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Park SH, Kim JY, Kim EH, Min SG, Park SY. Predictive growth modeling of Yersinia enterocolitica in fresh kimchi cabbage brassica pekinensis as a function of storage temperature. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17978. [PMID: 37483713 PMCID: PMC10362127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a predictive growth model of Yersinia enterocolitica for fresh Kimchi cabbages as a function of storage temperature (5-20 °C). The Baranyi equation used for primary modeling at these storage temperatures was suitable as a model for obtaining lag time (LT) and specific growth rate (SGR) (R2 = 0.97-0.98). As the temperature increased, the growth of Y. enterocolitica tended to increase, with SGR values of 0.33, 0.40, 0.60 and 0.68 log colony-forming units/h at 8, 11, and 15 °C, and LT values of 5.63, 3.54, 2.23 and 1.09 h, respectively. The secondary model was determined by the non-linear regression analysis. The suitability of the modeling results for the SGR and LT value was verified by determining the mean square error (<0.01), bias factor (0.919-0.999), and accuracy factor (1.032-1.136). The predicted models can be used to predict the growth of Y. enterocolitica in Kimchi cabbage at various temperatures and as an effective tool for maintaining the safe level of Y. enterocolitica in the production, processing, and distribution of fresh agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Park
- PracticalTechnology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hae Kim
- PracticalTechnology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gi Min
- PracticalTechnology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, 53064, Republic of Korea
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Tuttle JT, Bruce TJ, Abdelrahman HA, Roy LA, Butts IAE, Beck BH, Kelly AM. Persistence of a Wild-Type Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Isolate in Pond Sediments from Commercial Catfish Ponds: A Laboratory Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030236. [PMID: 36977275 PMCID: PMC10056530 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh) is a major bacterial pathogen in the U.S. catfish industry and is responsible for large-scale losses within commercial ponds. Administering antibiotic feeds can effectively treat vAh infections, but it is imperative to discern new approaches and better understand the mechanics of infection for this bacterium. As such, the persistence of vAh in pond sediments was determined by conducting laboratory trials using sediment from four commercial catfish ponds. Twelve chambers contained sterilized sediment, vAh isolate ML-09-119, and 8 L of water maintained at 28 °C and were aerated daily. At 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, and every 7th day post-inoculation for 28 days, 1 g of sediment was removed, and vAh colony forming units (CFU) were enumerated on ampicillin dextrin agar. Viable vAh colonies were present in all sediments at all sampling periods. The vAh growth curve peaked (1.33 ± 0.26 × 109 CFU g-1) at 96 h post-inoculation. The population plateaued between days 14 and 28. No correlations were found between CFU g-1 and physiochemical sediment variables. This study validated the ability of vAh to persist within pond sediments in a laboratory setting. Further research on environmental factors influencing vAh survivability and population dynamics in ponds is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Tuttle
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Luke A Roy
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ian A E Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Anita M Kelly
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Growth and Spoilage Potential of an Aeromonas salmonicida Strain in Refrigerated Atlantic Cod ( Gadus morhua) Stored under Various Modified Atmospheres. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182757. [PMID: 36140885 PMCID: PMC9497541 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous aquatic bacteria, frequently isolated from seafood. The growth and spoilage potential of an inoculated strain of Aeromonas salmonicida (SU2) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fillets were assessed as a function of various modified atmospheres (MA) (CO2 (67%) with O2 (33%) or N2 (33%), and vacuum packaging (VP)) under refrigerated storage (4 °C) for 13 days. Additionally, the general microbiological quality was assessed by quantifying total aerobic psychrotrophic count (PC), total aerobic plate count (APC), and H2S-producing bacteria. A selection of spoilage metabolites was quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The MA containing CO2/O2 and CO2/N2 significantly inhibited the growth of the inoculated strain throughout storage (p < 0.001), whereas VP allowed for a 3-log increase of Aeromonas in 13 days. No significant effect of the inoculation with A. salmonicida on spoilage metabolite production was detected. Applying O2 instead of N2 in the CO2-enriched atmosphere resulted in a significantly lower PC for 10 days, and H2S-producing bacteria were inhibited in both MAs compared to vacuum. This study provides data that can be used as a basis to further elucidate the role of bacteria belonging to the genus Aeromonas as potential spoilage organisms in marine fish species.
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Kim JY, Jeon EB, Song MG, Park SH, Park SY. Development of predictive growth models of Aeromonas hydrophila on raw tuna Thunnus orientalis as a function of storage temperatures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee HJ, Hoel S, Lunestad BT, Lerfall J, Jakobsen AN. Aeromonas spp. isolated from ready-to-eat seafood on the Norwegian market: prevalence, putative virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 130:1380-1393. [PMID: 33025711 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aim to investigate the prevalence, putative virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of mesophilic Aeromonas isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood available on the Norwegian market, and to assess the potential risks by consuming RTE seafood to consumers. METHODS AND RESULTS The prevalence of mesophilic Aeromonas in 148 RTE seafood was investigated and the highest prevalence was found in retail sushi (17%), followed by oysters (10%), fresh salmon loins (10%) and scallops (4%). Among 43 Aeromonas isolates, 75% of them were identified as A. media, 23% as A. salmonicida and 2% as A. bestiarum based on partial gryB gene sequencing. Aeromonas isolates were potentially pathogenic due to the presence of four virulence genes: alt (73%), hylA (22%), aerA (17%) and act (6%). In addition, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin. Most of the isolates (98%) were multidrug resistant. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of potentially pathogenic and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas strains in RTE seafood implies a potential risk to consumers. Our finding suggests that RTE seafood could be a potential vehicle for the transfer of virulent and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first study to report multiple antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas associated with RTE seafood in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Hoel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B-T Lunestad
- Section for Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Lerfall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A N Jakobsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Park SY, Choi SY, Ha SD. Predictive Modeling for the Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila on Lettuce as a Function of Combined Storage Temperature and Relative Humidity. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:376-383. [PMID: 30864848 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed predictive growth models of Aeromonas hydrophila on lettuce as a function of combined storage temperature (15-35°C) and relative humidity (RH, 60-80%) using a polynomial equation. The primary model of specific growth rate, lag time, and maximum population density showed a good fit (R2 ≥ 0.95) with a Gompertz equation. A secondary model was obtained using a quadratic polynomial equation. The appropriateness of the secondary model was verified by mean square error (0.0001-0.8848), bias factor (Bf = 0.962-1.009), and accuracy factor (Af = 1.002-1.104). The newly developed secondary models for A. hydrophila could be incorporated into the tertiary modeling program to predict the growth of A. hydrophila as a function of combined temperature and RH. The developed model may be useful to predict potential A. hydrophila growth on lettuce, which is important for food safety purpose during the overall food chain of lettuce from farm to table. It could offer reliable and useful information of growth kinetics for the quantification of microbial risk assessment of A. hydrophila on lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- 1 Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- 2 Department of Agrofood Resources, Rural Development of Administration, Wanju-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- 3 Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Republic of Korea
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Hoel S, Vadstein O, Jakobsen AN. The Significance of Mesophilic Aeromonas spp. in Minimally Processed Ready-to-Eat Seafood. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E91. [PMID: 30909614 PMCID: PMC6463141 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimally processed and ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood products are gaining popularity because of their availability in retail stores and the consumers' perception of convenience. Products that are subjected to mild processing and products that do not require additional heating prior to consumption are eaten by an increasing proportion of the population, including people that are more susceptible to foodborne disease. Worldwide, seafood is an important source of foodborne outbreaks, but the exact burden is not known. The increased interest in seafood products for raw consumption introduces new food safety issues that must be addressed by all actors in the food chain. Bacteria belonging to genus Aeromonas are ubiquitous in marine environments, and Aeromonas spp. has held the title "emerging foodborne pathogen" for more than a decade. Given its high prevalence in seafood and in vegetables included in many RTE seafood meals, the significance of Aeromonas as a potential foodborne pathogen and a food spoilage organism increases. Some Aeromonas spp. can grow relatively uninhibited in food during refrigeration under a broad range of pH and NaCl concentrations, and in various packaging atmospheres. Strains of several Aeromonas species have shown spoilage potential by the production of spoilage associated metabolites in various seafood products, but the knowledge on spoilage in cold water fish species is scarce. The question about the significance of Aeromonas spp. in RTE seafood products is challenged by the limited knowledge on how to identify the truly virulent strains. The limited information on clinically relevant strains is partly due to few registered outbreaks, and to the disputed role as a true foodborne pathogen. However, it is likely that illness caused by Aeromonas might go on undetected due to unreported cases and a lack of adequate identification schemes. A rather confusing taxonomy and inadequate biochemical tests for species identification has led to a biased focus towards some Aeromonas species. Over the last ten years, several housekeeping genes has replaced the 16S rRNA gene as suitable genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis. The result is a more clear and robust taxonomy and updated knowledge on the currently circulating environmental strains. Nevertheless, more knowledge on which factors that contribute to virulence and how to control the potential pathogenic strains of Aeromonas in perishable RTE seafood products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Hoel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU⁻Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU⁻Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anita N Jakobsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU⁻Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Hoel S, Vadstein O, Jakobsen AN. Growth of mesophilic Aeromonas salmonicida in an experimental model of nigiri sushi during cold storage. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 285:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Park SY, Ha SD. Predictive growth model of the effects of temperature on the growth kinetics of generic Escherichia coli in the Korean traditional rice cake product " Garaetteok". JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:506-512. [PMID: 29391614 PMCID: PMC5785375 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a predictive growth model of generic Escherichia coli in Garaetteok at a range of storage temperatures (T, 10-40 °C) was developed. The primary models of specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) fit well (R2 ≥ 0.985) using a Gompertz equation. Secondary polynomial models were obtained by non-linear regression and calculated as SGR = - 0.01,570 + 0.0183T + 0.000008T2; LT = 43.2064 - 2.4824T + 0.0355T2. The appropriateness of the secondary models was verified by mean square error (MSE; 0.0006 for SGR, 0.282 for LT), bias factor (B f ; 0.948 for SGR, 0.942 for LT), accuracy factor (A f ; 1.163 for SGR, 1.355 for LT), and coefficient of determination (r2; 0.986 for SGR, 0.996 for LT), and these models were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values used for validation. The secondary models developed in this study may thus be used as practical prediction models for generic E. coli growth in Garaetteok. These newly developed secondary models of SGR and LT for generic E. coli in Garaetteok may thus be incorporated into tertiary modeling programs such as the Korea Pathogen Modeling Program, in which they can easily be used to predict the growth kinetics of E. coli as a function of storage temperature. Ultimately, model developed in this study may be a vital tool for the reduction of E. coli levels in food production, processing, and distribution processes, which in turn will lead to enhanced safety of rice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- School of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Gyunggido 456-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Gyunggido 456-756 Republic of Korea
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Yang S, Park SY, Ha SD. A predictive growth model of Aeromonas hydrophila on chicken breasts under various storage temperatures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vincent AT, Trudel MV, Freschi L, Nagar V, Gagné-Thivierge C, Levesque RC, Charette SJ. Increasing genomic diversity and evidence of constrained lifestyle evolution due to insertion sequences in Aeromonas salmonicida. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:44. [PMID: 26753691 PMCID: PMC4709979 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonads make up a group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes human and fish pathogens. The Aeromonas salmonicida species has the peculiarity of including five known subspecies. However, few studies of the genomes of A. salmonicida subspecies have been reported to date. RESULTS We sequenced the genomes of additional A. salmonicida isolates, including three from India, using next-generation sequencing in order to gain a better understanding of the genomic and phylogenetic links between A. salmonicida subspecies. Their relative phylogenetic positions were confirmed by a core genome phylogeny based on 1645 gene sequences. The Indian isolates, which formed a sub-group together with A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica, were able to grow at either at 18 °C and 37 °C, unlike the A. salmonicida psychrophilic isolates that did not grow at 37 °C. Amino acid frequencies, GC content, tRNA composition, loss and gain of genes during evolution, pseudogenes as well as genes under positive selection and the mobilome were studied to explain this intraspecies dichotomy. CONCLUSION Insertion sequences appeared to be an important driving force that locked the psychrophilic strains into their particular lifestyle in order to conserve their genomic integrity. This observation, based on comparative genomics, is in agreement with previous results showing that insertion sequence mobility induced by heat in A. salmonicida subspecies causes genomic plasticity, resulting in a deleterious effect on the virulence of the bacterium. We provide a proof-of-concept that selfish DNAs play a major role in the evolution of bacterial species by modeling genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony T Vincent
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, G1V 4G5, QC, Canada.
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
| | - Mélanie V Trudel
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, G1V 4G5, QC, Canada.
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
| | - Luca Freschi
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Vandan Nagar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - Cynthia Gagné-Thivierge
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, G1V 4G5, QC, Canada.
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Steve J Charette
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, G1V 4G5, QC, Canada.
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, QC, Canada.
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