1
|
Ganta N, Prasad A, Gupta V, Kochhar S, Pavuluri S, Ghodasara K, Cheriyath P. A Case Report of a Prevertebral Mass in an Elderly Male Post Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e28494. [PMID: 36185854 PMCID: PMC9514051 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by tissue infiltration by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate composed of T cells, activated B-cells, and plasma cells expressing IgG4 and has varied presentations with similar histopathology. It can involve visceral organs, glands, aorta, lymph nodes, and retroperitoneal tissue. In our case, a 68-year-old male with a past history of Hodgkin's lymphoma and in remission presented for investigation of polyclonal gammopathy. Serum electrophoresis showed increased free kappa light chains, free lambda light chains, and kappa lambda ratio; immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were also increased. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thoracic spine suggested a hypermetabolic prevertebral soft tissue density. Biopsy of the mass suggested IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). He also had a compression fracture of the T7 vertebra. He was started on intravenous methylprednisolone and rituximab, following which he had a significant decrease in the size of the mass along with a decline in the levels of IgG, kappa, and lambda chains.
Collapse
|
2
|
Characteristics of Adult Patients with Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Assessment of Risk of Relapse at Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071380. [PMID: 33808093 PMCID: PMC8038021 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare adult patients' characteristics suffering from idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis between "relapse-free" and relapsing patients at the diagnosis and identify factors associated with relapse at initial presentation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective multicentric study in four hospitals in Eastern France, from 1993 to 2020, of adult patients suffering from idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. We analyzed clinical, biological, and radiological features at diagnosis and during a forty-month follow-up. RESULTS Of 47 patients suffering from retroperitoneal fibrosis, 21 patients had idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Among them, 13 experienced one or more relapses during follow-up. At diagnosis, clinical characteristics, relevant comorbidities, biological and radiological features were similar between groups. Smoking cessation seems associated with decreased relapse risk (p: 0.0624). A total of 8 patients developed chronic renal failure during follow-up. Ureteral infiltration at diagnosis was associated with evolution to chronic renal failure (p: 0.0091). CONCLUSION No clinical, biological, or radiological features could predict relapse at retroperitoneal fibrosis diagnosis, but smoking cessation may prevent relapse.
Collapse
|
3
|
Razok A, Malik R, Cackamvalli P, Zahid M. IgG4 related disease as a cause of isolated retroperitoneal fibrosis with no other organ involvement; Case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 61:69-72. [PMID: 33408856 PMCID: PMC7773681 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the replacement of normal tissue with fibrosis and inflammation. We present the case of a 40-years-old gentleman with RPF whose presenting complaints were bilateral flank pain and weight loss and was found to have IgG4 related disease. To the best of our knowledge, IgG4-related disease with isolated retroperitoneal involvement is a very rare occurrence. Case presentation The diagnosis of IgG4-Related retroperitoneal fibrosis was made based on clinical, radiological and histopathological criteria. Imaging revealed isolated retroperitoneal involvement and the patient was started on oral steroids with a good clinical response after ten days. Repeated imaging months later showed significant regression in the fibrosis. Clinical discussion RPF can occur due to many etiologies and is categorized to idiopathic and secondary. Factors associated with secondary RPF include medications, autoimmune disease, malignancy and IgG4 related disease. Almost all the reported cases of IgG4 related disease had evidence of multifocal involvement such as the pancreas, aorta and kidneys. Our patient was diagnosed with isolated RPF due to IgG4 disease. He met all the suggested diagnostic criteria, was started on oral steroids and had an excellent clinical outcome. Conclusion IgG4 related disease can present with isolated retroperitoneal fibrosis without involvement of other organ systems. The diagnosis should be based on specific criteria. Treatment with corticosteroids can lead to remission both clinically and radiographically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almurtada Razok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O 3050, Doha, Qatar
- Corresponding author. Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical City, 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rubab Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O 3050, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández-Codina A, Orozco-Gálvez O, Martínez-Valle F. Therapeutic Options in IgG4-Related Disease. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-020-00147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
5
|
Raffiotta F, da Silva Escoli R, Quaglini S, Rognoni C, Sacchi L, Binda V, Messa P, Moroni G. Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: Long-term Risk and Predictors of Relapse. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 74:742-750. [PMID: 31204195 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) is a rare disorder of unknown cause. Medical therapy can induce remission, but disease relapses are common. This study sought to characterize long-term outcomes of IRF and the factors associated with disease recurrences. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Retrospective analysis of 50 patients with IRF prospectively followed up for 8.9 (IQR, 4.7-12.7) years at a tertiary-care referral center. EXPOSURES Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory parameters, including measures of autoimmunity. OUTCOME Disease relapse. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Proportional hazards analysis for the subdistribution of competing risks. RESULTS 49 patients received medical treatment and 35 underwent interventional procedures. All patients experienced a clinical response (defined as regression of disease-related symptoms and hydronephrosis, and decrease in the maximal transverse diameter of the retroperitoneal mass on computed tomography of >50%), 44 of whom responded within 1 year. The remaining 6 responded over a median of 2.95 years after starting therapy. 40 patients were alive at last observation, 1 receiving maintenance dialysis and 15 with estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60mL/min/1.73m2. Patient survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 95%, 84%, and 68%, respectively. 19 (38%) patients had at least 1 relapse (occurring a median of 5.19 years after starting therapy), defined as an increase in serum creatinine level of at least 30% or recurrence/development of hydronephrosis and ≥20% increase in the maximal transverse diameter of the retroperitoneal mass on computed tomography. Cumulative incidences of relapse at 5, 10, and 15 years were 21%, 41%, and 48%, respectively. Baseline antinuclear antibody positivity and male sex were associated with relapse (subdistribution hazard ratios [sHRs] of 5.35 [95% CI, 2.15-13.27] and 4.94 [95% CI, 1.32-18.57], respectively), while higher corticosteroid therapy dosage at 1 year (sHR for relapse per 1-mg/d greater dosage, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.84-0.98]) and treatment with prednisone alone or with tamoxifen (sHR for relapse of 0.25 [95% CI, 0.07-0.85] vs other therapies) were associated with lower rate of relapse. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and variable approaches to therapy. CONCLUSIONS IRF relapses were common and were experienced more frequently by male patients. Corticosteroids alone or with tamoxifen were associated with a lower rate of relapse. The strong association of antinuclear antibody positivity with relapse supports the hypothesis of an autoimmune pathogenesis of IRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Raffiotta
- Nephrology Unit, Fondazione Ca'Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Quaglini
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Rognoni
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Sacchi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Binda
- Nephrology Unit, Fondazione Ca'Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Nephrology Unit, Fondazione Ca'Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology Unit, Fondazione Ca'Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morin G, Mageau A, Benali K, Bertinchamp R, Piekarski E, Raimbourg Q, Alexandra JF, Goulenok T, van Gysel D, Papo T, Sacre K. Persistent FDG/PET CT uptake in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis helps identifying patients at a higher risk for relapse. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 62:67-71. [PMID: 30711361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of persistent retroperitoneal fibrosis FDG uptake using FDG/PET CT in patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF). METHODS In this monocentric retrospective cohort study, all patients admitted for IRF from January 2009 to December 2017 underwent a FDG/PET CT at diagnosis and during follow up. Metabolic activity of IRF was assessed by retroperitoneal fibrosis FDG uptake measured as maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The primary outcome was IRF relapse rate during follow-up. RESULTS 23 consecutive patients (54.7 [36.9-89] years, 73.9% of men) diagnosed with IRF had FDG/PET CT imaging performed at diagnosis, 3.1 [1-8.7] months (i.e 1st evaluation) and 10.4 [4.9-17.5] months (i.e 2nd evaluation) after diagnosis. High FDG retroperitoneal fibrosis uptake was present in all patients at diagnosis (SUVmax 6.5 [3.8-11.9]) and persisted in 16 (69.6%; SUVmax 3.65 [2.1-5.4]) and 12 (52.2%; SUVmax 3.75 [2.7-7.8]) patients, at 1st and 2nd evaluation respectively. All but one patient had received steroids at IRF diagnosis and 21 (91.3%) were in complete remission at both 1st and 2nd evaluation. During a median follow-up period of 38.7 [3-106.9] months, 6 (26.1%) patients suffered IRF relapse that occurred 15.7 [9.2-42.8] months after diagnosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only persistent retroperitoneal fibrosis FDG uptake at 2nd evaluation was associated with IRF relapse (p = .046). CONCLUSIONS In IRF, persistent retroperitoneal fibrosis FDG uptake during follow up is associated with clinical outcome. FDG/PET CT may help to better stratify the risk of relapse and target therapy in IRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Morin
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Arthur Mageau
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Benali
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Remi Bertinchamp
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Eve Piekarski
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Raimbourg
- Département de Nephrologie, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Francois Alexandra
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Goulenok
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Damien van Gysel
- Département d'Information Médicale, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Papo
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodelling in Renal and Respiratory Diseases), Paris, France; INSERM U1149, Paris, France
| | - Karim Sacre
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Bichat, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodelling in Renal and Respiratory Diseases), Paris, France; INSERM U1149, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rituximab for retroperitoneal fibrosis due to IgG4-related disease: A case report and literature review. Clin Nephrol Case Stud 2018; 6:4-10. [PMID: 29845002 PMCID: PMC5933309 DOI: 10.5414/cncs109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a progressive fibroinflammatory disease that can be complicated by urinary obstruction. RPF can be the only manifestation of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Treatment of IgG4-related RPF is challenging and mostly consists of long-term glucocorticoids leading to significant side effects and treatment intolerance. Recent exploration of the role of rituximab as a B-cell depleting therapy in the treatment of IgG4-RD provides therapeutic potential as a well-tolerated alternative to glucocorticoids. We present a case of IgG4-related RPF for which rituximab was instituted as a steroid-sparing treatment strategy. Following 4 doses, kidney function partially recovered, and the disease went into remission. We discuss the potential merit of rituximab for the treatment of patients with IgG4-related RPF.
Collapse
|
8
|
Brandt AS, Dreger NM, Müller E, Kukuk S, Roth S. Neue (und alte) Aspekte der retroperitonealen Fibrose. Urologe A 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Alvarez Argote J, Bauer FA, Posteraro AF, Dasanu CA. Retroperitoneal fibrosis due to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Responding to rituximab! J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016; 22:179-85. [PMID: 25013186 DOI: 10.1177/1078155214543279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease manifesting as chronic soft tissue fibrosis in the retroperitoneum, with potential anatomic and/or functional compromise of adjacent organs. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to other conditions such as cancers, autoimmune disorders, or drugs. We report herein a 66-year-old patient with symptomatic retroperitoneal fibrosis leading to bilateral hydronephrosis and renal failure, in whom, after a complex diagnostic work-up and protracted clinical course, a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the retroperitoneal space and several vertebral bodies was identified. The patient was treated with radiation therapy and weekly rituximab infusions, with resolution of hydronephrosis and lower back pain. We include a thorough literature review on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis. A meticulous search for malignancy is necessary in this rare condition that, if positive, may have significant therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank A Bauer
- Department of Pathology, St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, USA
| | - Anthony F Posteraro
- Department of Radiology, St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, USA
| | - Constantin A Dasanu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koo BS, Koh YW, Hong S, Kim YJ, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. Clinicopathologic characteristics of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis among patients initially diagnosed as having idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:194-8. [PMID: 25036229 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.931908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective. The purpose of our study was to determine the number of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) cases that were initially diagnosed as idiopathic RPF and to investigate clinical characteristics of IgG4-related RPF. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 41 RPF patients who were treated at our tertiary care medical center in South Korea between January 2000 and January 2013. We identified cases of 19 patients in which a diagnosis was made based on percutaneous biopsy or surgery and selected these cases for further analysis. Immunostaining for IgG4 and histopathologic examinations were performed for pathology specimens. Results. In the 19 RPF patients, more than 30 IgG4-positive plasma cells per specimen were identified in 9 cases with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, storiform fibrosis, or obliterative phlebitis (IgG4-related RPF group). The recurrence rate of IgG4-related RPF was significantly higher than that of idiopathic RPF (67% vs. 10%, p = 0.015). Initial and cumulative steroid dosages were not different between the two groups. Conclusions. We found that 47% of the patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic RPF showed IgG4-related RPF evidence according to the pathology and IgG4-related RPF patients showed higher recurrence rate than idiopathic RPF patients. We suggest that maintenance immunosuppressive therapy is required in IgG4-related RPF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bon San Koo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Retroperitoneal fibrosis: a clinical and outcome analysis of 58 cases and review of literature. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:1665-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: IgG4 infiltration in a cohort of Spanish patients. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:1263-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
13
|
Shirani M, Davoudian A, Sharifi A. Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with propranolol: a case report; is corticosteroid administration necessary after ureterolysis? J Renal Inj Prev 2013; 2:67-9. [PMID: 25340131 PMCID: PMC4206015 DOI: 10.12861/jrip.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease. It can be primary (Ormond's disease) or secondary to inflammation, malignancy or some drugs. Beta-adrenergic blockers including propranolol can cause the retroperitoneal fibrosis disease. CASE A 44-year-old woman who was taking propranolol for 13 years came to our center with complaints of oliguria and uremia symptoms (malaise, nausea and vomiting). After some investigations, it was found that the disease was retroperitoneal fibrosis. In the first step, she was treated with corticosteroids and then because of inadequate response, bilateral ureterolysis was performed. Then, an additional course of corticosteroid therapy was required after surgery. CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal fibrosis is an unknown cause disease that can involve ureters and can cause obstructive symptoms. The imaging procedure of choice for diagnosis is abdominal CT scanning with oral and intravenous contrast agents. Corticosteroids are the first option for treatment, however, if they are not effective and in case of severe obstruction, ureterolysis can be performed. Beta- adrenergic blocker drugs that are widely used in heart diseases can be a cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Shirani
- Department of Urology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Azadeh Davoudian
- Department of Urology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Sharifi
- Deputy for Research Affairs, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|