A pyramid skull of an epileptic (1901). Anthropological diagnose of a positivistic physician

Five brains of alienated criminals. Neurological investigations of early twentieth century criminal anthropology

BACKGROUND

For the followers of criminal anthropology, during the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the association "anatomical anomaly - psyche anomaly" represented an immediate diagnostic tool to identify mental illness and consequently the tendency to become a criminal. In this article, we analyse a clinical report published in 1900 in which the author, Dr. Saporito, described five brains of alienated criminals from the Aversa asylum.

METHODS

Through the observations of Dr. Saporito's autoptic evaluations and the literature of the times, the beliefs of the positivist science of that time are highlighted.

RESULTS

The identification of multiple physical anomalies focused on the brains, with particular attention to the alteration at the level of some fissures, could lead to identify psychiatric disorders and criminal tendency.

CONCLUSIONS

From the observations presented here, the author reiterated that several anomalies recorded in these five brains reproduced atavistic characteristics, which disappeared in the ontogenetic and phylogenetic evolution of the human brain.

Can artificially deforming skulls cause "defects of intelligence"? The observations of a positivist anthropologist on an artificially deformed skull discovered in Naples

We discuss a particular case of an artificially deformed skull discovered in Naples in 1892 and published in the Italian Journal of Natural Sciences by the anthropologist Abele De Blasio. To comprehend the observations of the researcher about the "defects of intelligence" caused by the artificial deformation of the skull, we will also analyze other articles in which De Blasio presented the deformed skulls of ancient Peruvian mummies.