1
|
Tomonaga M, Tanaka Y, Sakai M. May the force be with you: exploring force discrimination in chimpanzees using the force-feedback device. Primates 2024; 65:89-101. [PMID: 38244142 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
While force-feedback devices have been developed in areas such as virtual reality, there have been very few comparative cognitive studies in nonhuman animals using these devices. In addition, although cross-modal perception between vision and touch has been actively studied in nonhuman primates for several decades, there have been no studies of their active haptic perception. In this study, we attempted to train force discrimination in chimpanzees using a force-feedback device modified from a trackball. Chimpanzees were given different levels of force feedback (8.0 vs. 0.5 N) when moving the on-screen cursor to the target area by manipulating the trackball and were required to select one of two choice stimuli based on the force cue. The experiment was conducted using a trial-block procedure in which the same force stimulus was presented for a fixed number of trials, and the force stimulus was changed between blocks. The block size was progressively reduced from ten trials. Four chimpanzees were trained, but none reached the learning criterion (80% or more correct responses under the condition that the force stimuli were presented randomly). However, a detailed analysis of the chimpanzees' performance before and after the trial-block switching revealed that their choice behavior could not be explained by a simple win-stay/lose-shift strategy, suggesting that the switching of the force stimuli affected the chimpanzees' choice behavior. It was also found that the chimpanzees performed better when switching from small to large force stimuli than when switching from large to small force stimuli. Although none of the chimpanzees in this study acquired force discrimination, future studies using such force-feedback devices will provide new insights for understanding haptic cognition in nonhuman primates from a comparative cognitive perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tomonaga
- University of Human Environments, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0825, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Motoyuki Sakai
- Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gazes RP, Templer VL, Lazareva OF. Thinking about order: a review of common processing of magnitude and learned orders in animals. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:299-317. [PMID: 36369418 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-022-01713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rich behavioral and neurobiological evidence suggests cognitive and neural overlap in how quantitatively comparable dimensions such as quantity, time, and space are processed in humans and animals. While magnitude domains such as physical magnitude, time, and space represent information that can be quantitatively compared (4 "is half of" 8), they also represent information that can be organized ordinally (1→2→3→4). Recent evidence suggests that the common representations seen across physical magnitude, time, and space domains in humans may be due to their common ordinal features rather than their common quantitative features, as these common representations appear to extend beyond magnitude domains to include learned orders. In this review, we bring together separate lines of research on multiple ordinal domains including magnitude-based and learned orders in animals to explore the extent to which there is support for a common cognitive process underlying ordinal processing. Animals show similarities in performance patterns across natural quantitatively comparable ordered domains (physical magnitude, time, space, dominance) and learned orders (acquired through transitive inference or simultaneous chaining). Additionally, they show transfer and interference across tasks within and between ordinal domains that support the theory of a common ordinal representation across domains. This review provides some support for the development of a unified theory of ordinality and suggests areas for future research to better characterize the extent to which there are commonalities in cognitive processing of ordinal information generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Paxton Gazes
- Department of Psychology and Program in Animal Behavior, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA.
| | | | - Olga F Lazareva
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawaguchi Y, Tomonaga M, Adachi I. No evidence of spatial representation of age, but "own-age bias" like face processing found in chimpanzees. Anim Cogn 2021; 25:415-424. [PMID: 34601661 PMCID: PMC8940789 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that non-human primates can differentiate the age category of faces. However, the knowledge about age recognition in non-human primates is very limited and whether non-human primates can process facial age information in a similar way to humans is unknown. As humans have an association between time and space (e.g., a person in an earlier life stage to the left and a person in a later life stage to the right), we investigated whether chimpanzees spatially represent conspecifics’ adult and infant faces. Chimpanzees were tested using an identical matching-to-sample task with conspecific adult and infant face stimuli. Two comparison images were presented vertically (Experiment 1) or horizontally (Experiment 2). We analyzed whether the response time was influenced by the position and age category of the target stimuli, but there was no evidence of correspondence between space and adult/infant faces. Thus, evidence of the spatial representation of the age category was not found. However, we did find that the response time was consistently faster when they discriminated between adult faces than when they discriminated between infant faces in both experiments. This result is in line with a series of human face studies that suggest the existence of an “own-age bias.” As far as we know, this is the first report of asymmetric face processing efficiency between infant and adult faces in non-human primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kawaguchi
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.
| | | | - Ikuma Adachi
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Artemenko C, Sitnikova MA, Soltanlou M, Dresler T, Nuerk HC. Functional lateralization of arithmetic processing in the intraparietal sulcus is associated with handedness. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1775. [PMID: 32020021 PMCID: PMC7000739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional lateralization is established for various cognitive functions, but was hardly ever investigated for arithmetic processing. Most neurocognitive models assume a central role of the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in arithmetic processing and there is some evidence for more pronounced left-hemispheric activation for symbolic arithmetic. However, evidence was mainly obtained by studies in right-handers. Therefore, we conducted a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study, in which IPS activation of left-handed adults was compared to right-handed adults in a symbolic approximate calculation task. The results showed that left-handers had a stronger functional right-lateralization in the IPS than right-handers. This finding has important consequences, as the bilateral IPS activation pattern for arithmetic processing seems to be shaped by functional lateralization and thus differs between left- and right-handers. We propose three possible accounts for the observed functional lateralization of arithmetic processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Artemenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Maria A Sitnikova
- Department of Psychology, Pedagogical Institute, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
- Research and Project Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Neurotechnologies, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mojtaba Soltanlou
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresler
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- Department of Psychology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Research and Project Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Neurotechnologies, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beran MJ, French K, Smith TR, Parrish AE. Limited evidence of number-space mapping in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella). J Comp Psychol 2019; 133:281-293. [PMID: 30896233 PMCID: PMC6684444 DOI: 10.1037/com0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans exhibit evidence of a mental number line that suggests a left-to-right, or sometimes right-to-left, representation of smaller to larger numbers. The Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect is one example of this mental number line and has been investigated extensively in humans. Less research has been done with animals, and results have been inconclusive. Rugani, Vallortigara, Priftis, and Regolin (2015) found that young chicks showed a bias to respond to small quantities presented to their left and large quantities presented to their right when forced to move toward those stimuli to gain food reward. We replicated this design with rhesus macaques and capuchin monkeys using a computerized task, but we did not find this outcome. We also trained monkeys to choose between 2 arrays of dots, and then assessed biases in terms of choice location and response latency on trials with a numerical difference and on trials with equal numbers of items in both sets. There was no evidence of SNARC-like effects in equal trials, although when arrays differed in number, 12 of 19 monkeys showed differential performance depending on whether the smaller array was at the left or at the right onscreen. These results indicate that SNARC-like effects may not emerge in all contexts and may not be phylogenetically widespread. More effort is needed to broaden the number of species assessed and match other methods that are used with human participants so that we can better define the presence and extent of such effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
6
|
Egelkamp CL, Ross SR. A review of zoo-based cognitive research using touchscreen interfaces. Zoo Biol 2018; 38:220-235. [PMID: 30480845 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of zoo-based touchscreen studies of animal cognition around the world. Such studies have contributed to the field of comparative cognition despite the fact research has only been performed at a relatively small number of institutions and with a narrow range of species. Nonetheless, zoo-based touchscreen studies are increasingly recognized as both having the potential to be enriching for captive animals by providing them with opportunities for choice, as well as potentially being a tool with which to measure changes in welfare. Zoo-based touchscreen research on public display also has the potential to impact zoo visitors; encouraging them not only learn more about the cognitive abilities of animals, but also potentially promoting increased respect for these species. Given the lack of a comprehensive review of this scope of specialized research, and the broad potential impacts on animals and programs, here we discuss the history, implementation, and potential outcomes of touchscreen research in zoo settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Egelkamp
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen R Ross
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|