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Murayama MA, Shimizu J, Miyabe C, Yudo K, Miyabe Y. Chemokines and chemokine receptors as promising targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100869. [PMID: 36860872 PMCID: PMC9968812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that commonly causes inflammation and bone destruction in multiple joints. Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, play important roles in RA development and pathogenesis. Biological therapies targeting these cytokines have revolutionized RA therapy. However, approximately 50% of the patients are non-responders to these therapies. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to identify new therapeutic targets and therapies for patients with RA. In this review, we focus on the pathogenic roles of chemokines and their G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in RA. Inflamed tissues in RA, such as the synovium, highly express various chemokines to promote leukocyte migration, tightly controlled by chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. Because the inhibition of these signaling pathways results in inflammatory response regulation, chemokines and their receptors could be promising targets for RA therapy. The blockade of various chemokines and/or their receptors has yielded prospective results in preclinical trials using animal models of inflammatory arthritis. However, some of these strategies have failed in clinical trials. Nonetheless, some blockades showed promising results in early-phase clinical trials, suggesting that chemokine ligand-receptor interactions remain a promising therapeutic target for RA and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudo
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Association of Fc Gamma Receptor 3B Gene Copy Number Variation with Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122238. [PMID: 36553504 PMCID: PMC9778311 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variations such as copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we explored the association of the Fc gamma receptor 3B gene (FCGR3B) copy number variation (CNV) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and related serological traits in the Pakistani population. We also performed a meta-analysis of four published FCGR3B CNV studies along with the current study. A total of 927 subjects (597 RA cases, 330 healthy controls) were recruited from three rheumatology centers in Pakistan. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured in RA patients. FCGR3B copy number was assayed using the TaqMan® CN assay (Hs04211858_cn, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and the copy number was estimated by using CopyCaller® software (version 2.1; Applied Biosystems, USA). Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of RA risk associated with FCGR3B CNV using sex and age as covariates in R. Meta-analysis on four previously published studies and the current study was performed using the random-effect model. We observed a significant association between FCGR3B copy number < 2 and RA susceptibility (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.22; p = 0.0259) and anti-CCP seropositivity (OR 2.56; 95% CI: 1.34 to 4.89; p = 0.0045). A non-significant association of FCGR3B copy number < 2 was also observed between increased rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositivity (OR = 1.74; 95% CI:0.93 to 3.26; p = 0.0816). Meta-analysis on 13,915 subjects (7005 RA cases and 6907 controls) also showed significant association of copy number < 2 with the increased risk of RA (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.56; p = 0.00671). FCGR3B copy number < 2 is associated with increased RA risk and anti-CCP seropositivity.
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Song RH, Gao CQ, Zhao J, Zhang JA. An Update Evolving View of Copy Number Variations in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Genet 2022; 12:794348. [PMID: 35126462 PMCID: PMC8810490 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.794348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) usually share possible common mechanisms, i.e., a defect in the immune tolerance exists due to diverse causes from central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Some genetic variations including copy number variations (CNVs) are known to link to several AIDs and are of importance in the susceptibility to AIDs and the potential therapeutic responses to medicines. As an important source of genetic variants, DNA CNVs have been shown to be very common in AIDs, implying these AIDs may possess possible common mechanisms. In addition, some CNVs are differently distributed in various diseases in different ethnic populations, suggesting that AIDs may have their own different phenotypes and different genetic and/or environmental backgrounds among diverse populations. Due to the continuous advancement in genotyping technology, such as high-throughput whole-genome sequencing method, more susceptible variants have been found. Moreover, further replication studies should be conducted to confirm the results of studies with different ethnic cohorts and independent populations. In this review, we aim to summarize the most relevant data that emerged in the past few decades on the relationship of CNVs and AIDs and gain some new insights into the issue.
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Wen T, Zhang X, Lippuner C, Schiff M, Stuber F. Development and Evaluation of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for 8p23 β-Defensin Cluster Copy Number Determination. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:607-615. [PMID: 34327613 PMCID: PMC8320422 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It has been proposed that the copy number (CN) variation (CNV) in β-defensin genes (DEFB) on human chromosome 8p23 determines phenotypic differences in inflammatory diseases. However, no method for accurate and easy DEFB CN quantification is yet available. Objective Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a novel method for CNV quantification and has been used for genes such as CCL4L, CCL3L1, AMY1, and HER2. However, to date, no ddPCR assay has been available for DEFB CN determination. In the present study, we aimed to develop and evaluate such a ddPCR assay. Methods The assay was designed using DEFB4 and RPP30 as the target and the reference gene, respectively. To evaluate the assay, 283 DNA samples with known CNs previously determined using the multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method, the current gold standard, were used as standards. To discover the optimal DNA template amount, we tested 80 to 2.5 ng DNA by a serial of one to two dilutions of eight samples. To evaluate the reproducibility of the assay, 31 samples were repeated to calculate the intra- and inter-assay variations. To further validate the reliability of the assay, the CNs of all 283 samples were determined using ddPCR. To compare results with those using quantitative PCR (qPCR), DEFB CNs for 48 samples were determined using qPCR with the same primers and probes. Results In a one-dimensional plot, the positive and negative droplets were clearly separated in both DEFB4 and RPP30 detection channels. In a two-dimensional plot, four populations of droplets were observed. The 20 ng template DNA proved optimal, with either high (80 ng) or low (10, 5, 2.5 ng) template input leading to ambiguous or inaccurate results. For the 31 standard samples, DEFB CNs were accurately determined with small intra- and inter-assay variations (coefficient of variation < 0.04 for both). In the validation cohort, ddPCR provided the correct CN for all 283 samples with high confidence. qPCR measurements for the 48 samples produced noisy data with high uncertainty and low accuracy. Conclusions ddPCR is an accurate, reproducible, easy-to-use, cheap, high-throughput method for DEFB CN determination. ddPCR could be applied to DEFB CN quantification in large-scale case–control studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40291-021-00546-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Heath, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Christoph Lippuner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Schiff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stuber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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Wu HX, Li L, Zhang H, Tang J, Zhang MB, Tang HN, Guo Y, Zhou ZG, Zhou HD. Accurate diagnosis and heterogeneity analysis of a 17q12 deletion syndrome family with adulthood diabetes onset and complex clinical phenotypes. Endocrine 2021; 73:37-46. [PMID: 33745123 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 17q12 Deletion Syndrome is heterogeneous and the reasons remain unclear. We clarified the clinical characteristics of adulthood diabetes onset 17q12 deletion syndrome and investigated the unclear phenotype-genotype correlation. METHODS We collected the clinical history and laboratory results of a family with autosomal dominant inheritance diabetes and renopathy. Sanger sequencing of HNF1B and a panel of monogenic diabetic genes were performed to identify the monogenetic diabetes. Semiquantitative PCR and Chromosome 100 K sequence analysis were performed to analyze the copy numbers variation of diabetes related genes. Allelic specific quantitative PCR were used for TBC1D3 and paralogues diagnosis. The reported cases were reviewed and assessed to compare with patients in this study. RESULTS Differential variants in genomic DNA and clinical presentations among family members were explored to determine the probable phenotype-genotypes correlation. The four patients were diagnosed with 17q12 deletion syndrome with 1.47-1.76 Mb heterogeneous deletion, which led to the haploinsufficiency of HNF1B, ACACA, LHX1, PIGW, miRNA2909 and other genes. The patients had different amount of genes deletion in TBC1D3 and paralogues, which might associate with the heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We first reported an adulthood diabetes onset 17q12 deletion syndrome family with the largest number of patients. The heterogeneous clinical phenotypes might be related to the haploinsufficiency of TBC1D3 and its paralogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xuan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Long Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-Biao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Neng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Association of VPREB1 Gene Copy Number Variation and Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:7189626. [PMID: 33101545 PMCID: PMC7568136 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7189626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Copy number variation (CNV) is a structural variation in the human genome that has been associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. B cells are important components of rheumatoid arthritis- (RA-) mediated immune response; hence, CNV in the regulators of B cells (such as VPREB1) can influence RA susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to explore the association of CNV in the VPREB1 gene with RA susceptibility in the Pakistani population. Methods A total of 1,106 subjects (616 RA cases, 490 healthy controls) were selected from three rheumatology centers in Pakistan. VPREB1 CNV was determined using the TaqMan® CN assay (Hs02879734_cn, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), and CNV was estimated by using CopyCaller® (version 2.1; Applied Biosystems, USA) software. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by logistic regression with sex and age as covariates in R. Results A significant association between >2 VPREB1 CNV and RA risk was observed with an OR of 3.92 (95% CI: 1.27 - 12.12; p = 0.01746) in the total sample. Whereas <2 CNV showed a significantly protective effect against RA risk in women with an OR of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.29-0.79; p = 0.00381). Conclusion CNV > 2 of VPREB1 is a risk factor for RA in the total Pakistani population, while CNV < 2 is protective in women.
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Jamaluddin J, Mohd Khair NK, Vinodamaney SD, Othman Z, Abubakar S. Copy number variation of CCL3L1 among three major ethnic groups in Malaysia. BMC Genet 2020; 21:1. [PMID: 31900126 PMCID: PMC6942282 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-C motif Chemokine Ligand 3 Like 1 (CCL3L1) is a multiallelic copy number variable, which plays a crucial role in immunoregulatory and hosts defense through the production of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α. Variable range of the CCL3L1 copies from 0 to 14 copies have been documented in several different populations. However, there is still lack of report on the range of CCL3L1 copy number exclusively among Malaysians who are a multi-ethnic population. Thus, this study aims to extensively examine the distribution of CCL3L1 copy number in the three major populations from Malaysia namely Malay, Chinese and Indian. A diploid copy number of CCL3L1 for 393 Malaysians (Malay = 178, Indian = 90, and Chinese = 125) was quantified using Paralogue Ratio Tests (PRTs) and then validated with microsatellites analysis. Results To our knowledge, this is the first report on the CCL3L1 copy number that has been attempted among Malaysians and the Chinese ethnic group exhibits a diverse pattern of CCL3L1 distribution copy number from the Malay and Indian (p < 0.0001). The CCL3L1 ranged from 0 to 8 copies for both the Malay and Indian ethnic groups while 0 to 10 copies for the Chinese ethnic. Consequently, the CCL3L1 copy number among major ethnic groups in the Malaysian population is found to be significantly varied when compared to the European population (p < 0.0001). The mean/median reported for the Malay, Chinese, Indian, and European are 2.759/2.869, 3.453/3.290, 2.437/1.970 and 2.001/1.940 respectively. Conclusion This study reveals the existence of genetic variation of CCL3L1 in the Malaysian population, and suggests by examining genetic diversity on the ethnicity, and specific geographical region could help in reconstructing human evolutionary history and for the prediction of disease risk related to the CCL3L1 copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalilah Jamaluddin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Khairina Mohd Khair
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shameni Devi Vinodamaney
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkefley Othman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaili Abubakar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Png G, Suveges D, Park YC, Walter K, Kundu K, Ntalla I, Tsafantakis E, Karaleftheri M, Dedoussis G, Zeggini E, Gilly A. Population-wide copy number variation calling using variant call format files from 6,898 individuals. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 44:79-89. [PMID: 31520489 PMCID: PMC8653900 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) play an important role in a number of human diseases, but the accurate calling of CNVs remains challenging. Most current approaches to CNV detection use raw read alignments, which are computationally intensive to process. We use a regression tree-based approach to call germline CNVs from whole-genome sequencing (WGS, >18x) variant call sets in 6,898 samples across four European cohorts, and describe a rich large variation landscape comprising 1,320 CNVs. Eighty-one percent of detected events have been previously reported in the Database of Genomic Variants. Twenty-three percent of high-quality deletions affect entire genes, and we recapitulate known events such as the GSTM1 and RHD gene deletions. We test for association between the detected deletions and 275 protein levels in 1,457 individuals to assess the potential clinical impact of the detected CNVs. We describe complex CNV patterns underlying an association with levels of the CCL3 protein (MAF = 0.15, p = 3.6x10-12 ) at the CCL3L3 locus, and a novel cis-association between a low-frequency NOMO1 deletion and NOMO1 protein levels (MAF = 0.02, p = 2.2x10-7 ). This study demonstrates that existing population-wide WGS call sets can be mined for germline CNVs with minimal computational overhead, delivering insight into a less well-studied, yet potentially impactful class of genetic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Png
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Suveges
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Young-Chan Park
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Kousik Kundu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arthur Gilly
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Dahmani CA, Benzaoui A, Amroun H, Zemani-Fodil F, Petit-Teixeira E, Boudjema A. Association study of copy number variants in CCL3L1, FCGR3A and FCGR3B genes with risk of ankylosing spondylitis in a West Algerian population. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 46:437-443. [PMID: 31433132 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were explored in the Algerian population to evaluate associated ankylosing spondylitis (AS) genetic risk factors, but no study has identified the impact of copy number variations (CNVs). The aim of the study was to determine whether CNVs of CCL3L1, FCGR3A and FCGR3B genes were also associated with the susceptibility of AS disease in Algerian population. The data set of the current study is composed of 81 patients with AS and 119 healthy controls. All samples were genotyped by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Chi-square test and OR calculation were used to evaluate association between CNVs and AS and the risk associated with copy numbers (CN). In results, FCGR3A CN less than two copies (<2) was significantly increased in spondylitis patients (p = .0001, OR = 7.74 [2.32-25.74]). Additionally, FCGR3A CN < 2 copies association was present only in HLA-B27 (-) patients. We have concluded that FCGR3A deletions have an independent effect on AS regarding HLA-B27 status. This is the first study that investigated the CCL3L1 CNVs in relation to AS risk disease. It reveals that CCL3L1 and FCGR3B CNVs may not be involved in susceptibility to AS risk in the Algerian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Amira Dahmani
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire/Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO-MB), Oran, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Benzaoui
- Service de Rhumatologie/Centre Hospitalo-universitaire d'Oran (CHUO), Oran, Algeria
| | - Habiba Amroun
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique et de Transplantation, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie à Alger, Oran, Algeria
| | - Faouzia Zemani-Fodil
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire/Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO-MB), Oran, Algeria
| | | | - Abdallah Boudjema
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire/Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf (USTO-MB), Oran, Algeria
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