15
|
Wechsler ME, Akuthota P, Jayne D, Khoury P, Klion A, Langford CA, Merkel PA, Moosig F, Specks U, Cid MC, Luqmani R, Brown J, Mallett S, Philipson R, Yancey SW, Steinfeld J, Weller PF, Gleich GJ. Mepolizumab or Placebo for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1921-1932. [PMID: 28514601 PMCID: PMC5548295 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1702079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an eosinophilic vasculitis. Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, reduces blood eosinophil counts and may have value in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned participants with relapsing or refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis who had received treatment for at least 4 weeks and were taking a stable prednisolone or prednisone dose to receive 300 mg of mepolizumab or placebo, administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks, plus standard care, for 52 weeks. The two primary end points were the accrued weeks of remission over a 52-week period, according to categorical quantification, and the proportion of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48. Secondary end points included the time to first relapse and the average daily glucocorticoid dose (during weeks 48 through 52). The annualized relapse rate and safety were assessed. RESULTS A total of 136 participants underwent randomization, with 68 participants assigned to receive mepolizumab and 68 to receive placebo. Mepolizumab treatment led to significantly more accrued weeks of remission than placebo (28% vs. 3% of the participants had ≥24 weeks of accrued remission; odds ratio, 5.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68 to 13.03; P<0.001) and a higher percentage of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48 (32% vs. 3%; odds ratio, 16.74; 95% CI, 3.61 to 77.56; P<0.001). Remission did not occur in 47% of the participants in the mepolizumab group versus 81% of those in the placebo group. The annualized relapse rate was 1.14 in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 2.27 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.70; P<0.001). A total of 44% of the participants in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 7% of those in the placebo group, had an average daily dose of prednisolone or prednisone of 4.0 mg or less per day during weeks 48 through 52 (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.41; P<0.001). The safety profile of mepolizumab was similar to that observed in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS In participants with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, mepolizumab resulted in significantly more weeks in remission and a higher proportion of participants in remission than did placebo, thus allowing for reduced glucocorticoid use. Even so, only approximately half the participants treated with mepolizumab had protocol-defined remission. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02020889 .).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Wechsler
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - David Jayne
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Paneez Khoury
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Amy Klion
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Carol A Langford
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Peter A Merkel
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Frank Moosig
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Ulrich Specks
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Maria C Cid
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Raashid Luqmani
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Judith Brown
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Stephen Mallett
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Richard Philipson
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Steve W Yancey
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Steinfeld
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Peter F Weller
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| | - Gerald J Gleich
- From the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver (M.E.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (P.A.); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (P.A., P.F.W.); the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (D.J.), the Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford (R.L.), Research and Development, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit (J.B.), and Research and Development, Statistics, Programming, and Data Standards (S.M.), GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, and Trizell, Oxford (R.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K., A.K.); the Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (C.A.L.); the Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (P.A.M.), and the Respiratory Therapy Area Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (J.S.), Philadelphia; Rheumazentrum, Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany (F.M.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (U.S.); the Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (M.C.C.); the Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.W.Y.); and the Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (G.J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|