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Bansal LR, Zinkus T. Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in Children. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 97:12-17. [PMID: 31128892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic demyelination syndrome is an acute demyelination process that usually occurs several days following an osmotic stress. This syndrome is rare in adults (0.4% to 0.56%) and even more uncommon in children. We performed a review of all reported pediatric osmotic demyelination syndrome patients from 1960 to 2018. Among all 106 cases, 49 presented with isolated central pontine myelinolysis, 30 with isolated extrapontine myelinolysis, and 27 with combined central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis. There was no gender preponderance, and the highest prevalence was noted between the ages one and five years. Magnetic resonance imaging remains the diagnostic modality of choice, and diffusion tensor imaging is now increasingly used for prognostication in osmotic demyelination syndrome. Sixty percent of the children had a complete neurological recovery. Current management of osmotic demyelination syndrome in children consists of supportive medical care, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Our review of the literature supports the hypothesis that steroids and immunoglobulins are potentially helpful, although additional controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit R Bansal
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Timothy Zinkus
- Department of Radiology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
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Fasano A, Cavallieri F, Mandrioli J, Chiari A, Nichelli P. Central pontine myelinolysis and poorly controlled diabetes: MRI's hints for pathogenesis. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:193-195. [PMID: 28914383 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fasano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, N.O.C.S.A.E. Hospital, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100, Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cavallieri
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, N.O.C.S.A.E. Hospital, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Neurology Unit, N.O.C.S.A.E. Hospital, AOU Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiari
- Neurology Unit, N.O.C.S.A.E. Hospital, AOU Modena, 41100, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Nichelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, N.O.C.S.A.E. Hospital, AOU Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100, Modena, Italy
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Wan DL, Ren KW, Zhang LL, Wang B, Zhai ZL, Zhang XY, Yang YC, Zheng SS. Liver Transplant Recipient With Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions: A Case Report and Literature Review. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:3197-3202. [PMID: 27932180 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) that may resemble brain neoplasms or abscesses are uncommon but noteworthy. A solid knowledge of how to distinguish TDLs from malignancy or infection is a key step to avoid unnecessary medical or surgical interventions. Almost all the intracranial demyelination diseases after liver transplantation (LT) refer to central pontine myelinolysis or extrapontine myelinolysis; TDLs after LT have never been reported. In 2005, a 45-year-old Chinese male underwent orthotopic LT due to "acute on chronic liver failure" in our hospital. He took triple anti-rejection drugs including tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids after LT. In 2010, he was admitted for right limb weakness, and the head magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the lesions were more likely to be TDLs. His symptoms disappeared after he was administered corticosteroid therapy which proved the diagnosis. Five years later, he was admitted again to hospital with dizziness and double version. The magnetic resonance image and magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the new solitary lesion in the cerebellum may in fact be the new TDL. He received corticosteroid therapy and was discharged after symptoms improved. Herein, to our knowledge, we reported the first case of TDL after LT. We reported this case to provide helpful information to clinicians about intracranial demyelination diseases after LT which maybe are not always central pontine myelinolysis or extrapontine myelinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-L Wan
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - K-W Ren
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L-L Zhang
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - B Wang
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Z L Zhai
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X-Y Zhang
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y-C Yang
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - S-S Zheng
- Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Alleman AM. Osmotic demyelination syndrome: central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2013; 35:153-9. [PMID: 24745890 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) refers to central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis. These disorders are characterized by insults to regions of the brain with anatomical features predisposing white matter tracts to myelin injury in the setting of osmotic disturbances and their attempted correction. Occurring independently or in combination, central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis share a characteristic timing of onset, but distinct clinical features. Imaging features demonstrate characteristic findings that suggest ODS, but must be correlated with clinical features. Once thought to be universally devastating, ODS currently can have a variable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Alleman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
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