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Qian P, Yuan G, Yang C, Zhang Q, Chen L, He N. Kuwanon C inhibits proliferation and induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in MDA-MB231 and T47D breast cancer cells. Steroids 2024; 208:109450. [PMID: 38823755 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent malignancy, presenting persistent therapeutic challenges encompassing issues such as drug resistance, recurrent occurrences, and metastatic progression. Therefore, there is a need for targeted drugs that are less toxic and more effective against breast cancer. Kuwanon C, an isoamylated flavonoid derived from mulberry resources, has shown promise as a potential candidate due to its strong cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The present study focused on investigating the anticancer activity of kuwanon C in two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB231 and T47D cells. MTS assay results indicated a decrease in cell proliferation with increasing concentrations of kuwanon C. Furthermore, kuwanon C upregulated the expression levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and effectively inhibited cell DNA replication and induced DNA damage. Flow cytometry confirmed that kuwanon C induced cell apoptosis and upregulated the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and c-caspase3). Additionally, it stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Transmission electron microscopy and Fluo-4 AM-calcium ion staining experiments provided insights into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), revealing that kuwanon C induced ER stress. Kuwanon C upregulated the expression levels of unfolded protein response-related proteins (ATF4, GADD34, HSPA5, and DDIT3). Overall, the present findings suggested that kuwanon C exerts a potent inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell proliferation through modulating of the p21, induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, activation of ER stress and induction of DNA damage. These results position kuwanon C as a potential targeted therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Gangxiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Peng J, Lu C, Luo Y, Su X, Li S, Ho CT. Hypoglycemic effects and associated mechanisms of resveratrol and related stilbenes in diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:2381-2405. [PMID: 38376230 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has become a global health problem due to changes in diet and lifestyle. Most importantly, persistent hyperglycemia can eventually develop into type II diabetes. While the usage of current drugs is limited by their side effects, stilbenes derived from fruits and herbal/dietary plants are considered as important phytochemicals with potential hypoglycemic properties. Herein, the most common stilbenoids in consumed foods, i.e. resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (THSG), are reviewed in this paper. These stilbenes are found to regulate glucose homeostasis via (a) modulation of feeding behaviour and nutrition absorption; (b) restoration of insulin signalling by enhancing insulin production/insulin sensitivity; (c) improvement of gut permeability, gut microbial profile and resulting metabolomes; and (d) amelioration of circadian rhythm disruption. In this review, we have summarized the underlying mechanisms for the hypoglycemic effects of the five most common dietary stilbenoids listed above, providing a comprehensive framework for future study and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
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Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Hidalgo-García L, Molina-Tijeras JA, Diez-Echave P, López-Escanez L, Rosati L, González-Lozano E, Cenis-Cifuentes L, García-García J, García F, Robles-Vera I, Romero M, Duarte J, Cenis JL, Lozano-Pérez AA, Gálvez J, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Rodríguez-Nogales A. The Prebiotic Effects of an Extract with Antioxidant Properties from Morus alba L. Contribute to Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040978. [PMID: 37107352 PMCID: PMC10136151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue, in which modifications in gut microbiota composition have a key role. Different therapeutic strategies are being developed in combination with diet and exercise, including the use of plant extracts, such as those obtained from Morus alba L. leaves. Recent studies have revealed their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of M. alba L. leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice is correlated with its impact on gut microbiota. The extract reduced body weight gain and attenuated lipid accumulation, as well as increased glucose sensitivity. These effects were associated with an amelioration of the obesity-associated inflammatory status, most probably due to the described antioxidant properties of the extract. Moreover, M. alba L. leaf extract mitigated gut dysbiosis, which was evidenced by the restoration of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and the decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Specifically, the extract administration reduced Alistipes and increased Faecalibaculum abundance, these effects being correlated with the beneficial effects exerted by the extract on the obesity-associated inflammation. In conclusion, anti-obesogenic effects of M. alba L. leaf extract may be mediated through the amelioration of gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura López-Escanez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucrezia Rosati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena González-Lozano
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jorge García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBER-INFECC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Cenis
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Abel Lozano-Pérez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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Cui W, Luo K, Xiao Q, Sun Z, Wang Y, Cui C, Chen F, Xu B, Shen W, Wan F, Cheng A. Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2023; 14:1277-1289. [PMID: 36644880 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02645g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaf (ML) and mulberry leaf extract (MLE) have numerous biological properties, such as regulating sugar and lipid metabolism, reducing blood glucose, and increasing insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of ML/MLE supplementation on glycemic traits in adults, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). Twelve clinical trials (615 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the present meta-analysis, which included sensitivity analysis and GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) certainty. Based on the heterogeneity between included studies, a random effects model was applied in the meta-analysis, and the results are expressed as WMD (weighted mean differences) with 95% CI (confidence intervals). Meta-analysis showed that ML/MLE supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in FBG by -0.47 mmol L-1, HbA1c by -2.92 mmol mol-1, and FPI by -0.58 μIU mL-1. In addition, subgroup analysis indicated that long-term supplementation of ML/MLE (≥8 weeks) was more effective for regulation of the glycemic traits in the non-healthy and baseline FPG >6.1 mmol L-1 subgroups. Glycemic regulation by ML/MLE may be attributed to the phytochemicals they contain, which are mainly 1-deoxynojirimycin, flavonoids, phenolics, and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Kaiyun Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Qian Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Zhaoyue Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yunfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Caifang Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Fuchun Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Ben Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Anwei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Jafari M, Boskabaday MH, Rezaee SA, Rezaeian S, Behrouz S, Ramezannejad R, Pourianfar HR. Lentinan and β-glucan extract from shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, alleviate acute LPS-induced hematological changes in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:836-842. [PMID: 37396940 PMCID: PMC10311971 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.67669.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Immunomodulatory activity of β-glucans of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) has been known. We investigated whether β-glucans from L. edodes would attenuate the acute effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on peripheral hematological parameters in mice. Materials and Methods An in-house β-glucans extract (BG) prepared from fruiting bodies of shiitake mushroom L. edodes was chemically measured and characterized using spectrophotometry and HPLC. Male BALB/c mice directly inhaled aerosolized LPS of 3 mg/ml and were treated with BG or commercial β-glucan (known as lentinan; LNT) (10 mg/kg bw) at 1 hr before or 6 hr after LPS inhalation. The blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from euthanized mice at 16 hr post-treatment. Results The results showed a significant reduction in levels of blood parameters, including red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT); and a significant increase in blood lymphocyte counts in LPS-treated mice as compared with the control mice (P≤0.05). Total white blood cells, neutrophils, and monocyte counts did not show any significant difference among the groups. Treatment of LPS-challenged mice with LNT or BG significantly increased the levels of RBC, HGB, HCT, and PLT; and reduced blood lymphocyte counts as compared with LPS-treated mice (P≤0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that β-glucans from L. edodes might be effective in attenuating the effects of inhaled LPS on peripheral blood parameters. Thus, these findings might be useful in acute inflammatory diseases particularly pulmonary infectious diseases in which the hematological parameters would be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Jafari
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sharareh Rezaeian
- Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute for Industrial Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Behrouz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Ramezannejad
- Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute for Industrial Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Pourianfar
- Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute for Industrial Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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Anshika, Pandey RK, Singh L, Kumar S, Singh P, Pathak M, Jain S. Plant bioactive compounds and their mechanistic approaches in the treatment of diabetes: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing disease across the world; diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder in which blood glucose concentration level increases and continue for a prolonged period due to a decrease secretion of insulin or action, resulting in the disorder of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. The plant-related bioactive compounds have proven their efficacy with least toxicities and can be utilized for the disease treatment. Our objective is to elucidate the mechanism of action of plant bioactive compounds which can give future direction in diabetes treatment.
Main body
In this review paper, we briefly study more than 200 research papers related to disease and bioactive compounds that have therapeutic applicability in treatment. The plant contains many bio-active compounds which possess in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic effect which may be responsible for the hypoglycaemic property by inhibiting the digestive enzyme i.e. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, by producing mimetic action of insulin, by reducing the oxidative stress, by showing antihyperglycemic activity and hypolipidemic activity, by inhibition of aldose reductase, and by increasing or enhancing glucose uptake and insulin secretion.
Conclusion
Our study revealed that terpenes, tannin, flavonoids, saponin, and alkaloids are important bioactive constituents for anti-diabetic activity. The mechanistic approach on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, hypolipidemic activity, and AR inhibitory action clear-cut explain the therapeutic applicability of these bioactive compounds in disease. Plants that contain these bioactive compounds can be good drug candidates for future research on diabetes treatment.
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Maqsood M, Anam Saeed R, Sahar A, Khan MI. Mulberry plant as a source of functional food with therapeutic and nutritional applications: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14263. [PMID: 35642132 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants from the family Moraceae have diverse applications in agriculture, cosmetics, food, and the pharmaceutical industry. Their extensive spectrum of pharmacological activity for treating numerous inflammatory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal problems reflects their biological and therapeutic value. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms related to the biological implications of mulberry extracts, fractions, and isolated bioactive compounds from different parts in various health-related ailments. Additionally, the food industry and animal nutrition applications are summarized. Phytochemicals such as steroids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins are found in this medicinal plant. The aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts, as well as bioactive compounds, have anti-oxidative, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, immune-modulatory, cardioprotective, and skin protecting activities. Mulberry supplementation in food products improves the stability of phenolics, sensory properties, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. Mulberry leaves in animal feed increase the nutrient digestibility, growth parameters, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review summarized the in vivo and in vitro biological activities of the mulberry and isolated constituents in various health conditions. In addition, the food uses such as antioxidant potential, antimicrobial, and physicochemical properties were discussed. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed mulberry as a significant protein source and its flavonoids as potential animal foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ren X, Sun Y, Guo Q, Liu H, Jiang H, He X, Li X, Shi X, Xiu Z, Dong Y. Ameliorating Effect of the Total Flavonoids of Morus nigra L. on Prediabetic Mice Based on Regulation of Inflammation and Insulin Sensitization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12484-12501. [PMID: 36150176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes is a critical stage characterized by insulin resistance. Morus nigra L., an edible plant, is widely used in food and nutritive supplements and exhibits various pharmacological activities; however, its therapeutic effects and mechanisms on prediabetes have rarely been reported. In this research, the major components of total flavonoids of M. nigra L. (TFM) were identified, and TFM treatment was found to reduce prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 93.75 to 18.75%. The microbiota and next-generation sequencing combined with western blotting in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that TFM and its components ameliorated insulin resistance mediated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which benefited by maintaining intestinal homeostasis and restraining plasma levels of inflammatory factors. This study confirmed the T2DM prevention effect of TFM and revealed the underlying mechanism, setting the stage for the design of functional foods for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Ren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Haodong Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoshi He
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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LC-MS Metabolite Profiling and the Hypoglycemic Activity of Morus alba L. Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175360. [PMID: 36080128 PMCID: PMC9457631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-diabetic activity; however, the part of the hypoglycemic activity and related active metabolites are still not fully clarified. In this study, the metabolites in the M. alba roots, leaves, twigs, and fruits extracts (70% ethanol extracts) were systematically identified, and their hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by the high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) mouse model. A total of 60 high-level compounds, including 16 polyphenols, 43 flavonoids, and one quinic acid, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with the fragmentation pathways of standards and the self-established database. Among them, 23 metabolites were reported for the first time from this plant. In contrast to the extracts of M. alba leaves and fruits, the extracts of roots and twigs displayed significant hypoglycemic activity The glycemia was significantly reduced from 32.08 ± 1.27 to 20.88 ± 1.82 mmol/L and from 33.32 ± 1.98 to 24.74 ± 1.02 mmol/L, respectively, after 4 weeks of treatment with roots and twigs extracts. Compound 46 (morusin), which is a high-level component identified from the extracts of M. alba roots, also displayed significant activity in decreasing the blood glucose level of T2D mice reduced from 31.45 ± 1.23 to 23.45 ± 2.13 mmol/L. In addition, the extracts of roots and twigs displayed significant activity in reducing postprandial glycemia. This work marks the first comparison of the metabolites and hypoglycemic activity of M. alba roots, leaves, twigs, and fruits extracts, and provides a foundation for further development of M. alba extracts as anti-diabetic drugs.
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Jin Y, Tu J, Han X, Zhuo J, Liu G, Han Y, Du H, Wang J, Xiao H. Characteristics of Mulberry Leaf Powder Enriched With γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Its Antioxidant Capacity as a Potential Functional Food Ingredient. Front Nutr 2022; 9:900718. [PMID: 35662930 PMCID: PMC9158535 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.900718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the functional properties of mulberry leaves, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enrichment treatments were applied. The results showed that the combined treatment of sodium glutamate immersion, cold shock, and anoxic significantly increased the GABA content. HPLC analysis displayed that the quantity of some active phenolics was significantly increased after the treatment. The GABA-enriched mulberry leaf powders were subsequently prepared, and it was found that as the particle size decreased, their water and oil holding capacity and their swelling power decreased, while the angle of repose increased. The dissolution rate of GABA and total phenolics increased as the particle size decreased. Optical observations and SEM results revealed that the fiber structures of the particles were gradually destroyed as the particle size decreased. Further, FTIR analysis showed that the active compounds in the powders were not destroyed. M400 and M140 powder showed the maximum DPPH radical scavenging ability and AGEs inhibition capacity, respectively. Additionally, adding the powders effectively alleviated the staling of bread without any significant effect on taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Jin
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tu,
| | - Xinyao Han
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Zhuo
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guanhui Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Yanhui Han,
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Hang Xiao,
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Morales Ramos JG, Esteves Pairazamán AT, Mocarro Willis MES, Collantes Santisteban S, Caldas Herrera E. Medicinal properties of Morus alba for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:1022. [PMID: 34912543 PMCID: PMC8593624 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55573.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this review was to evaluate the medicinal potential of Morus alba leaves on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The research question was: what is the therapeutic potential of Morus alba leaves for the control of DM2? Methods: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The included studies were extracted from Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Google Scholar; January 2015 to July 2021. Key search terms were MeSH and DeCS: Morus alba, mulberry, hypoglycemic agent. The inclusion criteria were: studies in rats administered Morus alba leaf extracts; studies that included the dimensions of lipidemia and glycemia; studies that included indicators such as fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Exclusion criteria: studies in which Morus alba leaves were administered with other plants; studies with other parts of the Morus alba plant; proteomic studies, cancer, duplicate studies, in vitro studies, and evaluation of included studies. All included investigations were evaluated for biases. Results: Of 253 studies found, 29 were included. The extracts of Morus alba leaves at the phytochemical level improve glucose uptake. Chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, present in the leaves of Morus alba, have hypoglycemic properties and an ameliorating effect on diabetic nephropathy. This leaf has pharmacological effects such as glucose absorption, insulin secretion production, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity management. Conclusions:Morus alba leaves have pharmacological effects on DM2 that include glucose absorption, production of insulin secretion, antioxidant agent, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities, and obesity control. Beyond these results, there is a lack of studies on the potential and synergistic effects of Morus alba leaves' components, limiting the possibility of a more effective therapy using the plant's leaves.
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Wongon M, Limpeanchob N. Artocarpus lacucha Extract and Oxyresveratrol Inhibit Glucose Transporters in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:709-715. [PMID: 33511623 DOI: 10.1055/a-1324-3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of intestinal glucose absorption might result from either delayed carbohydrate digestion or blockage of glucose transporters. Previously, oxyresveratrol was shown to inhibit α-glucosidase, but its effect on glucose transporters has not been explored. The present study aimed to assess oxyresveratrol-induced inhibition of the facilitative glucose transporter 2 and the active sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. An aqueous extract of Artocarpus lacucha, Puag Haad, which is oxyresveratrol-enriched, was also investigated. Glucose transport was measured by uptake into Caco-2 cells through either glucose transporter 2 or sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 according to the culture conditions. Oxyresveratrol (40 to 800 µM) dose-dependently reduced glucose transport, which appeared to inhibit both glucose transporter 2 and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. Puag Haad at similar concentrations also inhibited these transporters but with greater efficacy. Oxyresveratrol and Puag Haad could help reduce postprandial hyperglycemic peaks, which are considered to be most damaging in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matusorn Wongon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nanteetip Limpeanchob
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Likhitwitayawuid K. Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:4212. [PMID: 34299485 PMCID: PMC8307110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic importance. Oxyresveratrol can be easily obtained from plant materials by conventional methods, and several systems for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol contents in plant materials and plant products are available. Oxyresveratrol possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and protective effects against neurological disorders and digestive ailments. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of oxyresveratrol, including low water solubility and poor oral availability and stability, have posed challenges to its development as a useful therapeutic agent. Recently, several delivery systems have emerged, with promising outcomes that may improve chances for the clinical study of oxyresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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14
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Vora J, Athar M, Sinha S, Jha PC, Shrivastava N. Binding Insight of Anti-HIV Phytocompounds with Prime Targets of HIV: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Analysis. Curr HIV Res 2021; 18:132-141. [PMID: 31995010 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200129112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intense efforts, AIDS is difficult to tackle by current anti-retroviral therapy (ART) due to its side effects; therefore, there is an urgent need to discover potential, multitarget and low-cost anti-HIV compounds. OBJECTIVE We have shown that few phytocompounds can potentially inhibit the prime targets of HIV namely GP120 envelope protein, reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase and ribonulcease. In this study, top ranked prioritized compounds were subjected to Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation in order to study the conformational dynamics and integrity of crucial interaction in the receptor sites. METHODS The system was built for selected protein-ligand complex using TIP3P water model and OPLS_2005 force field. Trajectories were recorded up to 20 ns simulation time in Desmond module of Schrödinger software. RESULTS As a result of a comprehensive analysis of molecular properties and dynamics of the complexes, it has been concluded that Chebulic acid, Curcumin and Mulberroside C could be developed as envelope glycoprotein GP120 inhibitor, reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitor respectively. However, the fluctuation of Chebulic acid with respect to integrase and ribonuclease protein was higher during the simulation. CONCLUSION These findings can aid in the designing of the structural properties for more effective anti-HIV compounds against the given targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaykant Vora
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,Department of Life Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat; India
| | - Mohd Athar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,Department of Life Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat; India
| | - Prakash C Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Mori Ramulus Inhibits Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis and Prevents Insulin Resistance by Restoring Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060901. [PMID: 34204891 PMCID: PMC8229938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta (β)-cell dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may cause insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. As commercial hypoglycemic drugs have side effects, it is necessary to develop safe and effective natural compound-based hypoglycemic treatments. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Mori Ramulus ethanol extract (ME) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mouse model to decipher the underlying mechanisms focusing on apoptosis and mitochondrial function. ME significantly decreased tunicamycin-induced apoptotic cell death and increased insulin secretion following glucose stimulation in NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells. Tunicamycin-exposed NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells showed elevated reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which were reversed by ME treatment. ME inhibited the tunicamycin-induced apoptosis cascade in tunicamycin-exposed NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells. In HFD diabetic mice, the serum-free fatty acid and insulin levels decreased following a 15-week ME administration. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that ME improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, ME ameliorated pancreatic β-cell mass loss in diabetic mice. Finally, ME-treated HFD-fed mice showed improved hepatic mitochondrial function resulting in insulin sensitivity in target tissues. Thus, ME provides protection against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and prevents insulin resistance by improving mitochondrial function.
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16
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Wu J, Yang Q, Jiang X, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Huang R. Oxyresveratrol promotes biofilm formation, cell attachment and aggregation of Streptococcus gordonii in the presence of sucrose. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5854190. [PMID: 32504487 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal colonizer of oral cavity that initiates the formation of dental plaque. Oxyresveratrol is a natural purification from plants with antibacterial effects on various oral bacteria including Streptococcus mutans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxyresveratrol on S. gordonii. The basic viability, biofilm formation and cell aggregation of S. gordonii treated with oxyresveratrol were investigated. Oxyresveratrol dose-dependently inhibited the growth of S. gordonii in the absence of sucrose. However, in the presence of sucrose, it promoted biofilm formation under MIC. Both the biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharides synthesis reached the maximum level at ½ MIC (250 μg/mL) oxyresveratrol. The gene expressions of abpA, abpB, scaA, gtfG, hsa, cshA, cshB, ccpA, srtA and sspB were upregulated when treated with 62.5 and 125 μg/mL oxyresveratrol. A total eight of the ten genes were significantly upregulated at 250 μg/mL oxyresveratrol except abpB and sspB, which were downregulated at 250 μg/mL without significance. In conclusion, oxyresveratrol has dual-effects on S. gordonii. Considering its specific biofilm suppressive effect on S. mutans, it might be a candidate for bacterial interspecies modulator applied in caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoge Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Maier C, Basu P, Thallapareddy C. In vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of dioecious Morus alba (Moraceae) extracts. Pharmacognosy Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_103_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Inhibitory effect of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb and oxyresveratrol on α-glucosidase and sugar digestion in Caco-2 cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03458. [PMID: 32154416 PMCID: PMC7056649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term diabetic complications are exacerbated by post-prandial hyperglycemia which could be ameliorated by α-glucosidase inhibitor including oxyresveratrol. Puag-Haad is an aqueous extract from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. containing ~65% oxyresveratrol. Oxyresveratrol is an inhibitor of isolated yeast α-glucosidase enzyme but has not been tested on intact gut enterocytes where the enzyme is membrane-bound. Accordingly, differentiated Caco-2 cells that contain the native enzyme were used to test maltose hydrolysis in the present study. The results demonstrated that purified yeast α-glucosidase was non-competitively inhibited by oxyresveratrol (Ki 54.4 ± 0.7 μg/mL) and Puag-Haad (2.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL) compared to 153.8 ± 4.3 μg/mL acarbose, an anti-diabetic drug. In differentiated Caco-2 cells, both oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad inhibited maltose hydrolysis with lesser potency compared to acarbose. Thus, although weaker than acarbose, oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad do not inhibit pancreatic amylase which might be a therapeutic asset in preventing fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrate causes abdominal bloating, flatulence, or diarrhea. Oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad may help control postprandial hyperglycemia with low risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
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Wu J, Fan Y, Wang X, Jiang X, Zou J, Huang R. Effects of the natural compound, oxyresveratrol, on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, and on biofilm formation, acid production, and virulence gene expression. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:18-26. [PMID: 31970819 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is one of the major pathogens of dental caries. Oxyresveratrol, a natural compound found in plants, exerts inhibitory effects on many bacterial species but its effect on S. mutans is unknown. The objective of this study was to clarify the antibacterial effect of oxyresveratrol on S. mutans, including effects on basic viability, acidogenicity, acidurity, and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis. The expression of nine genes that encode virulence and protective factors in S. mutans was measured by qRT-PCR. Oxyresveratrol showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on survival of S. mutans. At 250 μg ml-1 , oxyresveratrol reduced the S. mutans survival rate, inhibited synthesis of water-insoluble glucans, compromised biofilm formation, and significantly down-regulated the expression of glucosyltransferase-I (gtfB) and glucosyltransferase-SI (gtfC). However, the enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase protein was increased and the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and ATP synthase subunit beta (atpD) genes were also up-regulated. Besides, glucosyltransferase S (gtfD) up-regulation indicated that water-soluble glucan synthesis was promoted. The vicR, liaR, and comDE genes, which exert a self-protective function in response to external stress, were also up-regulated. In conclusion, oxyresveratrol inhibited the growth of S. mutans and also reduced biofilm formation, acid production, and synthesis of water-insoluble glucans by this organism. In addition, oxyresveratrol also activated a series of S. mutans self-protection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoge Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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The structure-activity relationship review of the main bioactive constituents of Morus genus plants. J Nat Med 2020; 74:331-340. [PMID: 31897975 PMCID: PMC7205851 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Morus genus plants are mainly distributed in the temperate to tropical areas over the world and include 17 species and two subspecies. Due to their excellent pharmacological activity, security in food additives and high value in the national economy, Morus genus plants have drawn more and more attention in recent years. In the light of the references published over the last few decades, flavonoids, benzofurans, stilbenes, and Diels–Alder adducts have been reported to be the main bioactive constituents of Morus genus plants. This review summarizes the compounds with excellent bioactivities isolated from Morus genus plants as well as their structure–activity relationships (SARs), which might be useful for the further research and development of Morus genus plants. Graphic abstract ![]()
The aromatic heterocycles with excellent bioactivities isolated from Morus genus plants as well as their structure–activity relationships (SARs) were summarized.
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Rodrigues EL, Marcelino G, Silva GT, Figueiredo PS, Garcez WS, Corsino J, Guimarães RDCA, Freitas KDC. Nutraceutical and Medicinal Potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020301. [PMID: 30646503 PMCID: PMC6358891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many populations use medicinal plants as a therapeutic treatment, due to their lower cost and greater access. Among the plant species used for medicinal purposes are those of the genus Morus. The most known species are Morus alba, rubra, and nigra. This review aims to collect data from the literature, predominantly from cell and animal studies, which presents a possible nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the species Morus for use in metabolic dysfunctions. The fruits and leaves of mulberry are used for therapeutic purposes. For scientific confirmation of these effects, they were studied for laxative properties, antibacterial activity, anti-atherogenic activity, and hepatoprotective function. Furthermore, the genus Morus is recognized for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus, through its hypoglycemic action. It may also provide health benefits through immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive effects. It has been found that the Morus species have phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that act as important antioxidants and promote beneficial effects on human health. These phytochemical compounds differ among species. Blackberry (Morus nigra) are rich in flavonoids, while the white mulberry (Morus alba) has low concentrations of flavonoids and anthocyanins. In addition, another important factor is to ensure a complete exemption of toxic risks in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown no toxic effects by the administration of extracts of Morus species. Thus, the mulberry tree presents nutraceutical potential. It is therefore a promising alternative for medicinal products based on medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisana Lima Rodrigues
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Torres Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Corsino
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
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