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Pan J, Yu Z, Dai J, Jiang H, Shi C, Du Q, Zhu W, Bari L, Fan R, Wang J, Yang Y, Han R. Impact of Processing Methods on the Distribution of Mineral Elements in Goat Milk Fractions. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00575-7. [PMID: 38490559 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are excellent sources of mineral elements, including Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and Zn. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of non-thermal (homogenization) and thermal (heat treatment) treatments on the distribution of mineral elements in 4 milk fractions: fat, casein, whey protein, and aqueous phase. The study results revealed that the distribution of mineral elements (such as Mg and Fe) in fat fractions is extremely low, while significant mineral elements such as Ca, Zn, Fe, and Cu are mostly dispersed in casein fractions. For non-treated goat milk, Mo is the only element identified in the whey protein fraction, while K and Na are mostly found in the aqueous phase. Mineral element concentrations in fat (K, Zn, etc.) and casein fraction (Fe, Mo, etc.) increased dramatically after homogenization. Homogenization greatly decreased the concentration of mineral elements in the whey protein fraction (Ca, Na, etc.) and aqueous phase (Fe, Cu, etc.). After heat treatment, the element content in the fat fraction and casein fraction increased greatly when compared with raw milk, such as Cu and Mg in the fat fraction, Na and Cu in the whey protein fraction, the concentration of components such as Mg and Na in casein fraction increased considerably. On the other hand, after homogenization, Zn in the aqueous phase decreased substantially, whereas Fe increased significantly. Therefore, both homogenization and heat treatment have an effect on the mineral element distribution in goat milk fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Zhongna Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Division of Biosciences, University College London
| | - Hongning Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Cuiping Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Qijing Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Wanting Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Latiful Bari
- Food & Agriculture Research Division, Center for Advance Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka
| | - Rongbo Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Yongxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University; Bathurst Future Agri-Tech Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University; Bathurst Future Agri-Tech Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University.
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Lu YP, Zheng PH, Zhang XX, Li JT, Zhang ZL, Xu JR, Meng YQ, Li JJ, Xian JA, Wang AL. New insights into the regulation mechanism of red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) hepatopancreas under air exposure using transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108505. [PMID: 36581251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is an important freshwater shrimp species worldwide with enormous economic value. Waterless transportation is an inherent feature of red claw crayfish transportation. However, the high mortality of red claw crayfish is a severe problem in the aquaculture of crayfish after waterless transportation. In this study, we investigated the responses of the hepatopancreas from the red claw crayfish undergoing air exposure stress and normal conditions on transcriptome levels. We used Illumina-based RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to perform a transcriptome analysis from the hepatopancreas of red claw crayfish challenged by air exposure. An average of 57,148,800 clean reads per library was obtained, and 33,567 unigenes could be predicted and classified according to their homology with matches in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein sequences (Nr), Gene Ontology (GO), a manually annotated and reviewed protein sequence database (Swiss-Prot), protein families (Pfam), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) of proteins, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. 690 and 3407 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two stress stages of the red claw crayfish. More DEGs were identified in 12 h, indicating that gene expressions were largely changed at 12 h. Some immune-related pathways and genes were identified according to KEGG and GO enrichment analysis. A total of 12 DEGs involved in immune response and trehalose mechanism were verified by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results indicated that the red claw crayfish might counteract the stress of air exposure at the transcriptomic level by increasing expression levels of antioxidant-, immune-, and trehalose metabolism-related genes. These transcriptome results from the hepatopancreas provide significant insights into the influence mechanism of air exposure to the trehalose mechanism and immune response in the red claw crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Peng Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Pei-Hua Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Ze-Long Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Jia-Rui Xu
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Yong-Qi Meng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jian-An Xian
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China.
| | - An-Li Wang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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