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Villani R, Serviddio G, Avolio C, Cassano T, D'Amico E. Autoimmune liver disease and multiple sclerosis: state of the art and future perspectives. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3321-3338. [PMID: 37421590 PMCID: PMC10618321 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest that the prevalence of autoimmune diseases is changing over time. Both autoimmune liver diseases and multiple sclerosis have shown a significant increase in the last decades. Although the coexistence of autoimmune diseases within individuals and families is a common phenomenon, the extent to which liver disease and multiple sclerosis co-occur is not clear. Case reports and few studies have reported the possible coexistence of multiple sclerosis with thyroid diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is unknown whether there is a definite association between multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver diseases. We reviewed the literature to summarize the available studies on the association between different autoimmune liver diseases (autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis) and treated or untreated multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Villani
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carlo Avolio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuele D'Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Mainardi I, Ferrò MT, Gastaldi M, Franciotta D, Cinque P. Acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis: could these conditions positively influence each other's course? J Neurovirol 2020; 26:957-960. [PMID: 32671809 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have a decreased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and MS patients very rarely contract HIV infection. We report on a 35-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS, who acquired HIV infection 8 years after MS onset. During 7 years of follow-up without combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), CD4+ counts decreased and HIV viremia increased progressively, but slightly. These trends reverted after starting cART, with optimal viro-immunological control. While the patient had many MS relapses before acquiring HIV infection, she had then only one relapse, shortly after HIV infection, despite irregular or no MS therapy. This case contributes to the discussion about MS and HIV potential interactions and describes for the first time the effects of the MS-targeting drug natalizumab in an HIV-positive patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mainardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Matteo Gastaldi
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diego Franciotta
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Cinque
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy
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The role of gluten in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 27:156-163. [PMID: 30384202 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in diet as a modifying factor in multiple sclerosis (MS), and gluten has been suggested to affect MS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review is to qualitatively evaluate the evidence on the role of gluten in MS. METHODS A review protocol was submitted to PROSPERO. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cab Abstracts, and Google Scholar. Studies on patients with MS, clinically isolated syndrome, or celiac disease presenting with MS-related markers were included, if they investigated effects of diets containing specified amounts of gluten or associations between gluten sensitivities and MS. RESULTS Forty-nine publications presenting 50 studies/cases met the inclusion criteria. Study designs, methods, and outcomes varied broadly across studies. Two intervention studies found a positive effect of a gluten-free diet on disease-related markers in patients with MS. One prospective cohort study also found a positive effect of a gluten-free diet, while a survey found intake of cereal/bread to be protective against MS. Four observational studies did not find increased comorbidity of MS and celiac disease. Seventeen studies investigated the level of different gluten-sensitivity markers in patients with MS with inconsistent results. Finally, 12 cases and 13 posters/abstracts/master's theses contributed to shed light on the topic. CONCLUSIONS There is still not sufficient evidence to state whether gluten plays a role in MS, but limitations of current evidence have been identified and directions of future research have been suggested.
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Yamaguchi H, Sakai K, Goto Y, Yamada M. Autoimmune hepatitis induced by a single injection of interferon-β 1a in a patient with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2018; 265:1469-1471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shahmohammadi S, Sahraian MA, Shahmohammadi A, Doosti R, Zare-Mirzaie A, Naser Moghadasi A. A presentation of ulcerative colitis after rituximab therapy in a patient with multiple sclerosis and literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018. [PMID: 29524758 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important demyelinating diseases that affects the central nervous system. Its treatment often involves a long-term disease modifying therapy. According to some studies, the prevalence of autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is higher in MS patients than in the normal population. There are also few studies that have reported the onset of UC after rituximab therapy. The present study presents a report of a 31-years old female patient suffering from aggressive multiple sclerosis, which developed into autoimmune hepatitis during the MS therapy. Thereafter, she received rituximab for the treating both MS and AIH. One week after the third cycle of rituximab (6 doses of 1000 mg), she experienced abdominal pain, fever, and severe bloody diarrhea; finally, she was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC). It seems that the administration of certain immunomodulators or immunosuppressive drugs may have a main role in the exacerbation of some autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Shahmohammadi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Center for Neurological Research, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abootorab Shahmohammadi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozita Doosti
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zare-Mirzaie
- Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Narciso-Schiavon JL, Schiavon LL. To screen or not to screen? Celiac antibodies in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:776-791. [PMID: 28223722 PMCID: PMC5296194 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic immune-mediated disorder triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. The typical symptoms are anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and abdominal pain. CD has been reported in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, aminotransferase elevations, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis. We evaluate recommendations for active screening for CD in patients with liver diseases, and the effect of a gluten-free diet in these different settings. Active screening for CD is recommended in patients with liver diseases, particularly in those with autoimmune disorders, steatosis in the absence of metabolic syndrome, noncirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension, cryptogenic cirrhosis, and in the context of liver transplantation. In hepatitis C, diagnosis of CD can be important as a relative contraindication to interferon use. Gluten-free diet ameliorates the symptoms associated with CD; however, the associated liver disease may improve, remain the same, or progress.
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Antibody against α-gliadin 33-mer peptide: Is the key initiating factor for development of multiple sclerosis during gluten sensitivity? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND IDEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhi.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sinagra E, Raimondo D, Cottone S, Guddo F, Gabriele Rizzo A, Amvrosiadis G, Perricone G, Cottone M, Madonia S. Does glatiramer acetate provoke hepatitis in multiple sclerosis? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2013; 3:266-8. [PMID: 25878015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An association between multiple sclerosis and autoimmune hepatitis has been described. The latter can also be unmasked or exacerbated by a variety of therapies used in multiple sclerosis, such as beta-Interferon or glatiramer acetate. Two cases of hepatitis occurring after exposure to glatiramer acetate are described here: the first, was possibly due to autoimmune hepatitis, rather than glatiramer acetate induced liver injury, the second was definite autoimmune hepatitis. Both occurred in patients who had already experienced hepatitis exacerbations during previous beta-Interferon treatment. We suggest that glatiramer acetate can unmask hepatitis. Thus, liver enzyme monitoring should be undertaken frequently in those patients with multiple sclerosis receiving glatiramer acetate, with a history of hepatitis during treatment with Interferon beta-1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Sinagra
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine, Palermo University, V.Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy; Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto San Raffaele - G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy; PhD course in Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Dario Raimondo
- Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto San Raffaele - G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cottone
- Neurology Unit, Palermo University, V. Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Guddo
- Pathology Unit, Palermo University, V. Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aroldo Gabriele Rizzo
- Pathology Unit, Palermo University, V. Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Georgios Amvrosiadis
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine (3), Palermo University, V.Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perricone
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine (3), Palermo University, V.Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Cottone
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine (3), Palermo University, V.Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Madonia
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine (3), Palermo University, V.Cervello Hospital, Via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Hernández-Lahoz C, Rodrigo L. [Gluten-related disorders and demyelinating diseases]. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 140:314-9. [PMID: 22998972 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gluten-related disorders are a spectrum of systemic immune mediated conditions that occur at any age in genetically susceptible individuals upon ingesting gluten. Celiac disease and gluten sensitivity are the most important conditions of the spectrum. They may be associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Treatment with a gluten-free diet can provide considerable benefits to the patients having both a gluten-related disorder and one of these 2 demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
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Bolus de méthylprednisolone révélant une hépatite auto-immune chez une patiente atteinte de sclérose en plaques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12157-009-0116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Clustering of organ-specific autoimmunity: a case presentation of multiple sclerosis and connective tissue disorders. Neurol Sci 2008; 29:471-5. [PMID: 18854919 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-008-1015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease caused by an autoimmune inflammatory process in the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with aberrant immune response to myelin selfantigens. Coexistence of MS with other autoimmune disorders, including connective tissue disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and scleroderma have been reported previously. In the present article we report the coexistence of MS, familial mediterranean fever and ankylosing spondylitis in a patient and review the clinical presentation, neurologic findings, cerebrospinal fluid and radiologic characteristics and treatment options. We further discuss the immunopathogenetic mechanisms for a possible association between MS and autoimmune disorders.
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