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Abbaszadeh F, Javadpour P, Mousavi Nasab MM, Jorjani M. The Role of Vitamins in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2024; 2024:4293391. [PMID: 38938696 PMCID: PMC11211004 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4293391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common neurological disease worldwide, often resulting in a substantial decrease in quality of life, disability, and in severe cases, even death. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Nevertheless, current basic and clinical evidence suggests that vitamins, with their antioxidant properties and biological functions, may play a valuable role in improving the quality of life for individuals with SCI. They can promote overall health and facilitate the healing process. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of vitamins in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pedroza-García KA, Careaga-Cárdenas G, Díaz-Galindo C, Quintanar JL, Hernández-Jasso I, Ramírez-Orozco RE. Bioactive role of vitamins as a key modulator of oxidative stress, cellular damage and comorbidities associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1120-1137. [PMID: 36537581 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant disability and impact the quality of life of those affected by it. The nutritional status and diet are fundamental to diminish the progression of complications; vitamins modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promote blood-spinal cord barrier preservation and the prompt recovery of homeostasis. A deep knowledge of the benefits achieved from vitamins in patients with SCI are summarized. Information of dosage, time, and effects of vitamins in these patients are also displayed. Vitamins have been extensively investigated; however, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the scope of vitamin supplementation.Objective: The objective of this review was to offer relevant therapeutic information based on vitamins supplementation for SCI patients.Methods: Basic and clinical studies that have implemented the use of vitamins in SCI were considered. They were selected from the year 2000-2022 from three databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Results: Consistent benefits in clinical trials were shown in those who were supplemented with vitamin D (prevents osteoporosis and improves physical performance variables), B3 (improves lipid profile) and B12 (neurological prophylaxis of chronic SCI damage) mainly. On the other hand, improvement related to neuroprotection, damage modulation (vitamin A) and its prophylaxis were associated to B complex vitamins supplementation; the studies who reported positive results are displayed in this review.Discussion: Physicians should become familiar with relevant information that can support conventional treatment in patients with SCI, such as the use of vitamins, a viable option that can improve outcomes in patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pedroza-García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gabriela Careaga-Cárdenas
- Biomedical Research, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carmen Díaz-Galindo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - J Luis Quintanar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Irma Hernández-Jasso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Ricardo E Ramírez-Orozco
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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Paulis G, De Giorgio G. Patients with Peyronie's disease achieve complete plaque regression after multimodal treatment with antioxidants: a case series. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:359. [PMID: 36207748 PMCID: PMC9547413 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the corpora cavernosa characterized by the formation of plaque in the tunica albuginea, which results in penile deformity. Conservative medical approaches encompass oral, topical, and physical treatment. Only two cases of patients with Peyronie's disease with complete plaque regression after treatment have been described in literature. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1: A 50-year-old Caucasian man with penile pain and double penile curvature of 5° (left ventrolateral), palpable nodule, and normal penile rigidity. The patient underwent multimodal therapy (oral antioxidants + topical diclofenac gel). At follow-up after over 4 years of treatment, the patient no longer complained of any penile deformity or pain. Ultrasound examination did not show any plaque. Case 2: A 26-year-old Caucasian man with lateral-right penile curvature of 30° (previous congenital curvature of 15°), palpable nodule, and normal penile rigidity. The patient underwent multimodal therapy (oral antioxidants + topical diclofenac gel + penile injections/pentoxifylline). After 28 months of treatment, the patient presented a lateral right curve of 15° at follow-up, similar to the original congenital penile curvature. Ultrasound examination no longer showed any plaque. Case 3: A 36-year-old Caucasian man with penile pain and a complex penile curvature of 15° and 20° (left dorsolateral), palpable nodule, and normal penile rigidity. The patient underwent multimodal therapy (oral antioxidants + topical diclofenac gel + penile injections/pentoxifylline). At follow-up after 28 months of treatment, the patient presented a dorsal curve (10°) similar to the original congenital curvature. Penile palpation did not detect any nodules, and ultrasound no longer showed any plaque. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that our multimodal therapy is able to completely regress plaque, as demonstrated in our previously published article. Peyronie's disease has the potential to be treated conservatively with good results. However, this method of treatment needs to be combined with accurate ultrasound assessment, performed using a sufficiently advanced machine by an experienced operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Paulis
- Peyronie's Care Center, Department of Uro-Andrology, Castelfidardo Medical Team, Castelfidardo Clinical Analysis Center, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni De Giorgio
- Ultrasound Diagnostics Section, Department of Uro-Andrology, Castelfidardo Medical Team, Castelfidardo Clinical Analysis Center, Rome, Italy
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Fedullo AL, Ciccotti M, Giannotta P, Alviti F, Bernardi M, Raguzzini A, Toti E, Sciarra T, Peluso I. Hormetic Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Foods, Beverages, and Food Dressing: The Potential Role in Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6615752. [PMID: 33747346 PMCID: PMC7943269 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a damage or trauma to the spinal cord resulting in a total or partial loss of motor and sensory function. SCI is characterized by a disequilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species and the levels of antioxidant defences, causing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This review is aimed at highlighting the hormetic effects of some compounds from foods, beverages, and food dressing that are able to reduce oxidative stress in patients with SCI. Although curcumin, ginseng, and green tea have been proposed for SCI management, low levels of antioxidant vitamins have been reported in individuals with SCI. Mediterranean diet includes food rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Moreover, food dressing, including spices, herbs, and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), contains multiple components with hormetic effects. The latter involves the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2, consequently increasing the antioxidant enzymes and decreasing inflammation. Furthermore, EVOO improves the bioavailability of carotenoids and could be a delivery system for bioactive compounds. In conclusion, Mediterranean dressing in addition to plant foods can have an important effect on redox balance in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Fedullo
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Alviti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sciarra
- Joint Veteran Center, Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
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Hong JY, Davaa G, Yoo H, Hong K, Hyun JK. Ascorbic Acid Promotes Functional Restoration after Spinal Cord Injury Partly by Epigenetic Modulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051310. [PMID: 32466098 PMCID: PMC7290865 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is difficult to achieve, and no fundamental treatment can be applied in clinical settings. DNA methylation has been suggested to play a role in regeneration capacity and neuronal growth after SCI by controlling the expression of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs). The aim of this study was to examine changes in neuronal DNA methylation status after SCI and to determine whether modulation of DNA methylation with ascorbic acid can enhance neuronal regeneration or functional restoration after SCI. Changes in epigenetic marks (5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC)); the expression of Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family genes; and the expression of genes related to inflammation, regeneration, and degeneration in the brain motor cortex were determined following SCI. The 5hmC level within the brain was increased after SCI, especially in the acute and subacute stages, and the mRNA levels of Tet gene family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) were also increased. Administration of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) to SCI rats enhanced 5hmC levels; increased the expression of the Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 genes within the brain motor cortex; promoted axonal sprouting within the lesion cavity of the spinal cord; and enhanced recovery of locomotor function until 12 weeks. In conclusion, we found that epigenetic status in the brain motor cortex is changed after SCI and that epigenetic modulation using ascorbic acid may contribute to functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.D.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ganchimeg Davaa
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.D.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.K.H.); Tel.: +82-10-3678-7189 (K.H.); +81-10-2293-3415 (J.K.H.)
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.D.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Wiregene, Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.K.H.); Tel.: +82-10-3678-7189 (K.H.); +81-10-2293-3415 (J.K.H.)
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Chen C, Yang Q, Ma X. Synergistic effect of ascorbic acid and taurine in the treatment of a spinal cord injury-induced model in rats. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:50. [PMID: 32002341 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe damage, which causes functional alterations together with loss of autonomic functions, sensations, and muscle functioning. This injury leads to apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes, which further leads to dysfunction of the spinal cord due to axonal degeneration and demyelination. Taurine is non-proteogenic and an essential amino acid, which plays a major role in the growth and development of brain cells. Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is found in various foods and is known to prevent scurvy. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid and taurine against SCI-induced rats. The rats were divided into the following groups: sham, control, 100 mg/kg of taurine, 100 mg/kg of ascorbic acid, and 100 mg/kg of taurine + 100 mg/kg of ascorbic acid. Treatment was continued daily for 45 consecutive days. The combined treatment of taurine and ascorbic acid decreased caspase-3, bax, pro-NGF, and p53 mRNA expression by more than 30% compared to individual treatments. The combined treatment of taurine and ascorbic acid reduced caspase-3 and p53 expression by 33.7% and 44%, respectively, compared to individual treatments. The combined treatment of taurine and ascorbic acid decreased mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) compared to the individual treatments of taurine and ascorbic acid. The combined treatment of taurine and ascorbic acid also significantly recovered altered antioxidant markers, and induced lipid peroxidation to near normal levels. In summary, apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased in SCI-induced rats treated with taurine and ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211 China
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Chen D, Pan D, Tang S, Tan Z, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Lü G, Huang Q. Administration of chlorogenic acid alleviates spinal cord injury via TLR4/NF‑κB and p38 signaling pathway anti‑inflammatory activity. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1340-1346. [PMID: 29115619 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid, as a secondary metabolite of plants, exhibits a variety of effects including free radical scavenging, antiseptic, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑viral, in addition to its ability to reduce blood glucose, protect the liver and act as an anti‑hyperlipidemic agent and cholagogue. The present study demonstrated that administration of chlorogenic acid alleviated spinal cord injury (SCI) via anti‑inflammatory activity mediated by nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and p38 signaling pathways. Wistar rats were used to structure a SCI model rat to explore the effects of administration of chlorogenic acid on SCI. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan test was executed for assessment of neuronal functional recovery and then spinal cord tissue wet/dry weight ratio was recorded. The present study demonstrated that chlorogenic acid increased SCI‑inhibition of BBB scores and decreased SCI‑induction of spinal cord wet/dry weight ratio in rats. In addition, chlorogenic acid suppressed SCI‑induced inflammatory activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and cyclooxygenase‑2 protein expression in the SCI rat. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid suppressed Toll like receptor (TLR)‑4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/NF‑κB/IκB signaling pathways and downregulated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase protein expression in SCI rats. The findings suggest that administration of chlorogenic acid alleviates SCI via anti‑inflammatory activity mediated by TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Shaolong Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Lü
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
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Growth Arrest and DNA-damage–inducible Protein 45β-mediated DNA Demethylation of Voltage-dependent T-type Calcium Channel 3.2 Subunit Enhances Neuropathic Allodynia after Nerve Injury in Rats. Anesthesiology 2017; 126:1077-1095. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β reactivates methylation-silenced neural plasticity-associated genes through DNA demethylation. However, growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β–dependent demethylation contributes to neuropathic allodynia-associated spinal plasticity remains unclear.
Methods
Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (654 out of 659) received a spinal nerve ligation or a sham operation with or without intrathecal application of one of the following: growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β messenger RNA–targeted small interfering RNA, lentiviral vector expressing growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β, Ro 25–6981 (an NR2B-bearing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist), or KN-93 (a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II antagonist) were used for behavioral measurements, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, dot blots, detection of unmodified cytosine enrichment at cytosine-phosphate-guanine site, chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and slice recordings.
Results
Nerve ligation-enhanced growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β expression (n = 6) in ipsilateral dorsal horn neurons accompanied with behavioral allodynia (n = 7). Focal knockdown of growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β expression attenuated ligation-induced allodynia (n = 7) by reducing the binding of growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β to the voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel 3.2 subunit promoter (n = 6) that decreased expression of and current mediated by the voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel 3.2 subunit (both n = 6). In addition, NR2B-bearing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II act in an upstream cascade to increase growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β expression, hence enhancing demethylation at the voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel 3.2 subunit promoter and up-regulating voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel 3.2 subunit expression. Intrathecal administration of Ro 25–6981, KN-93, or a growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β–targeting small interfering RNA (n = 6) reversed the ligation-induced enrichment of unmodified cytosine at the voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel 3.2 subunit promoter by increasing the associated 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine levels.
Conclusions
By converting 5-formylcytosine or 5-carboxylcytosine to unmodified cytosine, the NR2B-bearing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, or growth arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein 45β pathway facilitates voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel 3.2 subunit gene demethylation to mediate neuropathic allodynia.
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Masoudi A, Dargahi L, Abbaszadeh F, Pourgholami MH, Asgari A, Manoochehri M, Jorjani M. Neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:104-110. [PMID: 28442361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to constant neurological deficits and long-term unalterable disability. Apoptosis plays an important role in the initiation of the secondary injury cascades leading to progressive tissue damage and severely functional deficits after SCI. Although the primary mechanical destructive events cannot be reversed, a therapeutic intervention could be carried out in order to moderate the secondary injury damage several hours to weeks after injury. Astaxanthin (AST) is a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents with the potential to render anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects. In the current study, we examined the therapeutic potential of AST on adult rats after severe SCI contusion. Results of BBB scores showed that AST improved motor function after SCI compared to control groups. Western blot analysis showed reduced expression of Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 proteins and increased expression of the Bcl-2 protein in response to AST treatment (p<0.05). The histology results also showed that AST considerably preserved myelinated white matter and the number of motor neurons. This study is the first to report that AST reduces neuronal apoptosis, diminishes pathological tissue damage and improves functional recovery after SCI. The observed prominent neuroprotective effects, introduces AST as a promising therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Asgari
- Sport Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Aerospace Medicine Research Center, AJA Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Activation of the niacin receptor HCA2 reduces demyelination and neurofilament loss, and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:124-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Multiple organ dysfunction and systemic inflammation after spinal cord injury: a complex relationship. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:260. [PMID: 27716334 PMCID: PMC5053065 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that results in significant physical disabilities for affected individuals. Apart from local injury within the spinal cord, SCI patients develop a variety of complications characterized by multiple organ dysfunction or failure. These disorders, such as neurogenic pain, depression, lung injury, cardiovascular disease, liver damage, kidney dysfunction, urinary tract infection, and increased susceptibility to pathogen infection, are common in injured patients, hinder functional recovery, and can even be life threatening. Multiple lines of evidence point to pathological connections emanating from the injured spinal cord, post-injury systemic inflammation, and immune suppression as important multifactorial mechanisms underlying post-SCI complications. SCI triggers systemic inflammatory responses marked by increased circulation of immune cells and pro-inflammatory mediators, which result in the infiltration of inflammatory cells into secondary organs and persistence of an inflammatory microenvironment that contributes to organ dysfunction. SCI also induces immune deficiency through immune organ dysfunction, resulting in impaired responsiveness to pathogen infection. In this review, we summarize current evidence demonstrating the relevance of inflammatory conditions and immune suppression in several complications frequently seen following SCI. In addition, we highlight the potential pathways by which inflammatory and immune cues contribute to multiple organ failure and dysfunction and discuss current anti-inflammatory approaches used to alleviate post-SCI complications. A comprehensive review of this literature may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies against complications after SCI by targeting systemic inflammation.
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Al-Asmari AK, Khan AQ, Al-Masri N. Mitigation of 5-fluorouracil-induced liver damage in rats by vitamin C via targeting redox-sensitive transcription factors. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1203-1213. [PMID: 26921358 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adverse complications associated with antineoplastic drug-based cancer therapy are the major clinical drawbacks. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in the damage due to cancer therapy. In the current study, we investigated the modulatory effect of vitamin C (Vit. C) on liver toxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in rats. Animals were divided into four groups. Animals in group I received vehicle. Oral gavage of Vit. C (500 mg kg-1 body weight (b.wt.)) was given to the animals in group III and group IV. 5-FU (150 mg kg-1 b.wt.) was injected intraperitoneally to the animals in group II and group III. Findings of the present study revealed that oral administration of Vit. C significantly ameliorated the level of lipid peroxidation and the activity of myeloperoxidase. Vit. C administration markedly reduced the activation of nuclear factor κB and expression of cyclooxygenase 2, whereas nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 was increased. Hepatic histopathological analyses further supported the protective effect of Vit. C. Findings of the current study demonstrate that the toxic free radicals and inflammatory mediators generated due to chemotherapy play a critical role in 5-FU-induced hepatic damage. Attenuating action of Vit. C may be due to the modulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and associated target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Al-Asmari
- 1 Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Q Khan
- 1 Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Al-Masri
- 2 Department of Hepatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Asmari AK, Khan AQ, Al-Qasim AM, Al-Yousef Y. Ascorbic acid attenuates antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats by modulating the expression of inflammatory mediators. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:908-916. [PMID: 28962429 PMCID: PMC5598240 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the mucous membrane is a serious issue associated with chemotherapy. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is complex and multistep process and unregulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators play vital role in the development of GI toxicity. In the present study we have investigated the attenuating potential of vitamin C (vit. C) on 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) induced GI toxicity by targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were gavaged with vit. C (500 mg/kg b. wt.) or vehicle daily (day 1-10) and were given intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (150 mg/kg b. wt.) or saline (control) on day 8 to induce mucositis. We found that vit. C supplementation attenuated 5-FU induced lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, activation of NF-kB and expression of COX-2. Histological observations further supported the protective potential of vit. C against 5-FU induced intestinal anomalies such as neutrophil infiltration, loss of cellular integrity, villus and crypt deformities. Thus the biochemical, molecular and histological findings of the present study demonstrate that oxidative stress and inflammation play vital role in 5-FU induced GI toxicity and the inhibitory potential of vit. C is may be due to the modulation of oxidative stress, activation of redox sensitive transcription factor and also its downstream target molecules.
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