1
|
Al-Haidose A, Hassan S, Elhassan M, Ahmed E, Al-Riashi A, Alharbi YM, Ghunaim M, Alhejaili T, Abdallah AM. Role of ncRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1540. [PMID: 39062113 PMCID: PMC11274537 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a multisystemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the exocrine glands, causing dryness of the eyes and the mouth as the principal symptoms. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), once regarded as genomic "junk", are now appreciated as important molecular regulators of gene expression, not least in Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. Here we review research into the causative roles of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) on immunological responses, inflammation, and salivary gland epithelial cell function in Sjögren's syndrome patients. These ncRNAs represent promising new therapeutic targets for treating the disease and possibly as biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Haidose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.A.-H.); (S.H.); (M.E.); (E.A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Sondoss Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.A.-H.); (S.H.); (M.E.); (E.A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Mahmoud Elhassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.A.-H.); (S.H.); (M.E.); (E.A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Eiman Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.A.-H.); (S.H.); (M.E.); (E.A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Abdulla Al-Riashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.A.-H.); (S.H.); (M.E.); (E.A.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Yazeed M. Alharbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.M.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Monther Ghunaim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.M.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Talal Alhejaili
- Department of Gastroenterology, King Salman Medical City, Madinah 42319, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atiyeh M. Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.A.-H.); (S.H.); (M.E.); (E.A.); (A.A.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Xue Q, Cheng C, Wang Y, Wang X, Chang J, Miao C. Circular RNA in autoimmune diseases: special emphasis on regulation mechanism in RA and SLE. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:370-384. [PMID: 36583516 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by tissue damage caused by the body's immune response to autoantibodies. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a kind of special endogenous non-coding RNA that play a biological role by regulating gene transcription. METHODS In this work, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science (SCIE), National Science and Technology Library (NSTL), and ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) databases to summarize the impact of circRNAs on autoimmune diseases, especially the results of circRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). RESULTS The study on the function of circRNAs and autoimmune diseases further deepened our understanding of the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. CircRNAs may act as miRNA sponges to regulate biological processes and affect the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. CircRNAs are closely related to the pathogenesis of RA and SLE and may become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of RA and SLE. CONCLUSION CircRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and are expected to provide new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the function and mechanism of circRNAs in autoimmune diseases need more comprehensive research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chenglong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evolving understandings for the roles of non-coding RNAs in autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2022:102948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
4
|
Li W, Fan R, Zhou C, Wei Y, Lin S, Wen S, Zeng W, Hou W, Zhao C, Lin Y. Circular RNA expression profile of systemic lupus erythematosus and its clinical significance as a potential novel biomarker. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1405-1414. [PMID: 36166140 PMCID: PMC9569302 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that are more abundant, specific, and highly organized than linear RNAs. Increasing evidence supports that circRNAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers in many diseases, but their potential as biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. Objective We investigated the critical circRNAs involved in SLE progression and explored their potential application as biomarkers in SLE. Method RNA sequencing was conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 4 SLE patients and 4 healthy volunteers. CircRNA profile data were analyzed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and visualized via R software. After screening, qPCR analysis of target circRNA expression was performed using PBMCs from 31 SLE patients and 35 healthy volunteers. Correlations between circRNA expression levels and the SLEDAI score were assessed via Spearman correlation analysis. Finally, the performance of circRNAs as biomarkers in SLE was examined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results The result identified six differentially expressed circRNAs between SLE patients and healthy controls: hsa_circ_0006689, hsa_circ_0070562, hsa_circ_0006117, hsa_circ_0007683, hsa_circ_0042519, and hsa_circ_0008647. The validation analysis showed differing relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0007683, hsa_circ_0042519, hsa_circ_0008647, and hsa_circ_0006689 between SLE patients and healthy volunteers (P < 0.05), and hsa_circ_0006689 expression in PBMCs correlated with the SLEDAI score (P < 0.05). Furthermore, addition of hsa_circ_0006689 expression increased the sensitivities of anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-Sm antibody levels for SLE diagnosis (from 29.03 to 61.30% and 32.26–71.00%, respectively). Conclusion Our results suggest hsa_circ_0006689 may be a useful circRNA biomarker for SLE diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- Department of Dermatology/Venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Runge Fan
- Department of Dermatology/Venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology/Venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Dermatology/Venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Shunsheng Lin
- Department of Dermatology/Venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Sijian Wen
- Department of Dermatology/Venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Thalassemia MedicineGuangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning,, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China.
| | - Youkun Lin
- Department of Dermatology/Venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ji J, Zhang X, Ling Y, Tian J, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhu R, Zhou Y, Zhu T, Wang L, Zhu H. Hsa_circ_0008301 as a potential biomarker of disease activity for primary Sjogren's syndrome: Increased expression in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109231. [PMID: 36113315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the expression level, association with disease activity and clinical significance of hsa_circ_0008301 in the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS We selected 70 pSS patients hospitalized under the Rheumatology service line at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2018 to June 2021 as the disease group, in which general data and clinical indicators were collected. Fifty-three patients with healthy physical examinations for the same period were selected as the healthy control group, and 32 patients with non-pSS rheumatic diseases were selected as the disease control group. We collected peripheral blood samples and used fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301. In addition, we analyzed the association of the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 with the clinical characteristics and disease activity of pSS patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnosis and the disease activity value of hsa_circ_0008301 in patients with pSS. Meanwhile, we analyzed the differential expression of hsa_circ_0008301 in 24 pSS patients selected from the disease group before and after treatment. RESULTS The relative expression of hsa_circ_0008301 in the peripheral blood of pSS patients was significantly higher than that in the control groups including healthy control group and disease control group. The expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 was high in pSS patients with a course of disease ≥ 10 years, fatigue symptoms, platelets < 100*10^9/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥ 50 mm/h, immunoglobulin IgG > 16 g/L, complement C3 < 0.9 g/L, ESSDAI score ≥ 5 and positively correlated with the above groups. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed that hsa_circ_0008301 was statistically significant between pSS patients and healthy controls. We selected patients from the disease group before and after treatment and showed that the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 decreased significantly after treatment, compared with before. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.825 (95% CI: 0.754 ∼ 0.897; P < 0.0001). The AUC of hsa_circ_0008301 in pSS patients and the disease control group was 0.673 (95% CI: 0.563 ∼ 0.782; P = 0.005), the sensitivity was 40.00%, the specificity was 93.70%, the optimal truncation value was > 0.0420, and the maximum Youden index was 0.337. In addition, ROC analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0008301 was statistically significant between disease-active patients and stable patients. The AUC value was 0.681 (95% CI: 0.553 ∼ 0.809; P = 0.010), the sensitivity was 65.90%, the specificity was 72.40%, the optimal truncation value was > 0.0285, and the maximum Youden index was 0.383. ROC analysis indicated that hsa_circ_0008301 has some value in the diagnosis and disease activity of patients with pSS. Comparison of 24 pSS patients selected from the disease group before and after treatment showed that the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 decreased significantly after treatment compared with before treatment (Z = - 4.257, P < 0.0001). ROC analysis indicated that hsa_circ_0008301 has some value in the diagnosis and disease activity of patients with pSS. CONCLUSIONS Hsa_circ_0008301 is expressed in higher levels in the peripheral blood of patients with pSS, which is related to the disease activity. It may be involved in the occurrence and development of pSS and may have a potential biomarker for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Ji
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhai Tian
- Biochip Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yunxia Luo
- Department of Internal medicine 2, Changdu People's Hospital, Changdu 854000, Xizang, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Yinchuan Yiyang Geriatric Hospital, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Libin Wang
- Biochip Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu J, Su C, Huang F, Zhao Y, Li J. Past, Present and Future: The Relationship Between Circular RNA and Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894707. [PMID: 35693804 PMCID: PMC9174805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved since the birth of humans. However, immune-related diseases have not yet been overcome due to the lack of expected indicators and targeting specificity of current medical technology, subjecting patients to very uncomfortable physical and mental experiences and high medical costs. Therefore, the requirements for treatments with higher specificity and indicative ability are raised. Fortunately, the discovery of and continuous research investigating circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a promising method among numerous methods. Although circRNAs wear regarded as metabolic wastes when discovered, as a type of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) with a ring structure and wide distribution range in the human body, circRNAs shine brilliantly in medical research by virtue of their special nature and structure-determined functions, such as high stability, wide distribution, high detection sensitivity, acceptable reproducibility and individual differences. Based on research investigating the role of circRNAs in immunity, we systematically discuss the hotspots of the roles of circRNAs in immune-related diseases, including expression profile analyses, potential biomarker research, ncRNA axis/network construction, impacts on phenotypes, therapeutic target seeking, maintenance of nucleic acid stability and protein binding research. In addition, we summarize the current situation of and problems associated with circRNAs in immune research, highlight the applications and prospects of circRNAs in the treatment of immune-related diseases, and provide new insight into future directions and new strategies for laboratory research and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Chengdu Blood Center, Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Yuwei Zhao,
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Yuwei Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Exosome circRNAs and ceRNA network profiles in different ANA sera. Immunol Res 2022; 70:518-529. [PMID: 35554827 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences show that circRNAs are associated with some autoimmunity diseases either as a biomarker or therapeutic target. Exosomes containing nucleic acids and proteins are found in sera of series diseases and could serve as either diagnostic or therapeutic target. ANA serves as first common diagnostic test for autoimmunity disease, different ANA staining reflecting different types of autoimmunity disease. Till now, whether different ANA sera exosomes express different circRNAs and relevant ceRNA networks are still shortage of investigation. This study analyzed circRNAs, miRNAs, and their interaction networks in different ANA sera exosomes by high-throughput sequencing. It found no significant difference of total circRNAs and miRNAs amount across different ANA sera exosomes. However, significant differences were found of circRNAs, miRNA constituents, function analysis by KEGG and GO, and their ceRNA networks including miRNA-circRNA and miRNA-mRNA among different ANA sera exosomes, suggesting sera exosome circRNAs as either biomarker or mechanism of autoimmunity diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen Y, Qu B, Shen N. Expanding Roles of Noncoding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:64-75. [PMID: 35239107 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The exact pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. Accumulating finds have indicated the roles of the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) acting as novel epigenetic regulatory elements in the dysfunction of the immune system in SLE. This review will introduce recent studies on how ncRNAs are involved in the development of SLE. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in ncRNAs biology have greatly expanded our understanding of epigenetic regulation of immune responses and inflammation, and increasing evidence suggests ncRNAs are important players in SLE development. Identifications of abnormal expression patterns of ncRNAs and relevant biological impacts in lupus patients have revealed their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SLE. The dysregulation of ncRNAs contributes to the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Clarifying the functions and mechanisms of SLE-associated ncRNAs provides new opportunities for disease biomarkers and targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Shandong Middle Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, 518040, China.
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shu J, Su G, Zhang J, Liu Z, Chang R, Wang Q, Yang P. Analyses of circRNA and mRNA Profiles in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:738760. [PMID: 35003060 PMCID: PMC8727692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important in numerous biological process and involved in autoimmune diseases. However, their role in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, a classical autoimmune disease, is not yet known. This research aimed to study the expression profile of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and circRNAs and investigate the influence of circRNAs on the pathogenesis of VKH disease. We identified circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs expression profiles in CD4+ T cells between 4 VKH patients and 3 healthy controls using the whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technique. We discovered that a total of 5088 mRNAs, 451 circRNAs and 433 miRNAs were differently expressed. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed for significantly differentially expressed circRNAs and mRNAs. GSEA was conducted for all mRNAs. The functional enrichment suggested that the inflammatory response, the adaptive immune response, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and T cell receptor signaling pathway were associated with VKH disease. In addition, based on the immune-related genes we screened, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was analyzed and constructed. Ten differently expressed mRNAs (LAT, ZAP70, ITK, ICOS, RASGRP1, PAG1, PLCG1, PRKCQ, LCK, CARD11) and 5 differently expressed circRNAs (hsa_circ_0033144, hsa_circ_0000233, hsa_circ_0000396, hsa_circ_0001924, hsa_circ_0001320) were selected to be validated by Real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR). The results of RT-qPCR turned out to be consistent with RNA-seq data. Further analysis showed that hsa_circ_0001320 and hsa_circ_0001924 may serve as crucial candidate marker genes of VKH disease. These results reveal that circRNAs may have a crucial immunomodulatory function in the pathophysiological process of VKH disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangluxi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Chang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yesharim L, Mojbafan M, Abiri M. Hints From the Cellular Functions to the Practical Outlook of Circular RNAs. Front Genet 2021; 12:679446. [PMID: 34220952 PMCID: PMC8247595 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.679446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been about 30 years since the discovery of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in mammalian cells, these subtypes of RNAs’ capabilities have come into focus in recent years. The unique structure and various functional roles of circRNAs in many cellular processes have aroused researchers’ interest and raised many questions about whether circRNAs can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. To answer these questions, we will illustrate the main known functions and regulatory roles of circRNAs in the cell after presenting a brief history of the discovery of circRNAs and the main proposed theories of the biogenesis of circRNAs. Afterward, the practical application of circRNAs as biomarkers of different pathophysiological conditions will be discussed, mentioning some examples and challenges in this area. We also consider one of the main questions that human beings have always been faced, “the origin of life,” and its possible connection to circRNAs. Finally, focusing on the various capabilities of circRNAs, we discuss their potential therapeutic applications considering the immunity response toward exogenous circRNAs. However, there are still disputes about the exact immune system reaction, which we will discuss in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liora Yesharim
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mojbafan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abiri
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raga-Cervera J, Bolarin JM, Millan JM, Garcia-Medina JJ, Pedrola L, Abellán-Abenza J, Valero-Vello M, Sanz-González SM, O’Connor JE, Galarreta-Mira D, Bendala-Tufanisco E, Mayordomo-Febrer A, Pinazo-Durán MD, Zanón-Moreno V. miRNAs and Genes Involved in the Interplay between Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis Networks. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112227. [PMID: 34063878 PMCID: PMC8196557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma has no cure and is a sight-threatening neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 100 million people worldwide, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most globally prevalent glaucoma clinical type. Regulation of gene expression and gene networks, and its multifactorial pathways involved in glaucoma disease are landmarks for ophthalmic research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small endogenous non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules (18–22 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression. An analytical, observational, case-control study was performed in 42 patients of both sexes, aged 50 to 80 years, which were classified according to: (1) suffering from ocular hypertension (OHT) but no glaucomatous neurodegeneration (ND) such as the OHT group, or (2) have been diagnosed of POAG such as the POAG group. Participants were interviewed for obtaining sociodemographic and personal/familial records, clinically examined, and their tear samples were collected and frozen at 80 °C until processing for molecular-genetic assays. Tear RNA extraction, libraries construction, and next generation sequencing were performed. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the differential expression profiling of eight miRNAs when comparing tears from the OHT versus the POAG groups: the miR-26b-5p, miR-152-3p, miR-30e-5p, miR-125b-2-5p, miR-224-5p, miR-151a-3p, miR-1307-3p, and the miR-27a-3p. Gene information was set up from the DIANA-TarBase v7, DIANA-microT-CDS, and TargetScan v7.1 databases. To build a network of metabolic pathways, only genes appearing in at least four of the following databases: DisGeNet, GeneDistiller, MalaCards, OMIM PCAN, UniProt, and GO were considered. We propose miRNAs and their target genes/signaling pathways as candidates for a better understanding of the molecular-genetic bases of glaucoma and, in this way, to gain knowledge to achieve optimal diagnosis strategies for properly identifying HTO at higher risk of glaucoma ND. Further research is needed to validate these miRNAs to discern the potential role as biomarkers involved in oxidative stress, immune response, and apoptosis for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of OHT and the prevention of glaucoma ND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M. Bolarin
- Technological Centre of Information and Communication Technologies (CENTIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (J.A.-A.)
| | - Jose M. Millan
- Sequencing Service at the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Jose J. Garcia-Medina
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.); (V.Z.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, General University Hospital “Morales Meseguer”, 30007 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-T.); (A.M.-F.)
| | - Laia Pedrola
- Sequencing Service at the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Javier Abellán-Abenza
- Technological Centre of Information and Communication Technologies (CENTIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (J.A.-A.)
| | - Mar Valero-Vello
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.); (V.Z.-M.)
| | - Silvia M. Sanz-González
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.); (V.Z.-M.)
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-T.); (A.M.-F.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José E. O’Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit Principe Felipe Research Center and University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Elena Bendala-Tufanisco
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-T.); (A.M.-F.)
- Mixed Research Unit for Visual Health and Veterinary Ophthalmology CEU/FISABIO, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, CEU University, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aloma Mayordomo-Febrer
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-T.); (A.M.-F.)
- Mixed Research Unit for Visual Health and Veterinary Ophthalmology CEU/FISABIO, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, CEU University, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D. Pinazo-Durán
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.); (V.Z.-M.)
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-T.); (A.M.-F.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmobiology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Zanón-Moreno
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (M.V.-V.); (M.D.P.-D.); (V.Z.-M.)
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Research OFTARED RD16/0008/0022, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-T.); (A.M.-F.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Ma R, Shi W, Wu Z, Shi Y. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:212-222. [PMID: 33767917 PMCID: PMC7973136 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed single-stranded structures lacking 5'-3' polarity and a polyadenine tail. Over recent years, a growing body of studies have been conducted to explore the roles of circRNAs in human diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and excessive inflammation, which impact multiple organs. Recent advances have begun to shed light on the roles of circRNAs in SLE, providing fresh insights into the pathogenesis of SLE and the latent capacity for translation into clinical applications. Here, we briefly introduce these "star molecules" and summarize their roles in SLE. In addition, we outline the limitations of the current studies and raise prospects for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.,Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.,Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhai X, Zhang Y, Xin S, Cao P, Lu J. Insights Into the Involvement of Circular RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622316. [PMID: 33717126 PMCID: PMC7947908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded, endogenous, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules formed by the backsplicing of messenger RNA (mRNA) precursors and have covalently closed circular structures without 5′-end caps and 3′-end polyadenylation [poly(A)] tails. CircRNAs are characterized by abundant species, stable structures, conserved sequences, cell- or tissue-specific expression, and widespread and stable presence in many organisms. Therefore, circRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of a variety of diseases. Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are caused by defects in immune tolerance or abnormal immune regulation, which leads to damage to host organs. Due to the complexity of the pathophysiological processes of AIDs, clinical therapeutics have been suboptimal. The emergence of circRNAs sheds new light on the treatment of AIDs. In particular, circRNAs mainly participate in the occurrence and development of AIDs by sponging targets. This review systematically explains the formation, function, mechanism, and characteristics of circRNAs in the context of AIDs. With a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological functions of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of AIDs, circRNAs may become reasonable, accurate, and effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AIDs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Healthcare Commission Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Center for Medical Experiments, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Xin
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Healthcare Commission Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Healthcare Commission Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wen J, Liu J, Wang X, Wang J. Expression and clinical significance of circular RNAs related to immunity and inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107366. [PMID: 33450597 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in and clinical significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) expression related to immunity and inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We analyzed the circRNAs related to immunity and inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three RA patients and three healthy controls using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, four differentially expressed circRNAs were verified by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We selected hsa_circ_0003353 for functional phenotype analysis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) according to correlation tests and logistic regression analysis. The results identified and verified the expression of circRNAs (0003353, 0005732, 0072428, 0091685) that were significantly changed in PBMCs from RA patients. ROC analysis suggested that these circRNAs have significant value in RA diagnosis. Spearman analysis revealed that significant relationships between these circRNAs and clinical indicators as well as SPP. The logistic regression analysis showed that clinical indicators and SPP were risk factors for hsa_circ_0003353 expression, which is worthy of further investigation. As predicted, hsa_circ_0003353 had significantly higher expression in RA-FLS. The cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokine production of RA-FLS showed significant alterations after hsa_circ_0003353 suppression and overexpression. Our results indicate that hsa_circ_0003353 may play an essential role in promoting immunity, inflammation, synovial invasion, and joint destruction and that hsa_circ_0003353 may act as a biomarker of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Wen
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefe 230031, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefe 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefe 230031, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Di G, Hu S, Zhao T, Xu X, Wang X, Chen P. Expression Profiles of CircRNA and mRNA in Lacrimal Glands of AQP5 -/- Mice With Primary Dry Eye. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1010. [PMID: 33013441 PMCID: PMC7497440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This work aimed to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) and elucidate their potential function in aquaporin 5 (AQP5) knockout (AQP5–/–) mice with the primary dry eye phenotype. Methods: A slit lamp examination was performed on AQP5–/– mice to assess corneal epithelial defects using fluorescein sodium staining. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis were performed to identify structural changes in lacrimal gland epithelial cells due to AQP5 deficiency. The expression profiles of circRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) were determined by a microarray analysis. The selected circRNA was verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the biological functions and the potential pathways of parental genes involved in lacrimal gland epithelial cell changes. According to the bioinformatics analysis of identified circRNAs, we predicted a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network of phagosomes. Results: The AQP5–/– mice spontaneously exhibit dry eye symptoms, wherein the AQP5 deficiency changes the structure of lacrimal gland epithelial cells. The analysis revealed that, compared to AQP5+/+ mice, 30 circRNAs in the lacrimal glands of AQP5–/– mice were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2.0, p < 0.05). Nine upregulated circRNAs were identified using qRT-PCR, and nine upregulated validated circRNAs, 40 altered microRNAs (miRNAs), and nine upregulated mRNAs were identified through a network analysis. The KEGG analysis showed that these nine target genes were expressed in phagosomes. Conclusion: The AQP5–/– mice have primary and stable dry eye phenotypes from birth. We identified differently expressed circRNAs in the lacrimal glands of AQP5–/– and AQP5+/+ mice, predicting a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network of phagosomes. CircRNA likely plays an important role in lacrimal gland epithelial cell pathogenesis. Therefore, it is reasonable to use circRNA as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of dry eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinkai Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parisis D, Chivasso C, Perret J, Soyfoo MS, Delporte C. Current State of Knowledge on Primary Sjögren's Syndrome, an Autoimmune Exocrinopathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2299. [PMID: 32698400 PMCID: PMC7408693 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, whereby sicca syndrome and/or systemic manifestations are the clinical hallmarks, associated with a particular autoantibody profile. pSS is the most frequent connective tissue disease after rheumatoid arthritis, affecting 0.3-3% of the population. Women are more prone to develop pSS than men, with a sex ratio of 9:1. Considered in the past as innocent collateral passive victims of autoimmunity, the epithelial cells of the salivary glands are now known to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aetiology of the "autoimmune epithelitis" still remains unknown, but certainly involves genetic, environmental and hormonal factors. Later during the disease evolution, the subsequent chronic activation of B cells can lead to the development of systemic manifestations or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to provide the current state of knowledge on pSS. The review addresses the clinical manifestations and complications of the disease, the diagnostic workup, the pathogenic mechanisms and the therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Parisis
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | | | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (D.P.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The integrative regulatory network of circRNA and microRNA in keloid scarring. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:201-209. [PMID: 31612410 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of non-coding RNA that consists of a circular loop, has been demonstrated to act as a "sponge" for microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of circRNAs in keloid remains unknown. In this study, we investigated circRNA expression profiles in keloid to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic circRNAs. We performed a circRNA microarray assay to determine circRNA expression in keloid and paired normal skin tissues. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression levels of candidate circRNAs. The most significantly over-expressed circRNA was used to predict putative miRNA targets and the binding sites of miRNAs with this circRNA. Finally, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA interaction network and carried out gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. We found 52 significantly upregulated and 24 downregulated circRNAs in keloid compared with normal skin tissue. We confirmed that hsa_circ_0057452, hsa_circ_0007482, hsa_circ_0020792, hsa_circ_0057342, and hsa_circ_0043688 were significantly upregulated in keloid tissues. Analysis of the circRNA-miRNA interaction network revealed that circRNAs could interact with miRNAs, including miRNA-29a, miRNA-23a-5p and miRNA-1976. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these target genes were involved in biological functions and signaling pathways that may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of keloid. This study revealed that circRNAs are potentially implicated in the development of keloid and could serve as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|