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Xia X, Zhou T, Zhang H, Cui H, Zhang F, Hayat K, Zhang X, Ho CT. Simultaneously Enhanced Formation of Pyrazines and Furans during Thermal Degradation of the Glycyl-l-glutamine Amadori Compound by Selected Exogenous Amino Acids and Appropriate Elevated Temperatures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4346-4357. [PMID: 36880130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Amadori compound of glucose and glycyl-l-glutamine (Gly-Gln-ARP) was prepared and characterized by UPLC-MS/MS and NMR. Gly-Gln-ARP could be thermally degraded into Gly-Gln and other secondary reaction products like glycyl-l-glutamic acid and its ARP via deamidation. The thermal processing temperature exerted a tremendous influence on the flavor formation of ARP. Furans were mainly formed at 100 °C, while an elevated temperature of 120 °C facilitated the massive accumulation of α-dicarbonyl compounds through the retro-aldolization of deoxyglucosone, and then increased the formation of pyrazines. The extra-added amino acids further promoted the formation of pyrazines at 120 °C, especially Glu, Lys, and His, further increasing the total concentration of pyrazines to 457 ± 6.26, 563 ± 65.5, and 411 ± 59.2 μg/L, respectively, exceeding the pure heated control at 140 °C (296 ± 6.67 μg/L). The total concentration of furans was enhanced to (20.7 × 103) ± 8.17 μg/L by extra-added Gln. Different increasing effects were observed on the type and flavor intensity of formed pyrazines and furans from different extra-added amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Heping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Foxin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiang Wang Flavouring Food Co., Ltd., No. 1 Shengli Road, Jieshou, Fuyang 236500, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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Xia X, Zhai Y, Cui H, Zhang H, Hayat K, Zhang X, Ho CT. Glycine, Diglycine, and Triglycine Exhibit Different Reactivities in the Formation and Degradation of Amadori Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14907-14918. [PMID: 36378039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of Amadori compounds of glucose were prepared from glycine (G-ARP), diglycine (DiG-ARP), and triglycine (TriG-ARP), and identified by UPLC-MS/MS and NMR. The formation rate of ARPs was TriG-ARP > DiG-ARP > G-ARP, and their activation energies were 63.48 kJ/mol (TriG-ARP), 72.84 kJ/mol (DiG-ARP), and 84.76 kJ/mol (G-ARP), respectively, suggesting that ARP was formed more easily from small peptides than from amino acid. Although 1-DG was formed much more difficultly than 3-DG, the same order of the formation of 1-DG, 3-DG, and browning was DiGly > TriGly > Gly. It was also confirmed that more methylglyoxal and glyoxal would be formed from small peptides than equimolar amino acids. Compared with free amino acid, ARP, deoxyglycosones, and their secondary degradation products were more easily formed from dipeptide and tripeptide, thereby stronger browning occurred and higher reactivity was exhibited in Maillard reaction of di- or tripeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Heping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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Wu Q, Zhao K, Chen Y, Xiao J, Zhou M, Li D, Feng N, Wang C. Ethanol as an accelerator for the formation of advanced glycation end products in glucose-lysine solution. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Antioxidant activity of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) gut hydrolysates-ribose Maillard reaction products derived from organic reagent extraction. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Keil T, Dittrich B, Lattermann C, Habicher T, Büchs J. Polymer-based controlled-release fed-batch microtiter plate - diminishing the gap between early process development and production conditions. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:18. [PMID: 30833982 PMCID: PMC6387502 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fed-batch conditions are advantageous for industrial cultivations as they avoid unfavorable phenomena appearing in batch cultivations. Those are for example the formation of overflow metabolites, catabolite repression, oxygen limitation or inhibition due to elevated osmotic concentrations. For both, the early bioprocess development and the optimization of existing bioprocesses, small-scale reaction vessels are applied to ensure high throughput, low costs and prompt results. However, most conventional small-scale procedures work in batch operation mode, which stands in contrast to fed-batch conditions in large-scale bioprocesses. Extensive expenditure for installations and operation accompany almost all cultivation systems in the market allowing fed-batch conditions in small-scale. An alternative, more cost efficient enzymatic glucose release system is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. To overcome these issues, this study investigates a polymer-based fed-batch system for controlled substrate release in microtiter plates. RESULTS Immobilizing a solid silicone matrix with embedded glucose crystals at the bottom of each well of a microtiter plate is a suitable technique for implementing fed-batch conditions in microtiter plates. The results showed that the glucose release rate depends on the osmotic concentration, the pH and the temperature of the medium. Moreover, the applied nitrogen source proved to influence the glucose release rate. A new developed mathematical tool predicts the glucose release for various media conditions. The two model organisms E. coli and H. polymorpha were cultivated in the fed-batch microtiter plate to investigate the general applicability for microbial systems. Online monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate and offline analysis of substrate, product, biomass and pH confirmed that fed-batch conditions are comparable to large-scale cultivations. Furthermore, due to fed-batch conditions in microtiter plates, product formation could be enhanced by the factor 245 compared to batch cultivations. CONCLUSIONS The polymer-based fed-batch microtiter plate represents a sophisticated and cost efficient system to mimic typical industrial fed-batch conditions in small-scale. Thus, a more reliable strain screening and early process development can be performed. A systematical scale-down with low expenditure of work, time and money is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Keil
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Dittrich
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - C. Lattermann
- Kuhner Shaker GmbH, Kaiserstraße 100, 52134 Herzogenrath, Germany
| | - T. Habicher
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Ko CY, Chen XY, Chang WC, Zeng YM, Lin RH, Zhang XB, Wu JSB, Shen SC. Effects of Maillard reaction products in a glucose-glycine alcoholic solution on antioxidative and antimutagenic activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5242-5247. [PMID: 29645274 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marinating meat with alcohol, such as wine and beer, is a common culinary practice in cultures worldwide. In this study we use a model marination solution comprising 0.2 mol L-1 glucose-0.2 mol L-1 glycine buffered to pH 4.3 containing either 0 or 50% ethanol and mimicked the cooking process by heating for 12 h. Antioxidative and antimutagenic characteristics of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were investigated. Reducing power, antioxidant activity (ferrous ion chelating ability), and free radical neutralization ability generated from 1,1-diphenyl-2-pichrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were determined. Ames testing was performed. RESULTS Results indicate that MRPs from aqueous and alcoholic solution exhibit four antioxidative assays in a dose-dependent manner from 0.16 to 10.00 mg mL-1 . However, MRPs from the alcoholic model were superior. In Ames testing, MRPs from both models are neither toxic nor mutagenic at the test concentrations of 0.63-10.00 mg/plate. However, MRPs from the alcoholic model exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on the direct-acting mutagen 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide compared with the aqueous model. This result is consistent with the observation that MRPs with higher antioxidative capacity exhibit superior antimutagenic activity, suggesting that there are more different products in the alcoholic model. CONCLUSION Our results add to the current knowledge about the antioxidative and antimutagenic properties of MRPs arising when food is cooked in the presence of ethanol. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Ko
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Zeng
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hai Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cui H, Duhoranimana E, Karangwa E, Jia C, Zhang X. Sodium sulfite pH-buffering effect for improved xylose-phenylalanine conversion to N-(1-deoxy-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine during an aqueous Maillard reaction. Food Chem 2017; 246:442-447. [PMID: 29291871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The yield of the Maillard reaction intermediate (MRI), prepared in aqueous medium, is usually unsatisfactory. However, the addition of sodium sulfite could improve the conversion of xylose-phenylalanine (Xyl-Phe) to the MRI (N-(1-deoxy-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine) in aqueous medium. Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) showed a significant pH-buffering effect during the Maillard reaction, which accounted for its facilitation of the N-(1-deoxy-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine yield. The results revealed that the pH could be maintained at a relatively high level (above 7.0) for an optimized pH-buffering effect when Na2SO3 (4.0%) was added before the reaction of Xyl-Phe. Thus, the conversion of Xyl-Phe to N-(1-deoxy-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine increased from 47.23% to 74.86%. Furthermore, the addition moment of Na2SO3 and corresponding solution pH were crucial factors in regulating the pH-buffering effect of Na2SO3 on N-(1-deoxy-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine yield. Based on the pH-buffering effect of Na2SO3 and maintaining the optimal pH 7.4 relatively stable, the conversion of Xyl-Phe to N-(1-deoxy-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine was successfully improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Emmanuel Duhoranimana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eric Karangwa
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengsheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Comparison of anti-browning ability and characteristics of the fractionated Maillard reaction products with different polarities. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yu X, Zhao M, Hu J, Zeng S. Formation and antioxidant activity of volatile compounds produced by heating glucose with tyrosine/histidine in water-ethanol and water-glycerol media. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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