Association between rs2431697 T allele on 5q33.3 and systemic lupus erythematosus: case-control study and meta-analysis

Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 promotes proliferation and malignant phenotype in osteosarcoma via NF-κB signaling

BACKGROUND

Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is an oncogene reported to be actively promotes tumorigenesis in multiple tumors. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary osseous sarcoma, however, the functional significance and mechanisms underlying whether and how PTTG1 promotes OS remain largely unknown.

METHODS

Here, in our study, PTTG1 levels in clinical samples and cell lines were determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The viability and migratory/invasive potential of OS cells were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. The effects of PTTG1 on NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.

RESULTS

An abnormally elevated expression of PTTG1was confirmed in human OS tissues and OS cell lines and PTTG1 levels were positively correlated with OS clinicopathological grade. We further showed that knocking down PTTG1 attenuated the viability and migratory/invasive capacity of OS cells (MG63 and HOS-8603). Additionally, the following key mechanistic principle was revealed: knockdown PTTG1-mediated OS tumorgenesis supression was associated with inactivation of the NF-κB pathway. We confirmed these results by additional nonpharmacological intervention and same conclusions were obtained in the context of opposite functional analyses. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that OS cell lines overexpressed PTTG1 showed increased tumorigenesis in athymic nude mice.

CONCLUSIONS

To sum up, the present study suggests that PTTG1 is involved in the enhancement of the malignancy and carcinogenesis of OS by regulating NF-κB signaling. Accordingly, PTTG1 likely functions as an oncogene in OS and may represent a potential therapeutic target for this cancer.

Association between Susceptibility to Systemic Lupus Erythematous and Polymorphisms in miR-146a and miR-499: A Meta-Analysis

INTRODUCTION

This study aimed to determine whether miR-146a and miR-499 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

METHODS

We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. We performed a meta-analysis on the association of miR-146a rs2910164, rs2431697, rs57095329, and miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphisms with susceptibility to SLE.

RESULTS

Twenty-one studies from 17 reports, with 18,910 patients and 29,622 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed no association between SLE and the rs2910164 C allele (odds ratio [OR] = 0.999, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.816-1.222, p = 0.990). Stratification by ethnicity indicated no association between the miR-146a C allele and SLE in Arab or Latin American populations. The meta-analysis revealed an association between SLE and the miR-499 rs374644 CC + CT genotype in the overall group (OR = 1.313, 95% CI = 1.015-1.698, p = 0.038). Furthermore, meta-analysis revealed a significant association between SLE and the miR-146a rs2431697 C allele in the overall group (OR = 0.746, 95% CI = 0.697-0.798, p = 0.038). The miR-146a rs2431697 C allele is protective against SLE risk. Stratification by ethnicity indicated an association between the miR-146a rs2431697 C allele and SLE in Asian and European, but not Arab populations. The meta-analysis showed an association between the miR-146a rs57095329 G allele and SLE in Asian, but not Arab populations.

DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis suggests that the miR-146a rs2431697 polymorphism is a protective factor against the risk of SLE, and that the miR-146a rs57095329 and miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to SLE. However, miR-146a rs2910164 was not associated with susceptibility to SLE.

mir-146a genetic polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Correlation with disease manifestations

This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of miR-146a SNPs (rs2910164, rs57095329, and rs2431697) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and their association with clinical manifestations. The implication of SNPs on miR-146a expression level was also evaluated. SLE patients (113) and healthy controls (104) were registered in this study. The miR-146a SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the miR-146a expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results showed that the genotype frequency of miR-146a SNPs didn't deviate significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The AG genotype and G allele of miR-146a (rs57095329 A/G) might be considered a risk factor for the disease (OR = 2.27; CI: 0.78–6.57 and OR: 2.35; CI: 0.79–6.92 for AG genotype and G allele, respectively). Although, no statistical significance in the distribution of miR-146a SNPs (rs2910164, rs57095329, and rs2431697) was found, indicating the lack of association between the three SNPs and SLE susceptibility. Significantly, the higher frequency of the AA genotype of miR-146a (rs57095329) was associated with pancytopenia (P < 0.05), while the CT genotype of miR-146a (rs2431697) was associated (P < 0.05) with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). SLE patients had significantly higher levels of miR-146a compared to controls (P < 0.05). Elevation of miR-146a was independent of any SNP genotypes. In conclusion, this pilot study shows no association between miR-146a SNPs in our population group and susceptibility to lupus. Studies concerning other miRNAs in larger sample sizes are essential for a better understanding of their role in susceptibility to SLE disease.

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This study is concerned with genetic polymorphisms of miR-146a in Lupus patients.

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The AG genotype and G allele of miR-146a (rs57095329 A/G) might be considered a risk factor.

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No significance in the distribution of miR-146a SNPs (rs2910164, rs57095329, and rs2431697).

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miR-146a level was significantly elevated in SLE irrespective to any SNP genotypes.

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AA genotype of rs57095329 was associated with pancytopenia while the CT genotype of rs2431697 was associated with the APS.

Meta-Analysis of miRNA Variants Associated with Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disease

Purpose

Various studies have shown an association between miRNA polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune disease (AD); however, the results are inconclusive. To evaluate whether miRNA polymorphisms account for a significant risk of AD, a total of 87 articles, including 39431 patients and 56708 controls, were identified to estimate their association with 12 AD subtypes.

Methods

Several electronic databases were searched to analyze population-based studies on the relationship between miRNA variants and AD risk. Fixed effects or random effect models were used in the meta-analysis for the risk assessment.

Results

In our meta-analysis, miR-146a rs2910164/rs57095329 conferred a marginally elevated risk for AD (allele model, OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, P = 0.019; allele model, OR = 1.09, 95 CI: 1.05-1.15, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, miR-196a2 rs11614913 was also associated with AD risk (allele model, OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97, P = 0.001) as well as miR-499 rs3746444 (allele model, OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.29, P = 0.011). In addition, associations were observed between miR-149 rs2292832/miR-27a rs895819 and AD susceptibility in the overall population (allele model, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.24, P < 0.001; allele model, OR = 1.11, 95% CI:1.01-1.22, P = 0.043, respectively).

Conclusions

Evidence from our systematic review suggests that miR-146a, miR-196a2, miR-499, miR-149, and miR-27a polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to AD.

Understanding the genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus using Bayesian statistics and gene network analysis

The publication of genetic epidemiology meta-analyses has increased rapidly, but it has been suggested that many of the statistically significant results are false positive. In addition, most such meta-analyses have been redundant, duplicate, and erroneous, leading to research waste. In addition, since most claimed candidate gene associations were false-positives, correctly interpreting the published results is important. In this review, we emphasize the importance of interpreting the results of genetic epidemiology meta-analyses using Bayesian statistics and gene network analysis, which could be applied in other diseases.

Meta-analysis of association of microRNAs genetic variants with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND

An increasing body of studies has investigated that genetic polymorphisms in microRNA (miRNA) may be related to susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, some results remain controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was embarked on assessing whether some miRNA polymorphisms are associated with the risk of RA and SLE.

METHODS

Relevant studies were acquired on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Embase electronic databases from inception to December 2019. The strength of the association of miRNA polymorphisms with the risk of RA and SLE was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

Eligible 20 articles (36 studies) involving 5 miRNAs were enrolled in the meta-analysis. For RA, the polled result showed that there was no significant relationship between miR-146a rs2910164 and RA, but subgroup analysis based on ethnicity demonstrated that CC genotype may be a genetic protect factor for RA in Caucasians (CC vs CG+GG, OR = 0.825, 95% CI: 0.684-0.996, Pz = .045, Ph = .166). Besides, statistical significance of miR-499 rs3746444 (T/C) with susceptibility to RA was observed as well in the overall population, and the association was only significant in Caucasians but not Asians. For SLE, the associations of miR-146a rs2431697 T allele/T-carrier with increased risk of SLE were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results highlight that miR-499 rs3746444 may contribute to RA susceptibility, particularly in Caucasians. In addition, CC genotype in miR-146a rs2910164 may act as a protector of RA in Caucasians. For SLE, miR-146a rs2431697 (C/T) is most likely to the increased the risk of SLE. These findings do not support the genetic association between miR-196a2 rs11614913 and RA/SLE susceptibility, as well as the association of miR-146a rs2910164, miR-146a rs57095329, miR-499 rs3746444 with SLE.

Genetic variants of microRNA-146a gene: an indicator of systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility, lupus nephritis, and disease activity

Genetic variations of microRNA encoding genes influence various sorts of diseases by modifying the expression or activity of microRNAs. MicroRNA 146a is an epigenetic regulator of immune response through controlling the type I interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Genetic variations of microRNA 146a impact the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its clinical presentations. This study aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of microRNA-146a gene (rs2431697 and rs57095329) in patients with SLE and its association with disease activity. Sixty-five patients with SLE and 40 apparently healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and disease activity evaluation by SLEDAI score. The microRNA-146a variants were determined by allele discrimination real-time PCR method in all participants. We found a statistically significant association between rs2431697 T allele and SLE (P-value < 0.05), but there was no significant association between rs57095329 and SLE. The T/T genotype of microRNA-146a rs2431697 was associated with lupus nephritis, higher disease activity, and autoantibodies production. The microRNA-146a rs2431697 T allele could be a potential risk factor that contributes to SLE susceptibility, development of lupus nephritis, and disease activity.

Polymorphisms in miRNA genes and their involvement in autoimmune diseases susceptibility

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate the expression of multiple protein-encoding genes at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs are involved in different pathways, such as cellular proliferation and differentiation, signal transduction and inflammation, and play crucial roles in the development of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. They have recently been recognized to play a role also in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although the majority of studies are focused on miRNA expression profiles investigation, a growing number of studies have been investigating the role of polymorphisms in miRNA genes in the autoimmune diseases development. Indeed, polymorphisms affecting the miRNA genes can modify the set of targets they regulate or the maturation efficiency. This review is aimed to give an overview about the available studies that have investigated the association of miRNA gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases and to their clinical phenotypes.

Two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (rs2431697 and rs2910164) of miR-146a Are Associated with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

The coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) influences the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miR-146a (rs2431697 and rs2910164) have been reported to alter the function or expression of microRNA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between miR-146a gene polymorphism and the risk of CAD in the Chinese population. A total of 353 CAD patients and 368 controls were recruited, and SNPs were analyzed by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Sequenom MassARRAY system. The gene frequencies of rs2431697 and rs2910164 were significantly different between the two groups. The mutant type (T allele) of rs2431697 and wild type (C allele) of rs2910164 were more frequent in CAD patients. T allele carriers in rs2431697 had an increased CAD risk, while G allele of rs2910164 decreased the risk of CAD significantly. In conclusion, we found that the T allele of rs2431697 was a risk factor of CAD in the Chinese population. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that the G allele of rs2910164 decreased the susceptibility of CAD.

Association between the three functional miR-146a single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2910164, rs57095329, and rs2431697, and autoimmune disease susceptibility: A meta-analysis

Studies suggest associations between the miR-146a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. However, the results are inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to arrive at a conclusion about the association between the three functional miR-146a SNPs and autoimmune disease risk. Studies were identified through PubMed/MEDLINE searches for studies published up to January 2016 using as keywords rs2910164, rs57095329, rs2431697, and miR-146a polymorphisms. Thirty studies were included in the meta-analysis. The SNP rs2910164 G > C was found to be associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (CC + CG versus GG, OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.55), with decreased risks of psoriasis (C versus G, OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96; CC versus GC + GG, OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.94), Behcet's disease (CC versus GC + GG, OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50-0.73), asthma (C versus G, OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.69-0.93; CC versus GC + GG, OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.86), and uveitis (CC + CG versus GG, OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49-0.77). The SNP rs2431697 C > T was found to be associated with an increased risk of SLE (T versus C, OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.38; TC + TT versus CC, OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.58; TT versus TC + CC, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.21-1.62). The SNP rs57095329 A > G was found to be associated with an increased risk of SLE (G versus C, OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.17-1.35). The miR-146a SNPs rs2910164, rs57095329, rs2431697 are associated with susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases. However, for other autoimmune diseases, they may be protective or insignificant.