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Dietary Vitamin B Complex: Orchestration in Human Nutrition throughout Life with Sex Differences. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193940. [PMID: 36235591 PMCID: PMC9573099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of B complex vitamins starts early in the human life cycle and continues across its different stages. At the same time, numerous reports have emphasized the critical role of adequate B complex intake. Most studies examined such issues concerning a specific vitamin B or life stage, with the majority reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Deep insight into the orchestration of the eight different B vitamins requirements is reviewed across the human life cycle, beginning from fertility and pregnancy and reaching adulthood and senility, emphasizing interactions among them and underlying action mechanisms. The effect of sex is also reviewed for each vitamin at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and/or outcomes. Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid are crucial for maternal and fetal health. During infancy and childhood, B vitamins are integrated with physical and psychological development that have a pivotal impact on one’s overall health in adolescence and adulthood. A higher intake of B vitamins in the elderly is also associated with preventing some aging problems, especially those related to inflammation. All supplementation should be carefully monitored to avoid toxicity and hypervitaminosis. More research should be invested in studying each vitamin individually concerning nutritional disparities in each life stage, with extensive attention paid to cultural differences and lifestyles.
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Neuromodulatory and Protective Effects Induced by the Association of Herbal Extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, and Humulus lupulus with Melatonin: An Innovative Formulation for Counteracting Sleep Disorders. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of herbal extracts could represent an advantageous approach for treating sleeping disorders, especially in mild-to-moderate conditions, before the onset of a specific therapy with first-line drugs. Specifically, the focus was posed about the use of extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, and Humulus lupulus. Multiple studies demonstrated the efficacy of these medicinal plants to positively manage insomnia symptoms. Additionally, their efficacy in the treatment of sleeping disorders could also be improved by their pharmacological association. In the present study, extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, Humulus lupulus, melatonin, and their pharmacological association, Vagonotte® MEL, were studied for potential application in the treatment of insomnia. Methods: The extracts and melatonin were tested on hypothalamic neurons and tissue for evaluating biocompatibility and protective and neuromodulatory effects. The neuromodulatory effects were evaluated as orexin A gene expression and serotonin steady state level, in the hypothalamus. Results: The extracts and melatonin, although with evident differences, were effective as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents; additionally, they were also able to reduce the hypothalamic gene expression of orexin A and the steady state level of serotonin, playing master roles in wakefulness. It is noteworthy that the formulation displayed all the effects of the single ingredients, without any sign of toxicity and pharmacological interference in the hypothalamus. Conclusions: Concluding, the present study explored the biological effects of melatonin and herbal extracts with phytotherapy interest in V. officinalis, Z. jujuba, and H. lupulus. The study demonstrated their intrinsic scavenging/reducing activity, together with protective and neuromodulatory effects in the hypothalamus, with a significant reduction of both orexin A gene expression and serotonin steady state level. Additionally, the study also considered their pharmacological association, which displayed an overall pharmacological spectrum mirroring, including all the effects of the single ingredients, without showing any sign of toxicity in the brain and interference between the extracts and melatonin.
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The Association of Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba Extracts Reduces Cortex Serotonin Turnover, in an Ex Vivo Experimental Model of Migraine. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mixture of water extracts from Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba was studied in an ex vivo assessment of neurotoxicity constituted by isolated mouse cortex specimens challenged with K+ 60 mM Krebs–Ringer buffer (neurotoxicity stimulus). The effects of the mixture on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nitrite and serotonin levels were investigated. The phytochemical profile of the mixture was also evaluated. A docking approach was conducted to predict, albeit partially, the putative mechanism underlying the observed effects. The extracts displayed a good profile of polyphenolic compounds (22 chromatographic peaks detected), with caftaric acid and epicatechin being the prominent phenols. In isolated cortex, the association of T. parthenium and S. alba extracts was effective in reducing the K+ 60 mM-induced levels of LDH and nitrites, whereas the neurotoxicity stimulus-induced serotonin depletion was prevented by the treatment. Regarding the inhibition of serotonin catabolism, epicatechin (44.65 µg/mg) and caftaric acid (10.51 µg/mg) were putatively the main compounds involved in the inhibition of monoamineoxidase-A, which is known to play a master role in serotonin turnover. Collectively, the results of the present study point to the efficacy of the present extract mixture as an innovative pharmacological tool to prevent the onset of migraine.
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Yamanaka G, Kanou K, Takamatsu T, Takeshita M, Morichi S, Suzuki S, Ishida Y, Watanabe Y, Go S, Oana S, Kawashima H. Complementary and Integrative Medicines as Prophylactic Agents for Pediatric Migraine: A Narrative Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10010138. [PMID: 33401551 PMCID: PMC7794736 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and integrative medicines (CIMs) are increasingly used as a preventive antimigraine therapy. In this review, we aimed to summarize the evidence for the efficacy and safety of eight CIMs (riboflavin, coenzyme Q10, magnesium, melatonin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and combination therapy of feverfew, vitamin D, and ginkgolide B) in pediatric migraine prevention. The level of evidence for riboflavin was relatively high; it was investigated by many studies with five/seven studies demonstrating its efficacy. Five studies investigated the use of melatonin, with one reporting negative results. There was insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10, magnesium, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Combination therapy showed positive potential; however, reports on the individual antimigraine effects of the CIMs were lacking. A definitive conclusion was not reached regarding the specific integrative drugs clinicians should choose for pediatric migraines, owing to low-quality evidence and a limited number of studies. Integrative medications are becoming more common for pediatric migraine prevention as they do not produce serious side effects, and underlying research data suggest their efficacy in preventing migraine. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the role of CIMs in treating patients with migraines.
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Das R, Qubty W. Retrospective Observational Study on Riboflavin Prophylaxis in Child and Adolescent Migraine. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 114:5-8. [PMID: 33189027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of riboflavin in pediatric migraineurs. METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed on 42 patients (aged six to 18 years) with migraine who were evaluated from January to December 2019 at Dell Children's Medical Center in Austin, Texas. Weight-based dosing of riboflavin was recommended for migraine prevention. Descriptive statistics were used to study the population demographics. Nonparametric tests were used for inferential statistics to study the effect of riboflavin on headache frequency, intensity, and duration. RESULTS Patients treated with riboflavin had a significant reduction in headache days per month (frequency) at the first follow-up visit at 2 to 4 months (T1) (11.07 ± 10.52 days) compared with the baseline T0 (21.90 ± 9.85 days); P < 0.001 in regard to the primary outcome in 42 patients (mean age, 13.38 ± 3.38). Mean headache intensity decreased from 8.85 (±6.41; T0) to 2.30 (±2.51; T1); P < 0.001 on a 0 to 10 scale. The headache duration also reduced significantly from 18.23 ± 17.07 hours (T0) to 10.18 ± 10.49 hours (T1); P = 0.001. There was a positive correlation between riboflavin efficacy and reduced use of acute medications (rs = 0.304; P = 0.05). Riboflavin was useful in reducing the frequency and intensity in two patients with new daily persistent headache. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with riboflavin had a reduction in headache frequency, use of acute medications, and days of school missed. Riboflavin prophylaxis also reduced migraine intensity and duration. Riboflavin is recommended as a safe, inexpensive, and effective nutraceutical in the treatment of pediatric migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Das
- Pediatric Headache Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - William Qubty
- Pediatric Headache Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas.
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Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, di Giacomo V, Antolini MD, Acquaviva A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Menghini L, Ak G, Zengin G, Di Simone SC, Ferrante C, Orlando G. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuromodulatory Effects Induced by Tanacetum parthenium Water Extract: Results from In Silico, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010022. [PMID: 33374525 PMCID: PMC7793142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) has traditionally been employed as a phytotherapeutic remedy in the treatment of migraine. In this study, a commercial T. parthenium water extract was investigated to explore its anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects. Isolated mouse cortexes were exposed to a K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer and treated with T. parthenium water extract. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-1β gene expression were evaluated in the cortex. The effects on dopamine (DA) release and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene expression were assayed in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further investigate the mechanism of action. The extract was effective in reducing cortex PGE2 release and IL-1β gene expression. In the same experimental system, IL-10 and BDNF gene expressions increased, and in HypoE22 cells, the extract decreased the extracellular dopamine level and increased the DAT gene expression due to the direct interaction of parthenolide with the DAT. Overall, the present findings highlight the efficacy of T. parthenium water extract in controlling the inflammatory pathways that occur during cortical-spreading depression. Additionally, the inhibition of the hypothalamic DA release observed in this study further supports the role of dopaminergic pathways as key targets for novel pharmacological approaches in the management of migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Marco Daniel Antolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Veridia Italia Srl, via Raiale 285, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (C.F.); Tel.: +90-332-223-2781 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.); Fax: +90-332-223-8840 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4755 (C.F.)
| | - Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (C.F.); Tel.: +90-332-223-2781 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.); Fax: +90-332-223-8840 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4755 (C.F.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
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Multiple pharmacological and toxicological investigations on Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba extracts: Focus on potential application as anti-migraine agents. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110783. [PMID: 31491430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorder, which has long been related to brain serotonin (5-HT) depletion and neuro-inflammation. Despite many treatment options are available, the frequent occurrence of unacceptable adverse effects further supports the research toward nutraceuticals and herbal preparations, among which Tanacetum parthenium and Salix alba showed promising anti-inflammatory and neuro-modulatory activities. The impact of extract treatment on astrocyte viability, spontaneous migration and apoptosis was evaluated. Anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant effects were investigated on isolated rat cortexes exposed to a neurotoxic stimulus. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, nitrite levels and 5-HT turnover were evaluated, as well. A proteomic analysis was focused on specific neuronal proteins and a fingerprint analysis was carried out on selected phenolic compounds. Both extracts appeared able to exert in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. S. alba and T. parthenium extracts reduced LDH release, nitrite levels and 5-HT turnover induced by neurotoxic stimulus. The downregulation of selected proteins suggest a neurotoxicity, which could be ascribed to an elevated content of gallic acid in both S. alba and T. parthenium extracts. Concluding, both extracts exert neuroprotective effects, although the downregulation of key proteins involved in neuron physiology suggest caution in their use as food supplements.
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Moscano F, Guiducci M, Maltoni L, Striano P, Ledda MG, Zoroddu F, Raucci U, Villa MP, Parisi P. An observational study of fixed-dose Tanacetum parthenium nutraceutical preparation for prophylaxis of pediatric headache. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:36. [PMID: 30871574 PMCID: PMC6419324 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is one of the most prevalent chronic pain manifestations of childhood. Despite the multitude of available treatments, parents are often concerned about chronic therapies and pediatricians have insufficient confidence in prescribing prophylactic drugs. Therefore, there is now growing interest for natural supplements used to control recurrent migraine headaches. Such approach may increase acceptance and adherence to long-term prophylaxis therapy in children. Methods This is an observational multicenter study performed in children (n = 91) with migraine, with (MO) or without aura (MA), or tension-type headache (TTH). A fixed-dose Andrographis paniculata, CoQ10, riboflavin, and magnesium, was administered for 16 weeks. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0), at week 8 (T1) and at the end of treatment at week 16 (T2). A follow-up period occurred at week 20 (T3) and week 32 (T4). Results The herbal supplement significantly reduced the frequency of headaches in TTH patients during treatment period (T0: 11.97 + 1.92 vs T2: 5.13 + 1.93; p < 0.001) and the efficacy was maintained after 16 weeks of treatment withdrawal (T4: 4.46 + 1.75; p < 0.001 vs T0). The frequency of migraine attacks was also reduced in the MO group during treatment (T0: 9.70 + 0.96 vs T2: 4.03 + 0.75; p < 0.01) and after withdrawal (T4: 2.96 + 0.65; p < 0.01 vs T0). Conversely, MA patients showed reduction in migraine’s frequency during treatment (T0: 8.74 + 1.91 vs T2: 3.78 + 2.02; p < 0.01) but not at the end of the study (T4: 5.57 + 3.31; p > 0.05 vs T0). TTH patients did not report significant improvement of pain intensity. A significant effect was observed in the MO group during treatment (T0: 3.06 + 0.11 vs T2: 2.14 + 0.19; p < 0.001) and after treatment withdrawal (T4: 2.20 + 0.21; p < 0.001 vs T0). Likewise, MA group showed a significant treatment effect (T0: 2.57 + 0.20 vs T2: 0.86 + 0.45; p < 0.001) and the efficacy persisted at the end of the study (T4: 1.00 + 0.58; p < 0.001 vs T0). Conclusion This fixed-dose Tanacetum parthenium preparation improved headache frequency and pain intensity in children affected by TTH. Despite the main limits, this study supports the use of nutraceutical in pediatric headache/migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Moscano
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Hospital S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Guiducci
- Child Neurology, Pediatric Headache & Sleep Disorders Centre, Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Maltoni
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Hospital S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 'G. Gaslini' Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Ledda
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "Antonio Cao" Paediatric Hospital, "G.Brotzu" Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Zoroddu
- Pediatric Headache Center, Neurology Unit Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Umberto Raucci
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Villa
- Child Neurology, Pediatric Headache & Sleep Disorders Centre, Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Child Neurology, Pediatric Headache & Sleep Disorders Centre, Chair of Pediatrics, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
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Vitamins and Minerals for Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Can J Neurol Sci 2019; 46:224-233. [PMID: 30764890 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2018.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of vitamins and minerals for migraine prophylaxis. METHODS We systematically searched bibliographic databases and relevant websites for parallel and crossover RCTs reporting efficacy and/or safety of vitamins and/or minerals for migraine prophylaxis. Our primary outcomes were migraine frequency (number of attacks) and duration (hours). Secondary outcomes were severity (intensity), days with migraine, and adverse events. Meta-analysis was conducted when analyzable data were available from at least two trials. RESULTS Eighteen placebo-controlled trials met our eligibility criteria. Only coenzyme Q10 and magnesium contributed to meta-analyses. In adults, compared with placebo, coenzyme Q10 did not significantly decrease migraine frequency (mean difference (MD) -0.44 (-2.14 to 1.26); I2 53%; 2 trials; 97 participants; moderate strength of the evidence), duration (MD -1.97 (-4.82 to 0.87); I2 0%; 2 trials; 97 participants; moderate strength of the evidence), or severity (ratio of means (RoM) -0.05 (-0.20 to 0.11); I2 0%; 2 trials; 97 participants). In adults, compared with placebo, magnesium did not significantly decrease migraine severity (RoM -0.17 (-0.36 to 0.02); I2 48%; 3 trials; 226 participants; low strength of the evidence). Meta-analysis of other vitamins and minerals, and other outcomes were not feasible due to a lack of sufficiently reported data. CONCLUSIONS Based on insufficient evidence, it is unknown if coenzyme Q10 and magnesium are effective for migraine prophylaxis in adults. High-quality, adequately powered RCTs are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamins and minerals for migraine prophylaxis.
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Andrasik F, Grazzi L, Sansone E, D'Amico D, Raggi A, Grignani E. Non-pharmacological Approaches for Headaches in Young Age: An Updated Review. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1009. [PMID: 30538669 PMCID: PMC6277635 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Headache disorders are common in children and adolescents. Most of the studies on non-pharmacological treatments have however been carried out on adults. In this review we provide information on recent studies examining non-pharmacological approaches for managing headache in children and adolescents. Our search of SCOPUS for primary studies conducted between January 2010 and July 2018 uncovered 11 controlled studies, mostly addressing behavioral approaches, in which a total of 613 patients with a diagnosis of primary headache, and average age 10.2–15.7 years (30–89% females) were recruited. Non-pharmacological treatments were shown to produce sizeable effects on the classical primary endpoint, i.e., headache frequency, with reductions from baseline ranging between 34 and 78%. Among commonly reported secondary endpoints, particularly disability, quality of life, depression and anxiety, marked improvements were noted as well. Taken as a whole, our findings suggest that non-pharmacological treatments constitute a valid option for the prevention of primary headaches in young age. Future research with higher-quality studies is needed. Particular attention needs to be given to studies that randomize patients to condition, blind researchers in charge of evaluating treatment outcomes, routinely include headache frequency as the primary endpoint, include adequate-length follow-up, address changes in biomarkers of disease and other possible mediators of outcome, and that employ predictive models to enhance the level of evidence for these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Andrasik
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Licia Grazzi
- Neuroalgology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sansone
- Neuroalgology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amico
- Neuroalgology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Neurology, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Grignani
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Neurology, Milan, Italy
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Messina A, Bitetti I, Precenzano F, Iacono D, Messina G, Roccella M, Parisi L, Salerno M, Valenzano A, Maltese A, Salerno M, Sessa F, Albano GD, Marotta R, Villano I, Marsala G, Zammit C, Lavano F, Monda M, Cibelli G, Lavano SM, Gallai B, Toraldo R, Monda V, Carotenuto M. Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Parasomnias and Migraine: A Role of Orexinergic Projections. Front Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29541053 PMCID: PMC5835506 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep and migraine share a common pathophysiological substrate, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The serotonergic and orexinergic systems are both involved in the regulation of sleep/wake cycle, and numerous studies show that both are involved in the migraine etiopathogenesis. These two systems are anatomically and functionally interconnected. Our hypothesis is that in migraine a dysfunction of orexinergic projections on the median raphe (MR) nuclei, interfering with serotonergic regulation, may cause Non-Rapid Eye Movement parasomnias, such as somnambulism. Hypothesis/theory Acting on the serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei, the dysfunction of orexinergic neurons would lead to a higher release of serotonin. The activation of serotonergic receptors located on the walls of large cerebral vessels would lead to abnormal vasodilatation and consequently increase transmural pressure. This process could activate the trigeminal nerve terminals that innervate vascular walls. As a consequence, there is activation of sensory nerve endings at the level of hard vessels in the meninges, with release of pro-inflammatory peptides (e.g., substance P and CGRP). Within this hypothetical frame, the released serotonin could also interact with trigeminovascular afferents to activate and/or facilitate the release of the neuropeptide at the level of the trigeminal ganglion. The dysregulation of the physiological negative feedback of serotonin on the orexinergic neurons, in turn, would contribute to an alteration of the whole system, altering the sleep–wake cycle. Conclusion Serotonergic neurons of the MR nuclei receive an excitatory input from hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons and reciprocally inhibit orexin/hypocretin neurons through the serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor). Considering this complex system, if there is an alteration it may facilitate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the migraine, while it may produce at the same time an alteration of the sleep–wake rhythm, causing sleep disorders such as sleepwalking. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying migraine and sleep disorders and how these mechanisms can interact with each other, it would be crucial to pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bitetti
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Center for Childhood Headache, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Precenzano
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Center for Childhood Headache, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Iacono
- Neurodevelopmental Research Lab, Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey (BRInj), Cedar Knolls NJ, United States.,Neuroscience Research, MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates, Atlantic Health System, Morristown NJ, United States.,Neuropathology Research, MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates (MANA) and Biomedical Research Institute of New Jersey (BRInj), Morristown, NJ, United States
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Roccella
- Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Parisi
- Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Margherita Salerno
- Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Agata Maltese
- Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Marotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marsala
- Struttura Complessa di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Francesco Lavano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Gallai
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Toraldo
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Center for Childhood Headache, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Center for Childhood Headache, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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News on the journal Neurological Sciences in 2017. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:15-21. [PMID: 29327225 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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