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Yuan M, Zhang Z, Liu T, Feng H, Liu Y, Chen K. The Role of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides in Alleviating Human Chronic Diseases by Regulating the Gut Microbiota: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:2157. [PMID: 38998662 PMCID: PMC11241040 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut has been a focus of chronic disease research. The gut microbiota produces metabolites that act as signaling molecules and substrates, closely influencing host health. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), as a common dietary fiber, play an important role in regulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Their mechanism of action is mainly attributed to providing a carbon source as specific probiotics, producing related metabolites, and regulating the gut microbial community. However, due to the selective utilization of oligosaccharides, some factors, such as the type and structure of oligosaccharides, have different impacts on the composition of microbial populations and the production of metabolites in the colon ecosystem. This review systematically describes the key factors influencing the selective utilization of oligosaccharides by microorganisms and elaborates how oligosaccharides affect the host's immune system, inflammation levels, and energy metabolism by regulating microbial diversity and metabolic function, which in turn affects the onset and progress of chronic diseases, especially diabetes, obesity, depression, intestinal inflammatory diseases, and constipation. In this review, we re-examine the interaction mechanisms between the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites and diseases, and we explore new strategies for promoting human health and combating chronic diseases through dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, China;
| | - Tongying Liu
- Jiangxi Maternel and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330108, China;
| | - Hua Feng
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, China;
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Research Institute of Nanchang University, Chongqing 402660, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Shangrao Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
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Park CW, Lee J, Hong YH, Kim YS, Suh HJ, Ahn Y. Coadministration of Lactulose with Probiotics Ameliorates Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:427-435. [PMID: 38188082 PMCID: PMC10764220 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of mixtures of lactulose with probiotic strains to ameliorate constipation and to identify suitable probiotic strains. Constipation was induced in Institute of Cancer Research mice (6-week-old, male) by the administering loperamide (5 mg/kg, twice a day) orally for 5 days, whereas the control group was not treated. To evaluate the laxative effects of the lactulose-probiotic and lactulose-magnesium hydroxide mixtures, fecal parameters, the gastrointestinal (GI) transit ratio, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were analyzed. The administration of lactulose and Bacillus licheniformis or Saccharomyces boulardii significantly improved stool number and water content, which were reduced by loperamide. The GI transit ratio was significantly increased compared with that of the control group. The combined administration of lactulose and probiotics (B. licheniformis or S. boulardii) increased total SCFA content, including that of acetate, more effectively compared with lactulose alone. Similarly, coadministration of lactulose and magnesium hydroxide improved the loperamide-induced changes in fecal parameters and GI transit as well as increased total SCFA content. Overall, the combination of lactulose and probiotics relieves the symptoms of constipation by increasing SCFA content and is more effective compared with lactulose alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Woong Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yang Hee Hong
- Department of Beauty Art, Suwon Women’s University, Gyeonggi 16632, Korea
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Ansan University, Gyeonggi 15328, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Wang Q, Shen F, Zhang J, Zhuang J, Feng F. Wheat peptides with different hydrolysis degree have similar relief effect in constipated mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Wen P, Chen Y, Ouyang D, Wang D, Zhang B, Deng J, Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang H. The Anti-Constipation Effects of Raffino-Oligosaccharide on Gut Function in Mice Using Neurotransmitter Analyses, 16S rRNA Sequencing and Targeted Screening. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072235. [PMID: 35408632 PMCID: PMC9000249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Raffino-oligosaccharide (ROS), the smallest oligosaccharide of the raffinose family, is a novel food ingredient. However, the anti-constipation effects of ROS remain obscure. This study investigates the anti-constipation effects of ROS based on the loperamide-induced mice model and reveals the underlying mechanism using constipation parameters, neurotransmitter level, 16S rRNA sequencing, and the targeted screening strategy. The prevention effects were firstly investigated by the gastro-intestinal transit rate experiment (50 mice) and defecation status experiment (50 mice), which were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): blank, model, and low-, medium- and high-dose ROS. Furthermore, the slow-transit constipation experiment (blank, model, and high-dose ROS, n = 10/group) was conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that ROS aided in preventing the occurrence of constipation by improving the gastro-intestinal transit rate and the defecation frequency in mice, and ROS significantly reduced the serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In addition, ROS regulated the diversity and structure of intestinal flora. Among them, one specific family and six specific genera were significantly regulated in constipated mice. The targeted screening revealed that 29 targets related to the anti-constipation effects of ROS, indicating ROS may play a role by regulating multiple targets. Furthermore, the network pharmacology analysis showed that Akt1, Stat3, Mapk8, Hsp90aa1, Cat, Alb, Icam1, Sod2, and Gsk3b can be regarded as the core anti-constipation targets. In conclusion, ROS could effectively relieve constipation, possibly by inhibiting the level of neurotransmitters and regulating the gut flora in mice. This study also provides a novel network pharmacology-based targeted screening strategy to reveal the anti-constipation effects of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511400, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Peng Wen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongmei Ouyang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511400, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanming Sun
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.W.)
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Kongdang P, Pruksakorn D, Koonrungsesomboon N. Preclinical experimental models for assessing laxative activities of substances/products under investigation: a scoping review of the literature. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:698-717. [PMID: 35273679 PMCID: PMC8902583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal problem worldwide. Its impact on health can range from an unpleasant problem to being seriously troublesome. When lifestyle modification fails to deal with constipation, laxatives are the mainstay of therapy. There are several types of laxatives currently available; however, there still remains a need for better laxatives because certain currently available laxatives are not appropriate for or accessible to some patients. Preclinical experiments to study the laxative potential of substances/products of interest are vital to improving that situation. The selection of appropriate experimental models for assessing the laxative activities of substances/products under investigation is crucial to achieving valid and meaningful results. This article provides a scoping review of the literature, outlining, and summarizing models currently being used in preclinical experiments assessing the laxative activities of substances/products under investigation. The review includes both screening models, e.g., the isolated organ bath system, in vivo fecal assessment and intestinal transit assay, and confirmation models, e.g., in vivo constipation models. Chemical substances/drugs used to induce constipation in in vivo constipation models, e.g., loperamide, diphenoxylate, montmorillonite, and clonidine, as well as standard laxative agents used as a positive control in experimental models, e.g., bisacodyl, carbachol, lactulose, sodium picosulfate, castor oil, phenolphthalein, and yohimbine, are described in detail. The purpose of this article is to assist researchers in the design and implementation of preclinical experimental models for assessing laxative activities of substances/products under investigation to achieve valid and meaningful preclinical results prior to experimentation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patiwat Kongdang
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
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Inatomi T, Honma M. Effects of probiotics on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24098. [PMID: 34916548 PMCID: PMC8677781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of probiotics in mitigating constipation, gut immunity, and gut microbiota has not been well studied. We aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on loperamide (LP)-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Altogether, 150 male Sprague-Dawley rats (age 8 weeks) were used in the experiments following a 12-day acclimatisation period and were randomly divided into three treatment groups (groups 1, 2, and 3). Spastic constipation was induced via oral LP administration (3 mg/kg) for 6 days, 1 h before administering each test compound in groups 1 and 2. A probiotic solution (4 mL/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 6 days in group 2. In group 1, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days, 1 h after each LP administration. In group 3, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days. In the probiotic group, faecal parameters improved; faecal n-butyric acid, acetic acid, and IgA concentrations were increased; intestinal transit time was shortened; and disturbance of intestinal microbiota was inhibited. Our findings suggest that this probiotic was useful in improving various symptoms caused by constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takio Inatomi
- Inatomi Animal Hospital, 1-1-24 Denenchofu, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 145-0071, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Honma
- Kusama Animal Health Laboratory, 2240 Tsunehiro, Kashima-shi, Saga, 849-1301, Japan
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Zhang Y, Lu T, Dong Y, Chen Y, Chen JDZ. Auricular vagal nerve stimulation enhances gastrointestinal motility and improves interstitial cells of Cajal in rats treated with loperamide. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14163. [PMID: 33991455 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders affect a large proportion of the population with limited treatment options. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential of a non-invasive method of auricular vagal nerve stimulation (aVNS) for treating GI dysmotility and to explore possible mechanisms involving slow waves and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). METHODS Normal rats were treated daily with loperamide for 1 week and then treated, while still on daily loperamide, with aVNS/Sham-aVNS for another 1 week. Gastric emptying (GE), small intestine transit (SIT), and GI slow waves were measured. The plasma level of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and noradrenaline (NE) was assessed by ELISA. ICC in the gastric antrum were detected by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS (a) aVNS significantly increased the percentage of normal GI slow waves (p < 0.05 for both fasting and postprandial states, vs. Sham-aVNS) and accelerated GE (p < 0.05, vs. Sham-aVNS) and SIT (p < 0.05, vs. Sham-aVNS) impaired by loperamide. (b) aVNS increased plasma PP (p < 0.01) and decreased plasma NE (p < 0.01), compared with Sham-aVNS. (c) Gastric ICC was decreased by loperamide (p < 0.01) but increased after aVNS (p < 0.01, vs. Sham aVNS). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Loperamide induces upper GI dysmotility. aVNS accelerates upper GI transit and improving pace-making activity mediated via the ICC. Non-invasive aVNS may have a therapeutic potential for upper GI dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hu M, Fang C, Liu Y, Gao M, Zhang D, Shi G, Yin Z, Zheng R, Zhang J. Comparative study of the laxative effects of konjac oligosaccharides and konjac glucomannan on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:7709-7717. [PMID: 34286775 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is the basic therapeutic method to relieve the symptoms of chronic constipation. The aim of this study was to compare the laxative effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and konjac oligosaccharides (KOS) on constipated rats. KGM and KOS were administered to loperamide-induced constipated rats at dosages of 100 mg per kg bw and 400 mg per kg bw for 15 days. Feces were collected to evaluate the defecation function. X-ray imaging and an electrophysiological system were used to determine gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to measure the protein levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess flatulence. Our results demonstrated that low-dose KOS (L-KOS) exerted the best laxative effect. Compared to the normal control (NC) group, the fecal number in the L-KOS group increased by 39.4%, and the fecal weight significantly increased by 31.9% which was higher than those in the low-dose KGM (L-KGM) and high-dose KGM (H-KGM) groups. The fecal moisture content and transit scores were significantly increased only in the L-KOS group. Meanwhile, less GI gas was produced by KOS. Additionally, further investigations suggested that KOS could upregulate the protein expression of stem cell factors (SCF)/c-kit, and significantly promoted the secretion of mucus. In conclusion, compared to KGM, KOS had a conspicuous laxative effect especially at a low dosage. The potential laxative mechanisms of KOS probably are regulating the SCF/c-kit signalling pathway and increasing mucus secretion. These findings indicated that as a kind of functional oligosaccharide, KOS is more conducive to alleviating constipation compared to polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Hu
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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Lan J, Wang K, Chen G, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide on diphenoxylate-induced constipation, gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and the intestinal flora in rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:9216-9225. [PMID: 33030479 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prebiotics inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) influence intestinal health and immunity, but their effects on constipation are not clearly established. We evaluated the effects of INU and IMO in a rat model of diphenoxylate-induced constipation. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: basal diet (Con), 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate (PCon), 20 g kg-1 INU and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate, and 20 g kg-1 IMO and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate. INU and IMO increased the number, weight, and water content of fecal pellets, and decreased the time to the first black stool in rats with constipation. Serum levels of the gastrointestinal motility-related hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), motilin (MTL), and Substance P (SP) were higher and corticosterone (CORT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were lower in rats treated with prebiotics than in untreated rats. Colon tissue levels of MTL and SP were increased, and VIP and CGRP were decreased by prebiotics. Furthermore, in rats with constipation, INU and IMO increased the colonic contents of short-chain fatty acids. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the prebiotics groups than in the Con and PCon groups. Lactobacillus was more abundant in the INU and IMO groups than in PCon rats. Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus intestinalis were more abundant in the IMO group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01), and L. intestinalis was more abundant in the INU group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01). In summary, INU and IMO improved constipation and altered the intestinal microbiota in a rat model of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Kangli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Zhang Y, Lu T, Meng Y, Maisiyiti A, Dong Y, Li S, Chen Y, Yin J, Chen JDZ. Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation Improves Constipation by Enhancing Colon Motility via the Central-Vagal Efferent Pathway in Opioid-Induced Constipated Rats. Neuromodulation 2021; 24:1258-1268. [PMID: 33887080 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Constipation and opioid-induced constipation (OIC) are common with limited treatment options. We investigated whether a noninvasive method of auricular vagal nerve stimulation (aVNS) could be used for treating OIC and explored its potential mechanisms and neural pathways in a rodent model of OIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley were chronically implanted with one pair of auricular electrodes for aVNS. Sixteen rats were treated with loperamide for a week while another 16 rats received bilateral vagotomy, then randomly treated with aVNS or sham-aVNS for a week. In addition, eight normal rats were implanted with a polyethylene catheter in the proximal colon for assessing whole colon transit. RESULTS 1) The number of fecal pellets and water content in feces increased after aVNS, compared with sham-aVNS. 2) aVNS accelerated colon transit and whole gut transit, compared with sham-aVNS. 3) In colon tissues, aVNS increased the protein expression of choline acetyltransferase, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and the c-kit expression in myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal but decreased the protein expression of neural nitric oxide synthase (p < 0.05 for all, vs. sham-VNS). 4) The prokinetic effects of aVNS were abolished by both subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and atropine. 5) aVNS increased the c-fos expression in both nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, and increased vagal efferent activity (p < 0.05, vs. sham-VNS). CONCLUSIONS aVNS improves OIC by enhancing colon motility and restoring enteric neural functions mediated via the central and vagal efferent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alimujiang Maisiyiti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shiying Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kim MG, Jo K, Chang YB, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Changes in the Gut Microbiome after Galacto-Oligosaccharide Administration in Loperamide-Induced Constipation. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040161. [PMID: 33050434 PMCID: PMC7711924 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unbalanced dietary habits and the consumption of high protein and instant foods cause an increase in constipation. Here, we evaluated the effects of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on a rat model of loperamide-induced constipation by measuring various biological markers and cecal microbiota. The fecal water content and intestinal transit ratio significantly increased in the GOS-administered (GL and GH) groups than in the control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively). The length of intestinal mucosa (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and area of crypt cells were (p < 0.01, both) significantly increased in the GOS-administered groups compared to the control group. The distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal, which is related to the intestinal movement, showed a significant increase in GOS-administered groups than in the control group (p < 0.01, both). The relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, significantly increased in the GL group than in the control group. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the gut microbiota in the GL groups. These results demonstrated that GOS administration effectively alleviates constipation by increasing LAB proliferation in the intestinal microbiota and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ki-Bae Hong
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Liu X, Chen S, Yan Q, Li Y, Jiang Z. Effect of Konjac mannan oligosaccharides on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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