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Anokye-Bempah L, Styczynski T, de Andrade Teixeira Fernandes N, Gervay-Hague J, Ristenpart WD, Donis-González IR. The effect of roast profiles on the dynamics of titratable acidity during coffee roasting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8237. [PMID: 38589450 PMCID: PMC11002029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Coffee professionals have long known that the "roast profile," i.e., the temperature versus time inside the roaster, strongly affects the flavor and quality of the coffee. A particularly important attribute of brewed coffee is the perceived sourness, which is known to be strongly correlated to the total titratable acidity (TA). Most prior work has focused on laboratory-scale roasters with little control over the roast profile, so the relationship between roast profile in a commercial-scale roaster and the corresponding development of TA to date remains unclear. Here we investigate roast profiles of the same total duration but very different dynamics inside a 5-kg commercial drum roaster, and we show that the TA invariably peaks during first crack and then decays to its original value by second crack. Although the dynamics of the TA development varied with roast profile, the peak TA surprisingly exhibited almost no statistically significant differences among roast profiles. Our results provide insight on how to manipulate and achieve desired sourness during roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laudia Anokye-Bempah
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, 3024 Bainer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Coffee Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Timothy Styczynski
- Coffee Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Bridge Coffee Co., Marysville, CA, 95901, USA
| | | | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Coffee Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - William D Ristenpart
- Coffee Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Irwin R Donis-González
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, 3024 Bainer Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Coffee Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Aisala H, Kärkkäinen E, Jokinen I, Seppänen-Laakso T, Rischer H. Proof of Concept for Cell Culture-Based Coffee. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18478-18488. [PMID: 37972222 PMCID: PMC10690795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The global coffee production is facing serious challenges including land use, climate change, and sustainability while demand is rising. Cellular agriculture is a promising alternative to produce plant-based commodities such as coffee, which are conventionally produced by farming. In this study, the complex process of drying and roasting was adapted for bioreactor-grown coffee cells to generate a coffee-like aroma and flavor. The brews resulting from different roasting regimes were characterized with chemical and sensory evaluation-based approaches and compared to conventional coffee. Roasting clearly influenced the aroma profile. In contrast to conventional coffee, the dominant odor and flavor attributes were burned sugar-like and smoky but less roasted. The intensities of bitterness and sourness were similar to those of conventional coffee. The present results demonstrate a proof of concept for a cellular agriculture approach as an alternative coffee production platform and guide future optimization work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Aisala
- VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Elviira Kärkkäinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Iina Jokinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | | | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
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Potential valorisation of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seeds as a coffee substitute: Insights and comparisons on the effect of roasting on quality, sensory profiles, and characterisation of volatile aroma compounds by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Food Chem 2022; 394:133475. [PMID: 35717922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The seeds of Africa's majestic baobab are often discarded or poorly utilized. Few studies explored its potential as a coffee substitute, while the key volatile compounds are still unknown. These compounds were hypothesized to be responsible for baobab's sensory acceptance. In this study, the physicochemical, sensory, and key volatile composition of brews from coffee beans and baobab seeds subjected to different roasting conditions were reported. Roasting increases pH while reducing acidity, total soluble solids, lightness (L*), redness/greenness (a*), and yellowness/blueness (b*) in coffee and baobab brews. Phenolic contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increased roasting intensity in baobab while degrading in coffee. Significant variability of volatile composition existed among coffee and baobab matrices and the roasting conditions. Nevertheless, the presence of several key coffee odorants in baobab from pyrazines, phenols, and furans chemical families, owing to their odour active value ≥ 1, likely contributed to its sensory acceptance.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Hu G, Hong D, Guo T, Li J, Li Z, Qiu M. Review on factors affecting coffee volatiles: from seed to cup. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1341-1352. [PMID: 34778973 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to evaluate the influence of six factors on coffee volatiles. At present, the poor aroma from robusta or low-quality arabica coffee can be significantly improved by advanced technology, and this subject will continue to be further studied. On the other hand, inoculating various starter cultures in green coffee beans has become a popular research direction for promoting coffee aroma and flavor. Several surveys have indicated that shade and altitude can affect the content of coffee aroma precursors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which remain to be fully elucidated. The emergence of the new roasting process has greatly enriched the aroma composition of coffee. Cold-brew coffee is one of the most popular trends in coffee extraction currently, and its influence on coffee aroma is worthy of in-depth and detailed study. Omics technology will be one of the most important means to analyze coffee aroma components and their quality formation mechanism. A better understanding of the effect of each parameter on VOCs would assist coffee researchers and producers in the optimal selection of post-harvest parameters that favor the continuous production of flavorful and top-class coffee beans and beverages. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili, PR China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili, PR China
| | - Guilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Defu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Tieying Guo
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili, PR China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili, PR China
| | - Zhongrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
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