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Turanoglu B, Omeroglu MA, Baltaci MO, Adiguzel G, Adiguzel A. Determination of foodborne pathogens in minced beef by real-time PCR without culture enrichment. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 219:106896. [PMID: 38341180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Meat provides the necessary environment for the growth of foodborne pathogens due to its features such as being rich in protein and having sufficient water activity. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7, which can be transmitted through many foods, including water, and cause serious diseases, are among the significant pathogens. In the current study. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in 100 minced beef samples collected from different butchers and markets situated in the central districts of Erzurum province was performed by Real-Time PCR without pre-enrichment and DNA isolation. Linear regression equations of Ct values of standard pathogenic bacteria were created. Ct values of minced beef samples obtained as a result of Real-Time PCR analysis were substituted in the equations, and the amounts of pathogenic bacteria in the samples were determined. Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica were detected in 45, 30, and 29 of 100 minced beef samples, respectively. It is known that the Real-Time PCR method, which is used to detect pathogenic bacteria, is more specific, fast, and reliable than conventional methods. According to the results obtained, it has been clearly observed that with our new approach, pathogenic bacteria growing on foods can be detected sensitively with less cost, shorter amount of time, and minimized workload without pre-enrichment and DNA isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Turanoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Omeroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkan Baltaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Adiguzel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Beres C, Colobatiu L, Tabaran A, Mihaiu R, Mihaiu M. Prevalence and Characterisation of Clostridium perfringens Isolates in Food-Producing Animals in Romania. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1373. [PMID: 37374875 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) recovered from animal faeces, as well as to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of such isolates. A total of 14 (14/100; 14%) C. perfringens isolates were isolated from the 100 analysed samples (twelve recovered from faecal samples collected from pigs and two from veal calves' faecal samples). The preponderant genotype was type A, with all isolates being cpa-positive. The most potent antimicrobial agents against C. perfringens proved to be vancomycin, rifampicin and lincomycin. A strong resistance to tetracycline (71.4%), penicillin (64.2%), erythromycin (42.8%) and enrofloxacin (35.7%) was also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis regarding the prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens in food-producing animals in Romania, adding further evidence for the probable role of animals as a source of resistant C. perfringens strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Beres
- Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liora Colobatiu
- Department of Medical Devices, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Tabaran
- Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romolica Mihaiu
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Babes Bolyai University, Mihail Kogalniceanu Street No.1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Mihaiu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street No. 3/5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kim H, Cho JH, Song M, Cho JH, Kim S, Kim ES, Keum GB, Kim HB, Lee JH. Evaluating the Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Livestock Using Metagenomics Approach. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1701-1708. [PMID: 34675137 PMCID: PMC9706027 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is the most important global health issue due to foodborne pathogens after consumption of contaminated food. Foodborne bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfringens are leading causes of the majority of foodborne illnesses and deaths. These foodborne pathogens often come from the livestock feces, thus, we analyzed fecal microbial communities of three different livestock species to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in livestock feces using metagenomics analysis. Our data showed that alpha diversities of microbial communities were different according to livestock species. The microbial diversity of cattle feces was higher than that of chicken or pig feces. Moreover, microbial communities were significantly different among these three livestock species (cattle, chicken, and pig). At the genus level, Staphylococcus and Clostridium were found in all livestock feces, with chicken feces having higher relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Clostridium than cattle and pig feces. Genera Bacillus, Campylobacter, and Vibrio were detected in cattle feces. Chicken samples contained Bacillus, Listeria, and Salmonella with low relative abundance. Other genera such as Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Helicobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas known to be opportunistic pathogens were also detected in cattle, chicken, and pig feces. Results of this study might be useful for controlling the spread of foodborne pathogens in farm environments known to provide natural sources of these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.B. Kim Phone: +82-41-550-3653 E-mail:
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,
J.H. Lee Phone: +82-2-880-4854 E-mail:
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Jiang H, Qin YM, Yang XT, Li QL, Shen QC, Ding JB, Wei RY, Zhang JD, Sun JL, Sun MJ, Fan XZ. Bacteriological and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated in retail beef in Beijing, China. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1593-1596. [PMID: 34456197 PMCID: PMC8569878 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important zoonotic pathogen. This study was designed to explore the prevalence and toxin types of C. perfringens in retail beef collected from Beijing, China. Among 221 beef samples collected, 53 samples were positive for C. perfringens, resulting in the average prevalence as 23.98%. By toxin gene-based typing, the most C. perfringens strains belong to type A (96.23%, 51/53), only 2 strains were identified as type D. By a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)-based analysis, a total of 36 sequence types (STs) were detected, and the most STs (n=30) represented just a single strain. These finding suggested that the prevalence of C. perfringens in retail beef in Beijing was considerably high and these bacteria displayed extreme diversity in genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu-Ming Qin
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yang
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Li
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing-Chun Shen
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jia-Bo Ding
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Run-Yu Wei
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Jian-Dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Jia-Li Sun
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Xue-Zheng Fan
- Department of Veterinary Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
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Madoroba E, Magwedere K, Chaora NS, Matle I, Muchadeyi F, Mathole MA, Pierneef R. Microbial Communities of Meat and Meat Products: An Exploratory Analysis of the Product Quality and Safety at Selected Enterprises in South Africa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:507. [PMID: 33673660 PMCID: PMC7997435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of food that is contaminated by microorganisms, chemicals, and toxins may lead to significant morbidity and mortality, which has negative socioeconomic and public health implications. Monitoring and surveillance of microbial diversity along the food value chain is a key component for hazard identification and evaluation of potential pathogen risks from farm to the consumer. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial diversity in meat and meat products from different enterprises and meat types in South Africa. Samples (n = 2017) were analyzed for Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella species, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium botulinum using culture-based methods. PCR was used for confirmation of selected pathogens. Of the 2017 samples analyzed, microbial ecology was assessed for selected subsamples where next generation sequencing had been conducted, followed by the application of computational methods to reconstruct individual genomes from the respective sample (metagenomics). With the exception of Clostridium botulinum, selective culture-dependent methods revealed that samples were contaminated with at least one of the tested foodborne pathogens. The data from metagenomics analysis revealed the presence of diverse bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The analyses provide evidence of diverse and highly variable microbial communities in products of animal origin, which is important for food safety, food labeling, biosecurity, and shelf life limiting spoilage by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Nyaradzo Stella Chaora
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa;
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (I.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Farai Muchadeyi
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (F.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Masenyabu Aletta Mathole
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (I.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Rian Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (F.M.); (R.P.)
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Jang YS, Kim DH, Bae D, Kim SH, Kim H, Moon JS, Song KY, Chon JW, Seo KH. Prevalence, toxin-typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from retail meats in Seoul, Korea. Anaerobe 2020; 64:102235. [PMID: 32619505 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It can contaminate many types of retail meat products and cause food poisoning by producing enterotoxins in the small intestines of humans and domestic animals. We investigated the prevalence, toxin-encoding gene profile, and antimicrobial resistance of C. perfringens in beef, chicken, and pork meat purchased from retail markets in Seoul, Korea. C. perfringens was detected according to the International Organization for Standardization 7937, with some modifications, and confirmed using the Vitek 2 system. In total, 38 C. perfringens strains were isolated from 200 meat samples (38/200, 19%; thirty-three from chicken, and five from beef). Among the six toxins evaluated, including alpha, beta, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin (encoded in the cpe gene), and netB, only the cpa gene was detected in all isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was evaluated using the agar dilution method and resistance to ampicillin (12/38, 31.6%), tetracycline (38/38, 100%), chloramphenicol (26/38, 68.4%), metronidazole (13/38, 34.2%), and imipenem (27/38, 71%) was observed. Interestingly, 30 of the 38 isolates (78.9%) were multiple-drug resistant, showing resistance to more than three different antimicrobial classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Jang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyung Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Choi Y, Kang J, Lee Y, Seo Y, Lee H, Kim S, Lee J, Ha J, Oh H, Kim Y, Byun KH, Ha SD, Yoon Y. Quantitative microbial risk assessment for Clostridium perfringens foodborne illness following consumption of kimchi in South Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1131-1139. [PMID: 32670667 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct a risk assessment for Clostridium perfringens foodborne illness via kimchi consumption in South Korea. Prevalence of C. perfringens in kimchi, kimchi consumption amount and frequency, and distribution conditions (time and temperature) from manufacture to the home were determined. C. perfringens initial contamination level was estimated using Beta distribution [Beta (6, 79)]. Potential C. perfringens cell counts during distribution were predicted using the Weibull model (primary models, R 2 = 0.923-0.953) and a polynomial model [(δ = 1/(0.2385 + (- 0.0307 × Temp) + (0.0011 × Temp2)), R 2 = 0.719]. Average daily consumption data was assessed using Gamma distribution [1.0444, 91.767, RiskShift (0.16895), RiskTruncate (0, 1078)]. The mean risk of C. perfringens-associated foodborne illness following kimchi consumption was found to be 1.21 × 10-17. These results suggest that the risk of C. perfringens foodborne illness from kimchi consumption, under current conditions, can be considered to be very low in S. Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Yeongeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
| | - Kye-Hwan Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310 Korea
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Kang IB, Kim DH, Jeong D, Kim H, Seo KH. Contamination Level of Hygiene Indicator and Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Retail Beef in Parallel with Market Factor. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1237-1245. [PMID: 30675116 PMCID: PMC6335133 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the contamination levels of hygienic indicators and foodborne
pathogens in retail meat products were investigated in relation to the various
market factors including processing temperature, processing area, and market
type. Ground beef samples (n=80) were purchased from 40 meat markets and
investigated for microbiological quality. Beefs processed below 20℃ had
significantly lower numbers of total coliforms (TC) than these processed over
20℃ (2.01 vs. 2.79 log CFU/g; p<0.05). Interestingly, separation
of processing area did not affect the contamination levels. Remarkably, the
contamination levels of hygienic indicator differ among market types, indicating
that not only processing condition but distribution structure that is directly
related with storage period could affect the final microbiological loads of the
meat products. In addition, the prevalences of Listeria
monocytogenes (a psychrotroph), Enterococcus
faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were 7.5%
(6/80), 10.0% (8/80), and 20.0% (16/80), respectively, which is irrelevant to
market factors except meat products from wholesale markets where no L.
monocytogenes were found among 30 samples. The results of this
study indicate that the contamination level of hygiene indicator and foodborne
pathogens in retail beef is more related with processing temperature and storage
period than other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Byeong Kang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dana Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang Univ., Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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