but have posed huge challenges for vaccine development for different reasons. Concerning the prophylactic and therapeutic applications of defensins, we then discuss the applicability of human defensins as antivirals that has been demonstrated in reports using animal models. Finally, we discuss the potential adjuvant-like activity of human defensins and propose an exploration of the ‘defensin vaccine’ concept to prime the body with a controlled supply of human defensins. In sum, we suggest a conceptual framework to achieve the practical application of human defensins to combat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Aksoy O, Parlak E, Parlak M, Aksoy H. Serum β-Defensin-2 Levels and Their Relationship with the Clinical Course and Prognosis in Patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25:163-8. [PMID: 26539993 PMCID: PMC5588343 DOI: 10.1159/000442177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the clinical course and prognosis of serum levels of β-defensin-2 (BD-2) in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology of the Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, were considered for inclusion in this study. The patients had positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results of the CCHF virus. There were 60 patients with CCHF in the study group and 25 healthy participants in the control group. Serum BD-2 levels were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using the Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Of the 60 patients, 6 (10%) died and 54 (90%) were discharged following their recovery. The mean BD-2 level of the patient group was significantly higher (4,180.30 ± 3,944.19 pg/ml) than that of the control group (964.45 ± 266.07 pg/ml; p = 0.001). Serum BD-2 levels of the patients with fatal (1,529.81 ± 1,028.14) and nonfatal disease (4,474.80 ± 4,041.58) differed, but this difference showed only borderline significance (p = 0.055). The mean BD-2 level of the severe group was 5,507.45 ± 4,327.06 pg/ml, while it was 3,611.52 ± 3,676.73 pg/ml in the mild/moderate group, and both were significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, the expression of serum BD-2 was raised in patients with CCHF, and this increase may beneficially affect survival. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the association of serum BD-2 with CCHF prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Aksoy
- Balıklı Göl State Hospital, Urfa, and Departments of, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emine Parlak
- Medical Biochemistry, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum, Turkey
- *Dr. Emine Parlak, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Atatük University School of Medicine, University street 2506, TR-25070 Erzurum (Turkey), E-Mail
| | - Mehmet Parlak
- Medical Biochemistry, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hülya Aksoy
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Pellett Madan R, Masson L, Tugetman J, Werner L, Grobler A, Mlisana K, Lo Y, Che D, Arnold KB, Karim SSA, Passmore JAS, Herold BC. Innate Antibacterial Activity in Female Genital Tract Secretions Is Associated with Increased Risk of HIV Acquisition. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1153-9. [PMID: 26061218 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and levels of human β defensin (HBD)-2 in genital tract secretions predicted HIV acquisition in women in the HPTN 035 trial. We investigated whether higher levels of E. coli inhibitory activity and antimicrobial peptides in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples predicted HIV acquisition in women in the CAPRISA 002 Acute Infection Study. E. coli inhibitory activity and antimicrobial peptides were quantified in CVL from a subset of CAPRISA 002 participants who did not seroconvert (n=39) and from seroconverting women prior to infection (n=17) and during acute infection (n=11). Women who acquired HIV had significantly greater preinfection CVL E. coli inhibitory activity (p=0.01) and HBD-1 levels (p=0.02) compared to women who remained uninfected. Preinfection E. coli inhibitory activity remained significantly associated with seroconversion following adjustment for the presence of bacterial vaginosis (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07, 1.97). Partial least squares discriminant analysis confirmed that preinfection CVL E. coli inhibitory activity, together with higher CVL concentrations of HBD-1 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, distinguished seroconverters from nonseroconverters with 67% calibration accuracy. CVL concentrations of human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1-3 increased significantly with acute infection (p=0.001) and correlated with plasma viral set point (r=0.66, p=0.03). E. coli inhibitory activity in genital tract secretions could provide a biomarker of HIV risk. The correlation between HNP 1-3 and viral set point merits further investigation of the relationship between mucosal inflammation during early HIV infection and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindi Masson
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Jessica Tugetman
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Lise Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Anneke Grobler
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Koleka Mlisana
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa
| | - Yungtai Lo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Denise Che
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jo-Ann S. Passmore
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Beaupere C, Garcia M, Larghero J, Fève B, Capeau J, Lagathu C. The HIV proteins Tat and Nef promote human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell senescence and alter osteoblastic differentiation. Aging Cell 2015; 14:534-46. [PMID: 25847297 PMCID: PMC4531068 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain bone mass turnover and bone mineral density (BMD), bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are constantly recruited and subsequently differentiated into osteoblasts. HIV-infected patients present lower BMD than non-HIV infected individuals and a higher prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis. In antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive patients, encoded HIV proteins represent pathogenic candidates. They are released by infected cells within BM and can impact on neighbouring cells. In this study, we tested whether HIV proteins Tat and/or Nef could induce senescence of human BM-MSCs and reduce their capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts. When compared to nontreated cells, MSCs chronically treated with Tat and/or Nef up to 30 days reduced their proliferative activity and underwent early senescence, associated with increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The antioxidant molecule N-acetyl- cysteine had no or minimal effects on Tat- or Nef-induced senescence. Tat but not Nef induced an early increase in NF-κB activity and cytokine/chemokine secretion. Tat-induced effects were prevented by the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide, indicating that Tat triggered senescence via NF-κB activation leading to oxidative stress. Otherwise, Nef- but not Tat-treated cells displayed early inhibition of autophagy. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, reversed Nef-induced senescence and oxidative stress. Moreover, Tat+Nef had cumulative effects. Finally, Tat and/or Nef decreased the MSC potential of osteoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, our in vitro data show that Tat and Nef could reduce the number of available precursors by inducing MSC senescence, through either enhanced inflammation or reduced autophagy. These results offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of decreased BMD in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Beaupere
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- INSERM; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition; Paris France
| | - Marie Garcia
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- INSERM; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition; Paris France
| | - Jerome Larghero
- Inserm; UMR1160; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie; Hôpital Saint-Louis; 75010 Paris France
- AP-HP; Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et CIC de Biothérapies; Hôpital Saint Louis; Paris France
- Univ Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité F-75475 Paris France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- INSERM; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition; Paris France
- APHP; Hôpital Saint-Antoine; F-75012 Paris France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- INSERM; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition; Paris France
- APHP; Hôpital Tenon; F-75020 Paris France
| | - Claire Lagathu
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- INSERM; UMR_S 938; CDR Saint-Antoine F-75012 Paris France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition; Paris France
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Youn GS, Kwon DJ, Ju SM, Rhim H, Bae YS, Choi SY, Park J. Celastrol ameliorates HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses via NF-kappaB and AP-1 inhibition and heme oxygenase-1 induction in astrocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:42-52. [PMID: 25064159 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat causes extensive neuroinflammation that may progress to AIDS-related encephalitis and dementia. Celastrol possesses various biological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of celastrol on HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action in astrocytes. Pre-treatment of CRT-MG human astroglioma cells with celastrol significantly inhibited HIV-1 Tat-induced expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness in CRT-MG cells. In addition, celastrol suppressed HIV-1 Tat-induced expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as CXCL10, IL-8, and MCP-1. Celastrol decreased HIV-1 Tat-induced activation of JNK MAPK, AP-1, and NF-κB. Furthermore, celastrol induced mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 as well as Nrf2 activation. Blockage of HO-1 expression using siRNA reversed the inhibitory effect of celastrol on HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses. These results suggest that celastrol has regulatory effects on HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the JNK MAPK-AP-1/NF-κB signaling pathways and inducing HO-1 expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Soo Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mi Ju
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangshuk Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
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Paeoniflorin Upregulates β-Defensin-2 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Through the p38 MAPK, ERK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2014; 37:1468-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The implementation of new antiretroviral therapies targeting transcription of early viral proteins in postintegrated HIV-1 can aid in overcoming current therapy limitations. Using high-throughput screening assays, we have previously described a novel Tat-dependent HIV-1 transcriptional inhibitor named 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (6BIO). The screening of 6BIO derivatives yielded unique compounds that show potent inhibition of HIV-1 transcription. We have identified a second-generation derivative called 18BIOder as an inhibitor of HIV-1 Tat-dependent transcription in TZM-bl cells and a potent inhibitor of GSK-3β kinase in vitro. Structurally, 18BIOder is half the molecular weight and structure of its parental compound, 6BIO. More importantly, we also have found a different GSK-3β complex present only in HIV-1-infected cells. 18BIOder preferentially inhibits this novel kinase complex from infected cells at nanomolar concentrations. Finally, we observed that neuronal cultures treated with Tat protein are protected from Tat-mediated cytotoxicity when treated with 18BIOder. Overall, our data suggest that HIV-1 Tat-dependent transcription is sensitive to small-molecule inhibition of GSK-3β.
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12
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Identifying chemicals with potential therapy of HIV based on protein-protein and protein-chemical interaction network. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65207. [PMID: 23762317 PMCID: PMC3675210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a severe infectious disease that causes a large number of deaths every year. Traditional anti-AIDS drugs directly targeting the HIV-1 encoded enzymes including reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (PR) and integrase (IN) usually suffer from drug resistance after a period of treatment and serious side effects. In recent years, the emergence of numerous useful information of protein-protein interactions (PPI) in the HIV life cycle and related inhibitors makes PPI a new way for antiviral drug intervention. In this study, we identified 26 core human proteins involved in PPI between HIV-1 and host, that have great potential for HIV therapy. In addition, 280 chemicals that interact with three HIV drugs targeting human proteins can also interact with these 26 core proteins. All these indicate that our method as presented in this paper is quite promising. The method may become a useful tool, or at least plays a complementary role to the existing method, for identifying novel anti-HIV drugs.
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Ryu SE, Hendrickson WA. Structure and design of broadly-neutralizing antibodies against HIV. Mol Cells 2012; 34:231-7. [PMID: 22736269 PMCID: PMC3823542 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery more than 30 years ago of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of the deadly disease, acquired immune deficiency disease (AIDS), there have been no efficient vaccines against the virus. For the infection of the virus, the HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 first recognizes the CD4 receptor on the target helper T-cell, which initiates HIV fusion with the target cell and, if unchecked, leads to destruction of the patient's immune system. Despite the difficulty of developing appropriate immune responses in HIV-infected individuals, patient sera often contain antibodies that have broad neutralization activity, indicating the possibility of immunological treatment and prevention. Recently, through extensive structural studies of neutralizing antibodies of HIV in complex with gp120, the critical mechanisms of broad neutralization against HIV have been elucidated. Based on these discoveries, the structure-aided designs of antibodies and novel scaffolds were performed to create extremely potent neutralizing antibodies against HIV. These new discoveries and advances shed light on the road to development of efficient immunological therapies against AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eon Ryu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-070,
Korea
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-070,
Korea
| | - Wayne A. Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032,
USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032,
USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032,
USA
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