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Hovmand N, Byberg S, Larsen MB, Podlekareva D, Buck DL, Hansen BR. Necrotizing fasciitis and meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 9 N: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:358. [PMID: 31035964 PMCID: PMC6489194 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotizing fasciitis is a deep infection of the fascia and subcutaneous tissue with a high mortality rate. Meningitis is an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain with a likewise high mortality rate. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis and it is an extremely rare cause of necrotizing fasciitis. Different subcapsular serotypes of S. pneumoniae are known to have diverse virulence. The serotype 9 N is associated with a high risk of death. Case presentation We report a case of a previously healthy 68-year-old female who presented at our clinic with complaints of pain in her left calf since having experienced a very painful leg cramp 3 weeks prior. Within a few hours after admission, she developed fever, neck stiffness and an altered mental state. Concurrently, the pain in her leg worsened. Upon further examination it was found that she suffered from both meningitis and necrotizing fasciitis due to S. pneumoniae, serotype 9 N. The patient survived and avoided leg amputation. Conclusions The patient suffered from two very lethal infections simultaneously. Both of them were caused by S. pneumoniae. We believe that her favorable outcome was, a result of prompt surgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic treatment. Our case underlines the importance of continuous reevaluation of the symptoms and clinical findings in patients with unclear causes of severe illness, especially if the patient’s condition changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Hovmand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Sarah Byberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Morten Bo Larsen
- Department of Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Daria Podlekareva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - David Levarett Buck
- Department of Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Rønde Hansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Bragazzi NL, Watad A, Sharif K, Adawi M, Aljadeff G, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Advances in our understanding of immunization and vaccines for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:939-949. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1361321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Departement of Medicine ‘B’, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kassem Sharif
- Departement of Medicine ‘B’, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mohammad Adawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Gali Aljadeff
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Departement of Medicine ‘B’, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Departement of Medicine ‘B’, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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3
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Case Report of Necrotizing Fasciitis Associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 2016:6872739. [PMID: 27366176 PMCID: PMC4904562 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6872739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is an extremely rare and life-threatening bacterial soft tissue infection. We report a case of early necrotizing fasciitis associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a 26-year-old man who was immunocompromised with mixed connective tissue disease. The patient presented with acute, painful, erythematous, and edematous skin lesions of his right lower back, which rapidly progressed to the right knee. The patient underwent surgical exploration, and a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was confirmed by pathological evidence of necrosis of the fascia and neutrophil infiltration in tissue biopsies. Cultures of fascial tissue biopsies and blood samples were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of necrotizing fasciitis resulting from Streptococcus pneumoniae diagnosed at early phase; the patient recovered well without surgical debridement.
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Sánchez A, Robaina R, Pérez G, Cairoli E. Streptococcus pneumoniae necrotizing fasciitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2015; 25:423-6. [PMID: 26453662 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315611498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive destructive soft tissue infection with high mortality. Streptococcus pneumoniae as etiologic agent of necrotizing fasciitis is extremely unusual. The increased susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is probably a multifactorial phenomenon. We report a case of a patient, a 36-year-old Caucasian female with 8-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus who presented a fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae necrotizing fasciitis. The role of computed tomography and the high performance of blood cultures for isolation of the causative microorganism are emphasized. Once diagnosis is suspected, empiric antibiotic treatment must be prescribed and prompt surgical exploration is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Clínica Médica "C", Prof. Dr. Juan Alonso Bao, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Robaina
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Clínica Médica "C", Prof. Dr. Juan Alonso Bao, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Pérez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Clínica Médica "C", Prof. Dr. Juan Alonso Bao, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Cairoli
- Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Clínica Médica "C", Prof. Dr. Juan Alonso Bao, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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5
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Tung Chen Y, Isenberg D. Necrotising fasciitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and literature review. Lupus Sci Med 2014; 1:e000008. [PMID: 25396059 PMCID: PMC4225728 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2014-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a rare infection of the subcutaneous tissue, known to be rapidly progressive and potentially fatal. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be predisposed to this condition, and early clinical recognition can be difficult. We report a case of necrotising fasciitis in a 26-year-old woman with SLE. She presented with painful swelling of her left leg, then developed clinical features of septic shock. Emergency debridement was performed. Intraoperative findings revealed NF and cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient survived after a lengthy hospital admission, following several further debridements complicated by recurrent chest sepsis and multiorgan failure. We also review and discuss the published cases of NF in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tung Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine , University and Polytechnic Hospital of la Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - D Isenberg
- Department of Medicine , Centre for Rheumatology, University College of London , London , UK
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A case of necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 5 in Saskatchewan. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2011; 19:69-71. [PMID: 19145265 DOI: 10.1155/2008/246468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare and grave condition, and only a few cases have been reported. Suggested risk factors include minor trauma, systemic lupus erythematosus, immunosuppression secondary to medication, use of intramuscular anti-inflammatories and alcoholism. A fatal case of pneumococcal necrotizing fasciitis that occurred in a 51-year-old woman with a history of alcohol abuse and oral anti-inflammatory use is presented. Her condition was caused by a multi-etiology outbreak of community-acquired pneumonia, from which S pneumoniae serotype 5 was also isolated. The case description outlines the subtle presentation and rapid clinical progression of this condition. Because serotype 5 antigen is included in the polysaccharide 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, the present case highlights the importance of pneumococcal immunization programs in Canada.
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Fascitis necrosante producida por Streptococcus pneumoniae. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 136:176-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Park SY, Park SY, Moon SY, Son JS, Lee MS. Fatal necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae: a case report. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:131-4. [PMID: 21218041 PMCID: PMC3012837 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is known to be a highly lethal infection of deep-seated subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. Reports of necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae are exceedingly rare. We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis in a 62-yr-old man with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. He presented with painful swelling of left leg and right hand. On the day of admission, compartment syndrome was aggravated and the patient underwent surgical exploration. Intra-operative findings revealed necrotizing fasciitis and cultures of two blood samples and wound aspirates showed S. pneumoniae. The patient died despite debridement and proper antimicrobial treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of fatal necrotizing fasciitis with meningitis reported in Korea. We also review and discuss the literature on pneumococcal necrotizing fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-youn Moon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Seong Son
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin DS, Seo MR, Cho HJ, Choi HJ, Lee EB, Baek HJ. Two Cases of Necrotizing Fasciitis in Patients with SLE. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2011. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2011.18.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-su Shin
- Division of Rheumatology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi-ryeong Seo
- Division of Rheumatology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyung-jeong Cho
- Division of Rheumatology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyo-jin Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-joo Baek
- Division of Rheumatology, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
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Mylle M, Goubau J, Bourgeois M, Vandecasteele SJ. Necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in a healthy 68-year old man: case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 2009; 64:452-4. [PMID: 19999397 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2009.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A case of pneumococcal necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) is described and 16 cases available in literature are reviewed. Pneumococcal NSTI seems to be the consequence of hematogeneous shedding of pneumococci, with frequent involvement of articulations. Furthermore, pneumococcal NSTI present like other NSTI, with a high mortality and the need for a combined surgical and medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mylle
- Internal Medicine, Leuven University Hospital, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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YAMASHIRO E, ASATO Y, TAIRA K, AWAZAWA R, YAMAMOTO YI, HAGIWARA K, TAMAKI H, UEZATO H. Necrotizing fasciitis caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae. J Dermatol 2009; 36:298-305. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamran M, Wachs J, Putterman C. Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008; 37:236-42. [PMID: 17570472 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon infection of the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. Any delay in treatment can lead to catastrophic results with high mortality. It is well known that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of infection, from the disease and/or its treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the presenting features of NF in SLE patients and to identify possible risk factors for this severe complication. METHODS We searched for patients with diagnoses of SLE and NF using a computerized patient database at Montefiore Medical Center (MMC), from 1996 to present. We also included patients from the MMC Lupus Clinic with these diagnoses (identified from paper records) from 1994 to present. Of a total of 449 patients with SLE that were followed during this time, 8 patients with NF were identified, and their records were reviewed. RESULTS Two of the 8 patients (25%) died during hospitalization. A third patient died within 2 months of hospital discharge. All 8 patients were receiving steroids at the time of diagnosis, and 7 of 8 had hypoalbuminemia and lymphopenia. Both patients who died in the hospital and the one patient who died within 2 months of her discharge had lupus nephritis. CONCLUSIONS NF is an uncommon infection, but one that must be recognized early if the outcome is to be favorable. This series of 8 cases of NF in SLE from a single institution suggests that heightened awareness is warranted, particularly among SLE patients who are immunosuppressed by virtue of their underlying disease, the therapy they require, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kamran
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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