1
|
Pan Q, Lu K, Luo J, Jiang Y, Xia B, Chen L, Wang M, Dai R, Chen T. Japanese medaka Olpax6.1 mutant as a potential model for spondylo-ocular syndrome. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:168. [PMID: 37204625 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
pax6 is a canonic master gene for eye formation. Knockout of pax6 affects the development of craniofacial skeleton and eye in mice. Whether pax6 affects the development of spinal bone has not been reported yet. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate Olpax6.1 mutant in Japanese medaka. Phenotype analysis showed that ocular mutation caused by the Olpax6.1 mutation occurred in the homozygous mutant. The phenotype of heterozygotes is not significantly different from that of wild-type. In addition, knockout Olpax6.1 resulted in severe curvature of the spine in the homozygous F2 generation. Comparative transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that the defective Olpax6.1 protein caused a decrease in the expression level of sp7, col10a1a, and bglap, while the expression level of xylt2 did not change significantly. The functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database showed that the DEGs between Olpax6.1 mutation and wild-type were enriched in p53 signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM) -receptor interaction, et al. Our results indicated that the defective Olpax6.1 protein results in the reduction of sp7 expression level and the activation of p53 signaling pathway, which leads to a decrease in the expression of genes encoding ECM protein, such as collagen protein family and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein, which further inhibits bone development. Based on the phenotype and molecular mechanism of ocular mutation and spinal curvature induced by Olpax6.1 knockout, we believe that the Olpax6.1-/- mutant could be a potential model for the study of spondylo-ocular syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Pan
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Junzhi Luo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuewen Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bilin Xia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Ronggui Dai
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Tiansheng Chen
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Li X, Han R, Wu M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li Y. Therapeutic Potential of Chinese Medicine for Endogenous Neurogenesis: A Promising Candidate for Stroke Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050706. [PMID: 37242489 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. Extensive preclinical studies have shown that neural-stem-cell-based treatments have great therapeutic potential for stroke. Several studies have confirmed that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can protect and maintain the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells through different targets and mechanisms. Therefore, the use of Chinese medicines to activate and promote endogenous nerve regeneration and repair is a potential treatment option for stroke patients. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding neural stem cell strategies for ischemic strokes and the potential effects of these Chinese medicines on neuronal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaolei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhao Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tao Y, Cao J, Li M, Hoffmann B, Xu K, Chen J, Lu X, Guo F, Li X, Phillips MJ, Gamm DM, Chen H, Zhang SC. PAX6D instructs neural retinal specification from human embryonic stem cell-derived neuroectoderm. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50000. [PMID: 32700445 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX6 is essential for neural retina (NR) and forebrain development but how PAX6 instructs NR versus forebrain specification remains unknown. We found that the paired-less PAX6, PAX6D, is expressed in NR cells during human eye development and along human embryonic stem cell (hESC) specification to retinal cells. hESCs deficient for PAX6D failed to enter NR specification. Induced expression of PAX6D but not PAX6A in a PAX6-null background restored the NR specification capacity. ChIP-Seq, confirmed by functional assays, revealed a set of retinal genes and non-retinal neural genes that are potential targets of PAX6D, including WNT8B. Inhibition of WNTs or knocking down of WNT8B restored the NR specification capacity of neuroepithelia with PAX6D knockout, whereas activation of WNTs blocked NR specification even when PAX6D was induced. Thus, PAX6D specifies neuroepithelia to NR cells via the regulation of WNT8B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Tao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jingyuan Cao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Brianna Hoffmann
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangliang Guo
- Neurological Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Joseph Phillips
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M Gamm
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ryan BC, Lowe K, Hanson L, Gil T, Braun L, Howard PL, Chow RL. Mapping the Pax6 3' untranslated region microRNA regulatory landscape. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:820. [PMID: 30442116 PMCID: PMC6238409 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAX6 is a homeodomain transcription factor that acts in a highly dosage-sensitive manner to regulate the development and function of the eyes, nose, central nervous system, gut, and endocrine pancreas. Several individual microRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in regulating PAX6 in different cellular contexts, but a more general view of how they contribute to the fine-tuning and homeostasis of PAX6 is poorly understood. RESULTS Here, a comprehensive analysis of the Pax6 3' untranslated region was performed to map potential miRNA recognition elements and served as a backdrop for miRNA expression profiling experiments to identify potential cell/tissue-specific miRNA codes. Pax6 3'UTR pull-down studies identified a cohort of miRNA interactors in pancreatic αTC1-6 cells that, based on the spacing of their recognition sites in the Pax6 3'UTR, revealed 3 clusters where cooperative miRNA regulation may occur. Some of these interacting miRNAs have been implicated in α cell function but have not previously been linked to Pax6 function and may therefore represent novel PAX6 regulators. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a regulatory landscape upon which miRNAs may participate in the developmental control, fine-tuning and/or homeostasis of PAX6 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget C. Ryan
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| | - Kieran Lowe
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| | - Laura Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| | - Talveen Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| | - Lauren Braun
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| | - Perry L. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Robert L. Chow
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu S, Sun C, Miao C, Zhao Z. ERβ compensates for the absence of ERα function to promote osteoblast viability by inhibition of SOST signaling. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3387-3392. [PMID: 29042923 PMCID: PMC5639354 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) serve key functions in bone development and maintenance, and in the metabolism of bone mineral. ERβ and ERα form heterodimers, and ERβ negatively regulates the transactivation of ERα. ERβ also inhibits recruitment of ERα to the estrogen-responsive promoters. However, the relationship of ERα and ERβ in the regulation of osteoblast viability and differentiation remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether ERβ plays a role in balancing ERα activity in osteoblast cells. Downregulation of ERα by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was found to significantly increase cell cycle arrest at G1 phase (P<0.01). In addition, this effect was found to be significantly enhanced by downregulation of ERβ (P<0.05). Inversely, ERα-knocked down osteoblasts were treated with ERβ agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) to activate ERβ. It was found that activation of ERβ significantly rescued the arrest of cell cycle induced by the downregulation of ERα (P<0.05). Furthermore, downregulation of ERα was found to significantly inhibit cell viability (P<0.01), and knockdown of ERβ was found to have a significant synergic effect with ERα downregulation on the inhibition of cell viability (P<0.01). Treatment with ERβ agonist DPN significantly rescued the effects of downregulation of ERα on cell viability (P<0.01). It was also demonstrated that the synergic effects of ERα and ERβ deletion was via upregulation of SOST gene expression, and the subsequent inhibition of OPG and Runx2 gene expression. Thus, ERβ may serve a function in balancing osteoblast viability and differentiation induced by ERα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Changying Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Congxiu Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park BM, Kim EJ, Nam HJ, Zhang D, Bae CH, Kang M, Kim H, Lee W, Bogen B, Lim SK. Cyclized Oligopeptide Targeting LRP5/6-DKK1 Interaction Reduces the Growth of Tumor Burden in a Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:505-513. [PMID: 28332354 PMCID: PMC5368134 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) has been extensively investigated in mouse models of multiple myeloma, which results in osteolytic bone lesions. Elevated DKK1 levels in bone marrow plasma and serum inhibit the differentiation of osteoblast precursors. Present pharmaceutical approaches to target bone lesions are limited to antiresorptive agents. In this study, we developed a cyclized oligopeptide against DKK1-low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5/6 interaction and tested the effects of the oligopeptide on tumor burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cyclized oligopeptide based on DKK1-LRP5/6 interactions was synthesized chemically, and its nuclear magnetic resonance structure was assessed. Luciferase reporter assay and mRNA expressions of osteoblast markers were evaluated after oligopeptide treatment. MOPC315.BM.Luc cells were injected into the tail vein of mice, after which cyclized oligopeptide was delivered subcutaneously 6 days a week for 4 weeks. RESULTS The cyclized oligopeptide containing NXI motif bound to the E1 domain of LRP5/6 effectively on surface plasmon resonance analysis. It abrogated the Wnt-β-catenin signaling inhibited by DKK1, but not by sclerostin, dose dependently. RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase staining showed increased expressions of osteoblast markers according to the treatment concentrations. Bioluminescence images showed that the treatment of cyclized oligopeptide reduced tumor burden more in oligopeptide treated group than in the vehicle group. CONCLUSION The cyclized oligopeptide reported here may be another option for the treatment of tumor burden in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Park
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Nam
- Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chu Hyun Bae
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeongmo Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sung Kil Lim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reis AH, Moreno MM, Maia LA, Oliveira FP, Santos AS, Abreu JG. Cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains modulate Wnt/β-catenin morphogen gradient during Xenopus development. Mech Dev 2016; 142:30-39. [PMID: 27687541 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin has been described as crucial for dorsal-ventral and antero-posterior patterning, playing multiple roles at different stages of development. Cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains (CRMMs), cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains of the plasma membrane, are known as platforms for signaling pathways. Although we have demonstrated the importance of the CRMMs for head development, how they participate in prechordal plate formation and embryo axis patterning remains an open question. Moreover, the participation of the CRMMs in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity in vivo is unclear, particularly during embryonic development. In this study, we demonstrated that CRMMs disruption by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) potentiates the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo during embryonic development, causing head defects by expanding the Wnt expression domain. Furthermore, we also found that the action of CRMMs depends on the microenvironmental context because it also works in conjunction with dkk1, when dkk1 is overexpressed. Thus, we propose CRMMs as a further mechanism of prechordal plate protection against the Wnt signals secreted by posterolateral cells, complementing the action of secreted antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Moreno
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lorena A Maia
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andressa S Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - José Garcia Abreu
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spatz JM, Wein MN, Gooi JH, Qu Y, Garr JL, Liu S, Barry KJ, Uda Y, Lai F, Dedic C, Balcells-Camps M, Kronenberg HM, Babij P, Pajevic PD. The Wnt Inhibitor Sclerostin Is Up-regulated by Mechanical Unloading in Osteocytes in Vitro. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16744-58. [PMID: 25953900 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone responds to its mechanical environment, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of the skeleton to mechanical unloading are not completely understood. Osteocytes are the most abundant but least understood cells in bones and are thought to be responsible for sensing stresses and strains in bone. Sclerostin, a product of the SOST gene, is produced postnatally primarily by osteocytes and is a negative regulator of bone formation. Recent studies show that SOST is mechanically regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. During prolonged bed rest and immobilization, circulating sclerostin increases both in humans and in animal models, and its increase is associated with a decrease in parathyroid hormone. To investigate whether SOST/sclerostin up-regulation in mechanical unloading is a cell-autonomous response or a hormonal response to decreased parathyroid hormone levels, we subjected osteocytes to an in vitro unloading environment achieved by the NASA rotating wall vessel system. To perform these studies, we generated a novel osteocytic cell line (Ocy454) that produces high levels of SOST/sclerostin at early time points and in the absence of differentiation factors. Importantly, these osteocytes recapitulated the in vivo response to mechanical unloading with increased expression of SOST (3.4 ± 1.9-fold, p < 0.001), sclerostin (4.7 ± 0.1-fold, p < 0.001), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) (2.5 ± 0.7-fold, p < 0.001) ratio. These data demonstrate for the first time a cell-autonomous increase in SOST/sclerostin and RANKL/OPG ratio in the setting of unloading. Thus, targeted osteocyte therapies could hold promise as novel osteoporosis and disuse-induced bone loss treatments by directly modulating the mechanosensing cells in bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Spatz
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, Harvard-MIT Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Marc N Wein
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Jonathan H Gooi
- NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria 3065, Australia, and
| | - Yili Qu
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Jenna L Garr
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Shawn Liu
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Kevin J Barry
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Yuhei Uda
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Forest Lai
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Christopher Dedic
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Mercedes Balcells-Camps
- Harvard-MIT Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, Bioengineering Department, Institut Quimic de Sarria, Ramon Llull University, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | | | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- From the Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shahi MH, Holt R, Rebhun RB. Blocking signaling at the level of GLI regulates downstream gene expression and inhibits proliferation of canine osteosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96593. [PMID: 24810746 PMCID: PMC4014515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog-GLI signaling pathway is active in a variety of human malignancies and is known to contribute to the growth and survival of human osteosarcoma cells. In this study, we examined the expression and regulation of GLI transcription factors in multiple canine osteosarcoma cell lines and analyzed the effects of inhibiting GLI with GANT61, a GLI-specific inhibitor. Compared with normal canine osteoblasts, real-time PCR showed that GLI1 and GLI2 were highly expressed in two out of three cell lines and correlated with downstream target gene expression of PTCH1and PAX6. Treatment of canine osteosarcoma cells with GANT61 resulted in decreased expression of GLI1, GLI2, PTCH1, and PAX6. Furthermore, GANT61 inhibited proliferation and colony formation in all three canine osteosarcoma cell lines. The finding that GLI signaling activity is present and active in canine osteosarcoma cells suggests that spontaneously arising osteosarcoma in dogs might serve as a good model for future preclinical testing of GLI inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hayat Shahi
- The Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Roseline Holt
- The Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- The Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fernandes-Lima ZS, Paixão-Côrtes VR, Andrade AKMD, Fernandes AS, Coronado BNL, Monte Filho HP, Santos MJ, Omena Filho RLD, Biondi FC, Ruiz-Linares A, Ramallo V, Hünemeier T, Schuler-Faccini L, Monlleó IL. Ocular and craniofacial phenotypes in a large Brazilian family with congenital aniridia. Clin Genet 2014; 87:68-73. [PMID: 24266705 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by varying degrees of iris hypoplasia that are associated with additional ocular abnormalities. More than 90% of the causal mutations identified are found in the PAX6 gene, a transcription factor of critical importance in the process of neurogenesis and ocular development. Here, we investigate clinical, molecular, and craniofacial features of a large Brazilian family with congenital aniridia. Among the 56 eyes evaluated, phenotype variation encompassed bilateral total aniridia to mild iris defects with extensive variation between eyes of the same individual. PAX6 molecular screening indicated a heterozygous splice mutation (c.141 + 1G>A). Thus, we hypothesize that this splicing event may cause variation in the expression of the wild-type transcript, which may lead to the observed variation in phenotype. Affected individuals were more brachycephalic, even though their face height and cephalic circumference were not significantly different when compared to those of non-affected relatives. From this, we infer that the head shape of affected subjects may also be a result of the PAX6 splice-site mutation. Our data summarize the clinical variability associated with the ocular phenotype in a large family with aniridia, and help shed light on the role of PAX6 in neurocranial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z S Fernandes-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; gINAGEMP - Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|