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Lyamin OI, Borshchenko VD, Siegel JM. A 108-h total sleep deprivation did not impair fur seal performance in delayed matching to sample task. J Comp Physiol B 2023:10.1007/s00360-023-01511-7. [PMID: 37596419 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
While the majority of studies have concluded that sleep deprivation causes detrimental effects on various cognitive processes, some studies reported conflicting results. We examined the effects of a 108-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) on working memory in the northern fur seal, an animal with unusual sleep phenomenology and long-range annual migrations. The performance of fur seals was evaluated in a two-choice visual delayed matching to sample (DMTS) task, which is commonly used to evaluate working memory. In baseline conditions, the performance of fur seals in a DMTS task based on the percentage of errors was somewhat comparable with that in nonhuman primates at similar delays. We have determined that a 108-h TSD did not affect fur seals' performance in a visual DMTS task as measured by overall percentage of errors and response latencies. On the contrary, all fur seals improved task performance over the study, including the baseline, TSD and recovery conditions. In addition, TSD did not change the direction and strength of the pattern of behavioral lateralization in fur seals. We conclude that a 108-h TSD did not interfere with working memory in a DMTS test in northern fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Lyamin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Center for Sleep Research, 16111 Plummer St, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA.
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vasilisa D Borshchenko
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Center for Sleep Research, 16111 Plummer St, North Hills, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
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2
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Hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in non-human primates: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104830. [PMID: 36031009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of investigations evaluating hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in primates was undertaken to individuate the most consistent lines of research allowing to check the hypothesis of a continuum in emotional lateralization across vertebrates. We reviewed studies on the lateralization of emotional expression (N = 31) and perception (N = 32) and of markers of emotional activation (N = 9), trying to distinguish those which had given respectively more consistent or more conflicting outcomes. Furthermore, we tried to identify the most strongly supported model of emotional lateralization. The most consistent results were obtained in studies investigating asymmetries in emotional expression at the facial level and in the perception of emotional facial expressions, whereas the most disappointing data were obtained in investigations evaluating possible neurophysiological markers of lateralized emotional activation. These results supported more the hypothesis of a continuity between humans and non-human primates than the more general hypothesis of a continuum between humans and all vertebrates. Furthermore, results supported more the 'right hemisphere' than the 'valence' model of emotional lateralization.
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3
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Horses show individual level lateralisation when inspecting an unfamiliar and unexpected stimulus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255688. [PMID: 34351986 PMCID: PMC8341651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals must attend to a diverse array of stimuli in their environments. The emotional valence and salience of a stimulus can affect how this information is processed in the brain. Many species preferentially attend to negatively valent stimuli using the sensory organs on the left side of their body and hence the right hemisphere of their brain. Here, we investigated the lateralisation of visual attention to the rapid appearance of a stimulus (an inflated balloon) designed to induce an avoidance reaction and a negatively valent emotional state in 77 Italian saddle horses. Horses’ eyes are laterally positioned on the head, and each eye projects primarily to the contralateral hemisphere, allowing eye use to be a proxy for preferential processing in one hemisphere of the brain. We predicted that horses would inspect the novel and unexpected stimulus with their left eye and hence right hemisphere. We found that horses primarily inspected the balloon with one eye, and most horses had a preferred eye to do so, however, we did not find a population level tendency for this to be the left or the right eye. The strength of this preference tended to decrease over time, with the horses using their non-preferred eye to inspect the balloon increasingly as the trial progressed. Our results confirm a lateralised eye use tendency when viewing negatively emotionally valent stimuli in horses, in agreement with previous findings. However, there was not any alignment of lateralisation at the group level in our sample, suggesting that the expression of lateralisation in horses depends on the sample population and testing context.
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4
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Jaakkola K, Loyer C, Guarino E, Donegan K, McMullen C. Do dolphins really have a rightward lateralization for action? The importance of behavior-specific and orientation-neutral coding. Behav Brain Res 2020; 401:113083. [PMID: 33358918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Because each side of the vertebrate body is controlled by a different side of the brain, studies of behavioral lateralization can provide insight into functional cerebral asymmetries in humans and other animals. The current study examined behavioral lateralization for a variety of behaviors in a group of 26 dolphins, in order to assess the claim that cetaceans show strong rightward action asymmetries indicative of a left-hemisphere specialization for action. We distinguished between side asymmetries and whole body turning actions, and devised a new coding system to counter the problem that previous studies of rolling behaviors (i.e., rotations around the long axis) have used contradictory coding systems depending on species' typical orientation. Our results did not support a generalized population-level rightward action asymmetry across multiple behaviors. Instead, we suggest that many dolphin behavioral asymmetries may be better explained as a result of perceptual processing asymmetries common across many vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jaakkola
- Dolphin Research Center, 58901 Overseas Highway, Grassy Key, FL, 33050, USA.
| | - Carolyn Loyer
- Dolphin Research Center, 58901 Overseas Highway, Grassy Key, FL, 33050, USA
| | - Emily Guarino
- Dolphin Research Center, 58901 Overseas Highway, Grassy Key, FL, 33050, USA
| | - Katy Donegan
- Dolphin Research Center, 58901 Overseas Highway, Grassy Key, FL, 33050, USA
| | - Christina McMullen
- Dolphin Research Center, 58901 Overseas Highway, Grassy Key, FL, 33050, USA
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Yu G, Guo J, Xie W, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Li J. Footedness predicts escape performance in a passerine bird. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4251-4260. [PMID: 32489594 PMCID: PMC7246196 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral lateralization, which is associated with the functional lateralization of the two brain hemispheres, commonly exists in animals and can provide an individual with benefits such as enhanced cognition and dual tasking. Lateral bias in limb use, as a type of behavioral lateralization, occur in many species, but the reasons for the coexistence of left- and right-biased individuals in a population remain poorly understood. We examined the footedness of male yellow-bellied tits (Pardaliparus venustulus) when they used feet to clamp mealworms against a perch, and tested its association with other fitness-related behavioral traits (i.e., feeding efficiency, exploration tendency, and escape performance). We expected differently footed individuals to have respective advantages in these behaviors and thereby coexist ("respective advantage" hypothesis). We found their footedness repeatable, and there was no population-level bias. While no associations of feeding efficiency and exploration tendency with footedness were detected, the right-footed individuals were found to be harder to catch than the other individuals. Future studies need to investigate the reasons for the right-footed individuals' superior escape performance. Moreover, the escape advantage for being right-footed and the lack of population-level bias in footedness in male yellow-bellied tits suggest that the benefits related to left footedness also remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Yu
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinxin Guo
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenqian Xie
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yichen Wu
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinggang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiliang Xu
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianqiang Li
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Abstract
By examining the development of lateralization in the sensory and motor systems of the human fetus and chick embryo, this paper debates which lateralized functions develop first and what interactions may occur between the different sensory and motor systems during development. It also discusses some known influences of inputs from the environment on the development of lateralization, particularly the effects of light exposure on the development of visual and motor lateralization in chicks. The effects of light on the human fetus are related in this context. Using the chick embryo as a model to elucidate the genetic and environmental factors involved in development of lateralization, some understanding has been gained about how these lateralized functions emerge. At the same time, the value of carrying out much more research on the development of the various types of lateralization has become apparent.
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On the Neurocircuitry of Grasping: The influence of action intent on kinematic asymmetries in reach-to-grasp actions. Atten Percept Psychophys 2020; 81:2217-2236. [PMID: 31290131 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-019-01805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from electrophysiology suggests that nonhuman primates produce reach-to-grasp movements based on their functional end goal rather than on the biomechanical requirements of the movement. However, the invasiveness of direct-electrical stimulation and single-neuron recording largely precludes analogous investigations in humans. In this review, we present behavioural evidence in the form of kinematic analyses suggesting that the cortical circuits responsible for reach-to-grasp actions in humans are organized in a similar fashion. Grasp-to-eat movements are produced with significantly smaller and more precise maximum grip apertures (MGAs) than are grasp-to-place movements directed toward the same objects, despite near identical mechanical requirements of the two subsequent (i.e., grasp-to-eat and grasp-to-place) movements. Furthermore, the fact that this distinction is limited to right-handed movements suggests that the system governing reach-to-grasp movements is asymmetric. We contend that this asymmetry may be responsible, at least in part, for the preponderance of right-hand dominance among the global population.
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Rogers LJ. Manual bias, behavior, and cognition in common marmosets and other primates. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 238:91-113. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Spontaneous approaches of divers by free-ranging orcas (Orcinus orca): age- and sex-differences in exploratory behaviours and visual laterality. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10922. [PMID: 28883537 PMCID: PMC5589820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Running comparative studies of laterality in mammals is a way to deepen our understanding of the evolution of the brain hemisphere functions. Studies on vision highlighted a possible task-sharing between hemispheres depending on the characteristics of the observers, the nature of the observed stimulus and the context of the observation, a phenomenon that could go beyond the monitoring of conspecifics. Cetaceans are predators that adapted to an aquatic habitat and display a clear crossing of fibers to the side of the brain opposite the eye of origin. Here, we analysed the interactions between humans and cetaceans when free-ranging orcas approach divers. Our study concentrated on the spontaneous exploratory behaviours of divers by orcas depending on their age and sex, and on the possible expression of a visual laterality. The results showed a significant preference for the use of the left eye but exclusively in adult females. Adult males had a more sustained attention than adult females, marked by a higher spatial proximity to divers, slower approaches and longer look durations. Adult females, probably more cautious, explored from the distance and more furtively. Our findings support a possible link between attentional/motivational states and visual laterality in mammals.
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Wilson DA, Tomonaga M, Vick SJ. Eye preferences in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella). Primates 2016; 57:433-40. [PMID: 27083927 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether capuchin monkey eye preferences differ systematically in response to stimuli of positive and negative valence. The 'valence hypothesis' proposes that the right hemisphere is more dominant for negative emotional processing and the left hemisphere is more dominant for positive emotional processing. Visual information from each eye is thought to be transferred faster to and primarily processed by the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Therefore, it was predicted capuchin monkeys would show greater left eye use for looking at negative stimuli and greater right eye use for looking at positive stimuli. Eleven captive capuchin monkeys were presented with four images of different emotional valence (an egg and capuchin monkey raised eyebrow face were categorised as positive, and a harpy eagle face and capuchin monkey threat face were categorised as negative) and social relevance (consisting of capuchin monkey faces or not), and eye preferences for viewing the stimuli through a monocular viewing hole were recorded. While strong preferences for using either the left or right eye were found for most individuals, there was no consensus at the population level. Furthermore, the direction of looking, number of looks and duration of looks did not differ significantly with the emotional valence of the stimuli. These results are inconsistent with the main hypotheses about the relationship between eye preferences and processing of emotional stimuli. However, the monkeys did show significantly more arousal behaviours (vocalisation, door-touching, self-scratching and hand-rubbing) when viewing the negatively valenced stimuli than the positively valenced stimuli, indicating that the stimuli were emotionally salient. These findings do not provide evidence for a relationship between eye preferences and functional hemispheric specialisations, as often proposed in humans. Additional comparative studies are required to better understand the phylogeny of lateral biases, particularly in relation to emotional valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A Wilson
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Masaki Tomonaga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Sarah-Jane Vick
- Division of Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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Wagner KE, Hopper LM, Ross SR. Asymmetries in the production of self-directed behavior by chimpanzees and gorillas during a computerized cognitive test. Anim Cogn 2015; 19:343-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barnard S, Matthews L, Messori S, Podaliri-Vulpiani M, Ferri N. Laterality as an indicator of emotional stress in ewes and lambs during a separation test. Anim Cogn 2015; 19:207-14. [PMID: 26433604 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We assessed motor laterality in sheep to explore species-specific brain hemi-field dominance and how this could be affected by genetic or developmental factors. Further, we investigated whether directionality and strength of laterality could be linked to emotional stress in ewes and their lambs during partial separation. Forty-three ewes and their singleton lambs were scored on the (left/right) direction of turn in a y-maze to rejoin a conspecific (laterality test). Further, their behavioural response (i.e. time spent near the fence, vocalisations, and activity level) during forced separation by an open-mesh fence was assessed (separation test). Individual laterality was recorded for 44.2% ewes (significant right bias) and 81.4% lambs (equally biased to the left and the right). There was no significant association in side bias between dams and offspring. The Chi-squared test revealed a significant population bias for both groups (p < 0.05). Evolutionary adaptive strategies or stimuli-related visual laterality may provide explanation for this decision-making process. Absolute strength of laterality (irrespective of side) was high (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, dams: D = 0.2; p < 0.001; lambs: D = 0.36, p < 0.0001). The Wilcoxon test showed that lateralised lambs and dams spent significantly more time near each other during separation than non-lateralised animals (p < 0.05), and that lateralised dams were also more active than non-lateralised ones. Arguably, the lateralised animals showed a greater attraction to their pair because they were more disturbed and thus required greater reassurance. The data show that measures of laterality offer a potential novel non-invasive indicator of separation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanis Barnard
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK.
| | - Lindsay Matthews
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
- Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stefano Messori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Ferri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Forrester GS, Crawley M, Palmer C. Social environment elicits lateralized navigational paths in two populations of typically developing children. Brain Cogn 2014; 91:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fitch WT, Braccini SN. Primate laterality and the biology and evolution of human handedness: a review and synthesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1288:70-85. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Tecumseh Fitch
- Department of Cognitive Biology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Stephanie N. Braccini
- Department of Anthropology; Washington University and Saint Louis Zoo; Saint Louis Missouri
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