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Park KH, Park CI, Seo JW, Jeong J, Kim HL, Song A, Park HJ, Cha JY, Kim J. Anti-fatigue effect of an enzymatically derived deer velvet extract through muscle damage recovery and improvement of antioxidant levels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118965. [PMID: 39427740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Deer velvet (DV) has been extensively used in traditional Oriental medicine to treat various diseases. Its pharmacological spectrum encompasses tonicity, longitudinal bone growth of adolescence, blood retention, hemopoiesis facilitation, enhancement of organ function, physical function improvement, and augmentation of physical vitality. Among its myriad effects, DV notably exhibits anti-fatigue properties; however, its specific mode of action is yet to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-fatigue and exercise performance-enhancing effects of YC-1101(HENKIV®), an enzymatically derived DV extract, in C2C12 cell lines and forced swimming mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of YC-1101 on increasing cell growth and lowering lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was assessed in C2C12. The antioxidative effects of YC-1101 and its mechanistic underpinnings were also evaluated in C2C12 cells. Moreover, mice were subjected to an exhaustive swimming test subsequent to 3 weeks of YC-1101 extract administration. Fatigue-associated biochemical parameters, such as LDH activity and lactate, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels, were measured in serum and muscle tissues. RESULTS YC-1101 significantly promoted myoblast growth and reduced LDH activity, indicative of a cell-proliferative effect. Notably, free radical scavenging assays and analysis of reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant-related mRNA expression corroborated the significant involvement of YC-1101 in antioxidation, an important mechanism in anti-fatigue processes. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated prolonged swimming endurance and inhibition of muscle LDH accumulation in forced swimming mouse models. Serum biochemical analysis further revealed significant modulation of the expression of anti-fatigue-related biomarkers. Various bioactive low-molecular-weight DV peptides were enriched in YC-1101 compared to YHC-BE-2038 (a DV extract without enzymatic digestion). The anti-fatigue effect of YC-1101 was significantly stronger than that of YHC-BE-2038. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the potential of YC-1101 as a nutraceutical adjunct in ameliorating fatigue, concurrently facilitating muscle damage recovery, and exerting antioxidant effects via the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 pathway. It can be assumed that the complex action of low-molecular-weight DV peptides produced during the enzymatic degradation process was effective, and the further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hee Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho I Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Seo
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Jeong
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Kim
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeri Song
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Cha
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Barik K, Mandal P, Arya PK, Singh DV, Kumar A. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations of phytochemicals targeting cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase in antimicrobial-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 39280802 PMCID: PMC11391001 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) poses a significant challenge in clinical treatment due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates alternative therapeutic approaches by targeting the cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM) enzyme with phytochemicals derived from ethnobotanical plants. In silico screening identified several promising inhibitors, with 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol demonstrating the highest binding affinity (- 9.77 kcal/mol), followed by gluconic acid (- 9.03 kcal/mol) and citric acid (- 8.68 kcal/mol). Further analysis through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed insights into the binding mechanisms and stability of these phytochemicals within the iPGM active site. The MD simulations indicated initial fluctuations followed by stability, with intermittent spikes in RMSD values. The lowest RMSF values confirmed the stability of the ligand-protein complexes. Key residues, including Ser-61, Arg-188, Glu-62, Asp-397, and Arg-260, were found to play crucial roles in the binding and retention of inhibitors within the active pocket. These findings suggest that the identified phytochemicals could serve as novel antimicrobial agents against M. genitalium by effectively inhibiting iPGM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Barik
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - Pranabesh Mandal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - Praffulla Kumar Arya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - Durg Vijay Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
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Evaluation of deodorization techniques using cyclodextrins on the headspace volatiles and antioxidant properties of onion. Food Chem 2023; 410:135416. [PMID: 36652801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulphur-containing volatiles in onion produce unpleasant odors and this limit their usage in foods. To expand its application, several additives including α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and chitosan were added to onion solution and evaluated for their effect on sulphur-containing volatiles. Also, antioxidant property using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and oxidative stabilities in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion were carried out. The total volatile contents were decreased in the order of α-CD (50.1%), β-CD (49.3%), HP-β-CD (46.2%), and chitosan (7%). Meanwhile, HP-β-CD showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability followed by β-CD, α-CD, and chitosan with decreasing order. The β-CD significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of the O/W emulsion, whereas α-CD and β-HP-CD showed prooxidative behavior. Overall, β-CD might be used as a sulphur-containing volatile decreasing agent, which could keep the antioxidant properties of onion in the O/W emulsion.
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