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Yin N, Shen D, Liang Y, Wang P, Li Y, Liu N. A Female-Biased Chemosensory Protein PxutCSP19 in the Antennae of Papilio xuthus Tuned to Host Volatiles and Insecticides. INSECTS 2024; 15:501. [PMID: 39057234 PMCID: PMC11276849 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemosensory protein (CSP) genes significantly enriched in the female antennae are potential molecular candidates for mediating female oviposition behaviors. In this study, we presented the interaction mechanisms of a female-antenna-biased PxutCSP19 in Papilio xuthus to 47 host volatiles, four biopesticides and 24 synthetic insecticides. Using a bioinformatics-based homology search, 22 genes orthologous to PxutCSP19 were identified from 22 other Papilio butterflies with high sequence identities to each other (73.20~98.72%). Multiple alignment analyses revealed a particularly extended N-terminus of Papilio CSP19s (an average of 154 residues) compared to insects' typical CSPs (approximately 120 residues). The expression profiles indicated that PxutCSP19 was significantly enriched in the female antennae, with a 31.81-fold difference relative to the male antennae. In ligand-binding assays, PxutCSP19 could strongly bind six host odorants with high affinities, ranging from dissociation constant (Ki) values of 20.44 ± 0.64 μM to 22.71 ± 0.73 μM. Notably, this protein was tuned to a monoterpenoid alcohol, linalool, which generally existed in the Rutaceae plants and elicited electrophysiological and behavioral activities of the swallowtail butterfly. On the other hand, PxutCSP19 was also capable of binding eight insecticides with stronger binding abilities (Ki < 12 μM) compared to host odorants. When an extended N-terminal region of PxutCSP19 was truncated into two different proteins, they did not significantly affect the binding of PxutCSP19 to ligands with high affinities, suggesting that this extended N-terminal sequences were not involved in the specificity of ligand recognition. Altogether, our study sheds light on the putative roles of PxutCSP19 enriched in the female antennae of P. xuthus in the perception of host volatiles and the sequestering of insecticides, and it complements the knowledge of butterfly CSPs in olfaction and insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningna Yin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (N.Y.); (D.S.); (Y.L.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (N.Y.); (D.S.); (Y.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Yinlan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (N.Y.); (D.S.); (Y.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (N.Y.); (D.S.); (Y.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Yonghe Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Naiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (N.Y.); (D.S.); (Y.L.); (P.W.)
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Wen J, Xiang Q, Guo J, Zhang J, Yang N, Huang Y, Chen Y, Hu T, Rao C. Pharmacological activities of Zanthoxylum L. plants and its exploitation and utilization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33207. [PMID: 39022083 PMCID: PMC11252797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to provide an up-to-date review at the advancements of the investigations on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological effect and exploitation and utilizations of Zanthoxylum L. Besides, the possible tendency and perspective for future research of this plant are discussed, as well. This article uses "Zanthoxylum L." "Zanthorylum bungeanum" as the keywords and collects relevant information on Zanthoxylum L. plants through electronic searches (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, Web of Science, Science Direct, CNKI, Google Scholar), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb. The plants of this genus are rich in volatile oils, alkaloids, amides, lignans, coumarins and organic acids, and has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-infectious. This article reviewed both Chinese and international research progress on the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of Zanthoxylum L. as well as the applications of this genus in the fields of food, medicinal and daily chemicals, and clarified the material basis of its pharmacological activities. Based on traditional usage, phytochemicals, and pharmacological properties, of Zanthoxylum L. species, which indicate that they possess diverse bioactive metabolites with interesting bioactivities. Zanthoxylum L. is a potential medicinal and edible plant with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to its various advantages, it may have vast application potential in the food and medicinal industries and daily chemicals. Nonetheless, the currently available data has several gaps in understanding the herbal utilization of Zanthoxylum L. Thus, further research into their toxicity, mechanisms of actions of the isolated bioactive metabolites, as well as scientific connotations between the traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological properties is required to unravel their efficacy in therapeutic potential for safe clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Qiwen Xiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
- R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li X, Zhou S, Liu M, Li S, Liu H, Gao H, Zhao A, Zhang Y, Huang L, Sun J. Preparation and Characterization of Prickly Ash Peel Oleoresin Microcapsules and Flavor Retention Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1726. [PMID: 38890954 PMCID: PMC11171865 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prickly ash peel oleoresin (PPO) is a highly concentrated oil of Prickly ash essential oil and has a stronger aroma. However, its low water solubility, high volatility, difficulty in transport and storage, and decomposition by light, heat, and oxygen limit its wider application. To solve this problem, this study used freeze-drying or spray-drying, with soybean protein isolate (SPI) or gum Arabic (GA), combined with aqueous maltodextrin (MD) as the encapsulating agents to prepare four types of PPO microcapsules (POMs). Spray-dried microcapsules with GA as the encapsulating agent achieved a high encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 92.31 ± 0.31%, improved the thermal stability of the PPO, and had spherical morphology. (Headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) HS-SPME/GC-MS detected 41 volatile compounds in PPO; of these, linalool, β-myrcene, sabinene, and D-limonene were identified as key flavor components. Principal component analysis (PCA) effectively distinguished the significant differences in flavor between PPO, spray-dried SPI/MD microcapsules (SS), and spray-dried GA/MD microcapsules (SG). During 15 days of air-exposure, the loss of flavor from SG (54.62 ± 0.54%) was significantly lower than PPO (79.45 ± 1.45%) and SS (57.55 ± 0.36%). During the air-exposure period, SG consistently had the highest antioxidant capacity, making it desirable for PPO packaging, and expanding its potential applications within the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Xichao Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Electrical Vehicle Power System (Qingdao), College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Sen Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mengkai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Shengxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - He Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aiyun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- LIHOOS (Qingdao) Food Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Liu Huang
- LIHOOS (Qingdao) Food Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (M.L.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (A.Z.)
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Feng J, Hao L, Zhu H, Li M, Liu Y, Duan Q, Jia L, Wang D, Wang C. Combining with volatilomic profiling and chemometrics to explore the volatile characteristics in five different dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113719. [PMID: 38128985 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the short picking period of the fresh Zanthoxylum bungeanum, the postharvest drying has become an essential operation before the storage and transportation of Z. bungeanum. To explore the effects of drying methods on volatile characteristics, the volatilomic profiling of five different dried Z. bungeanum was investigated by E-nose, HS-SPME-GC/MS, GC-IMS in combination with chemometrics. The results indicated that W1W, W2W and W5S sensors within E-nose analysis showed the strongest responses in both fresh and dried Z. bungeanum. According to the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), terpenes, esters and alcohols played the major roles in the volatile formation of the fresh and dried Z. bungeanum. The samples derived from hot air drying showed the relatively similar features with the fresh sample based on the relative abundances of these major VOCs. According to the results of multiple factor analysis (MFA), GC-IMS showed the strongest ability in distinguishing the fresh and different dried samples. Compared with the high levels of terpenes in fresh group, the significant increasement of terpene alcohols and terpene esters from the degradation and transformation of bound terpenoids was the main characteristics of all dried Z. bungeanum. Using the GC-IMS datasets, a weighted correlation network analysis (WCNA) model was constructed to clarify the VOC characteristics in all detetected samples. Thereinto, 6 significantly correlated modules were identified in fresh and five different dried samples. Additionally, a total of 23 hub VOCs can be recognized as the potential biomarkers for better distinguishing the fresh and five different dried Z. bungeanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Feng
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lifang Hao
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haobin Zhu
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Maoying Li
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiuxiao Duan
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lili Jia
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Han N, Sun L, Zhang J, Yuan W, Wang C, Zhao A, Wang D. Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics to characterize key pigment compounds and genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in Zanthoxylum bungeanum peel. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14031. [PMID: 37882301 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important condiment with high economic value and its peel color is one of the main quality indexes. However, the key pigment compounds and related genes are still unclear affecting the quality control of the plants. In this study, the contents of four types of pigments were measured in Z. bungeanum and flavonoids were identified as the most important pigments. Based on the targeted flavonoid metabolomics of Z. bungeanum peels, 14 key pigment compounds were screened out from 152 flavonoids, among which cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the most critical compounds for peel color. They were further verified to be present in nine varieties of Z. bungeanum by HPLC fingerprints. The 14 compounds were all associated with flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways and the 39 differentially expressed genes related to these pathways were annotated and screened based on transcriptomics. The genes ZbDFR, ZbANS, and ZbUFGT were identified as three key genes for anthocyanin synthesis in Z. bungeanum peels. Further qRT-PCR results confirmed the reliability of transcriptomics and the accuracy of gene screening. Subsequent protein induced expression demonstrated that ZbANS and ZbUFGT were expressed after 12 h induced by IPTG while ZbDFR was expressed after 15 h. Further transient and stable transformation analysis confirmed that both anthocyanin content and the expression of ZbDFR were significantly increased in overexpression Z. bungeanum leaves and Nicotiana benthamiana. The functional effect of stable transformation of ZbDFR was more significant than that of transient transformation with a 7.67-fold/1.49-fold difference in total anthocyanin content and a 42.37-fold/12.32-fold difference in the expression of ZbDFR. This study provides new insights into the chemical composition and the molecular mechanisms of Z. bungeanum peel color and lays an effective foundation for the color quality control, multi-purpose utilization of Z. bungeanum and the creation of new germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leiwen Sun
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aiguo Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Shao Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Wang P, Li K, Li C. Comparison and discrimination of the terpenoids in 48 species of huajiao according to variety and geographical origin by E-nose coupled with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112629. [PMID: 37087205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique flavor and aroma characteristics of huajiao were not only influenced by cultivated varieties, maturity, but also geographic origin. This study compared the terpenoids of 48 species of huajiao using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose). The E-nose results showed differences in huajiao from different origins and varieties, and from the PCA loading plots it was possible to conclude that some samples contained higher levels of hydrocarbons and alcohols, providing a preliminary discrimination between different species of huajiao. Further, GC-MS results showed that six key biomarkers could be used to distinguish red and green huajiao. Red huajiao in Central China contained more terpenoids than in other regions. Nine key biomarkers could be used to distinguish red huajiao from different regions. Oil huajiao exhibited a more distinct aroma in red huajiao. Green huajiao from Yunnan Province had more terpenoids than that from other provinces. The terpenoids content of Yunnan zhuyeqing was higher than other green huajiao. Heatmap analysis helped to find the most contributors of huajiao, which could be used as key terpenoids to differentiate huajiao of different regions or cultivars. Finally, through the correlation analysis of E-nose and GC-MS, it was found that the E-nose sensors could distinguish different huajiao by specific responses to some terpenoids in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Rui 678600, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuoya Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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The Discrimination and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Areas of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Pericarps and Leaves by HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223745. [PMID: 36429337 PMCID: PMC9689319 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (ZBP) and leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (ZBL) are popular spices in China, and they have pharmacological activities as well. In this experiment, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Sichuan (SJ) and its leaves (SJY) and the pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Shaanxi (SHJ) and its leaves (SHJY) were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The fingerprint of HS-GC-IMS and the heat maps of HS-SPME-GC-MS were established. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed. The results showed that a total of 95 components were identified, 62 components identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS and 40 components identified by HS-GC-IMS, of which 7 were the same. The analysis found that SJ and SHJ were obviously distinguished, while SJY and SHJY were not. There were considerably fewer VOCs in the leaves than in the pericarps. In the characterization of the VOCs of ZBL and ZBP, the flavor of ZBP was more acrid and stronger, while the flavor of ZBL was lighter and slightly acrid. Thirteen and eleven differential markers were identified by HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS, respectively. This is helpful in distinguishing between SHJ and SJ, which contributes to their quality evaluation.
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Liu C, Guo H, Liu H, Yu J, Li S, Zhu T, Owusu AM, Li S. Differential Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Pestalotiopsis kenyana Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1208. [PMID: 36422029 PMCID: PMC9698000 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper leaf spot is a common disease of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. When it is serious, it directly affects the growth of Z. schinifolium, making the plant unable to blossom and bear fruit, which seriously restricts the development of the Z. schinifolium industry. Therefore, the pathogenic mechanism of leaf spots should be explored to provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the disease. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology combined with the data-dependent acquisition, the full spectrum analysis of pathogen mycelium samples was carried out. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to reveal the differences in metabolic patterns among different groups. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and PLS-DA were used to reveal the relationship between samples and metabolites, which reflected the metabolomics changes of Pestalotiopsis kenyana in the logarithmic growth phase of mycelia, the stable growth phase of mycelia, the massive spore stage, the induction culture conditions of PDA and Z. schinifolium leaves, and the possible pathogenic substances were selected for pathogenicity detection. PLS-DA had a strong predictive ability, indicating a clear analysis trend between different groups. The results of the metabolomics analysis showed that the differential metabolites of pathogenic bacteria were abundant at different stages and under different medium conditions, and the content of metabolites changed significantly. There were 3922 differential metabolites in nine groups under positive and negative ion modes, including lipids and lipid molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic heterocyclic compounds, organic oxygen compounds, carbohydrate polyketides, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogs. The results of the pathogenicity test showed that the leaves treated with 3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid, S-(5-adenosy)-l-homocysteine, 2-(1H-indol-3-yl) acetic acid, l-glutamic acid, and 2-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxy phenyl) acetic acid showed different degrees of yellowish-brown lesions. This indicated that these substances may be related to the pathogenicity of P. kenyana, and the incidence was more serious when treated with 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and S-(5-adenosy)- l -homocysteine. This study provides a basis for further analysis of differential metabolites and provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of Z. schinifolium leaf spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haiyao Guo
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Liu
- Ganzi Institute of Forestry Research, Kangding 626700, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Adjei Mark Owusu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
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Meng FB, Lei YT, Zhang Q, Li YC, Chen WJ, Liu DY. Encapsulation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil to enhance flavor stability and inhibit lipid oxidation of Chinese-style sausage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4035-4045. [PMID: 34997590 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (ZBEO) is a popular seasoning, commonly used in the food industry. It contains many easily degraded and highly volatile bioactive substances. Control of the stability of the bioactive substances in ZBEO is therefore very important in the food industry. RESULTS In this study, microencapsulation was applied to improve ZBEO stability. The key parameters for microcapsule preparation were optimized by the Box-Behnken design method, and the optimum conditions were as follows: ratio of core to wall, 1:8; ratio of hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin (HPCD) to soy protein isolate (SPI), 4; total solids content, 12%; and homogenization speed, 12 000 rpm. Antioxidant experiments have indicated that tea polyphenols (TPPs) effectively inhibited hydroxy-α-sanshool degradation in ZBEO microcapsules. Application of ZBEO microcapsules in Chinese-style sausage effectively inhibited lipid oxidation in sausages and protected hydroxy-α-sanshool and typical volatiles from volatilization and degradation during sausage storage. CONCLUSION The results suggested that ZBEO microencapsulation is an effective strategy for improving the stability of its bioactive components and flavor ingredients during food processing. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Bing Meng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Lei
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yun-Cheng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Meat Processing of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei-Jun Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Da-Yu Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
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Ivane NMA, Haruna SA, Zekrumah M, Roméo Elysé FK, Hassan MO, Hashim SB, Tahir HE, Zhang D. Composition, mechanisms of tingling paresthesia, and health benefits of Sichuan pepper: A review of recent progress. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Wei L, Wei S, Hu D, Feng L, Liu Y, Liu H, Liao W. Comprehensive Flavor Analysis of Volatile Components During the Vase Period of Cut Lily ( Lilium spp. 'Manissa') Flowers by HS-SPME/GC-MS Combined With E-Nose Technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:822956. [PMID: 35783924 PMCID: PMC9247614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.822956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds could affect the flavor and ornamental quality of cut flowers, but the flavor change occurring during the vase period of the cut flower is unclear. To clarify the dynamic changes during the vase period of cut lily (Lilium spp. 'Manissa') flowers, comprehensive flavor profiles were characterized by the electronic nose (E-nose) and headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The response value of sensor W2W was significantly higher than other sensors, and its response value reached the highest on day 4. A total of 59 volatiles were detected in cut lilies by HS-SPME/GC-MS, mainly including aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. There were 19 volatiles with odor activity values (OAVs) greater than 1. Floral and fruity aromas were stronger, followed by a pungent scent. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) could effectively discriminate lily samples derived from different vase times on the basis of E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS. In summary, our study investigates the flavor change profile and the diversity of volatile compounds during the vase period of cut lilies, and lilies on day 4 after harvest exhibited excellent aroma and flavor taking into consideration of the flavor intensity and diversity. This provided theoretical guidance for the assessment of scent volatiles and flavor quality during the vase period of cut lily flowers and will be helpful for the application of cut lilies during the postharvest process.
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Wang C, Han F, Chen X, Zhao A, Wang D. Time-series based metabolomics reveals the characteristics of the color-related metabolites during the different coloration stages of Zanthoxylum bungeanum peel. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Li C, Kong Q, Mou H, Jiang Y, Du Y, Zhang F. Biotransformation of alkylamides and alkaloids by lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum meal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124944. [PMID: 33735732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum meal (ZBM) is the by-product of Z. bungeanum seeds after pressing. It is restricted as a feed additive because it contains stimulating and potentially harmful substances, which are alkylamides and alkaloids. This study described the use of Lactobacillus paracasei and L. acidipiscis isolated from ZBM in solid-state fermentation of ZBM to reduce the concentration of undesirable alkylamides and alkaloids. By optimizing the substrate and fermentation conditions, the minimum contents of alkylamide and alkaloid were 2.96 and 3.20 mg/g, and the degradation rates reached 51.86% and 39.59%, respectively. Moreover, the biotransformation pathways of hydroxyl-α-sanshool and chelerythrine were established by identifying the metabolites. Bacterial diversity was shift significantly, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased from 0.10% to 99.0% after fermentation. In conclusion, this study introduced a reliable strategy for processing ZBM as a feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenman Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yongli Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
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Prickly Ash Seed Kernel: A New Bio-Fumigation Material Against Tobacco Black Shank. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the fumigant effect and potential mechanisms of Chinese prickly ash seed kernel (PSK) against tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan. The results showed that PSK fumigant increased the soil organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, and total phosphorus significantly, while the pH was decreased. Application of 2% PSK promoted plant growth, with higher plant height, root length, and dry weight compared to those in the treatment with no PSK. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicated that PSK fumigant effectively inhibited mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, and significantly reduced the severity of tobacco black shank. Based on the analysis of volatiles in PSK by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 28 components were identified, among which monoterpenes were the major components (accounting for 79.46% of peak area). Among the six top components, linalool, piperitone, sabinene, and limonene exhibited strong mycelial inhibition of P. nicotianae. Linalool was the most effective with an IC50 value of 18.03 μL/L. Results of GC-MS revealed that the main components of PSK extract were cis-Vaccenic acid (40.81%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.67%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (15.25%), Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- (10.32%), cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid (6.21%), and Psilocin (11.75%). Among them, Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- have an obvious inhibitory effect on P. nicotianae. Additionally, changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities were observed. The relative abundance of some microbes, such as Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Thermomonas, Glutamicibacter, Dyella, and Trichoderma, increased, which have many beneficial microbes in these genera, indicating that microbial community shift could be one of the important outcomes of the PSK fumigant effect. In conclusion, PSK could be a new bio-fumigation material against plant soilborne pathogens, which can function as both a fungicide and fertilizer.
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Wei G, Yang Z, Regenstein JM, Liu X, Liu D. Characterizing aroma profiles of fermented soybean curd with ageing solutions during fermentation. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tang J, Liao Q, Zhang W, Tan S, Lan J, Li Z, Liu X. Comparative Study of Volatile Components in Fruits of Thorny and Non-thorny Types of <i>Zanthoxylum schinifolium</i>. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Qinhong Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Wenlin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Si Tan
- School of life science and biotechnology, Yangtze normal university
| | - Jianbin Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Zhexin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Xia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
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