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Dauar MT, Picard C, Labonté A, Breitner J, Rosa-Neto P, Villeneuve S, Poirier J. Contactin 5 and Apolipoproteins Interplay in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1361-1375. [PMID: 38578887 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Apolipoproteins and contactin 5 are proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Apolipoproteins act on transport and clearance of cholesterol and phospholipids during synaptic turnover and terminal proliferation. Contactin 5 is a neuronal membrane protein involved in key processes of neurodevelopment. Objective To investigate the interactions between contactin 5 and apolipoproteins in AD, and the role of these proteins in response to neuronal damage. Methods Apolipoproteins (measured by Luminex), contactin 5 (measured by Olink's proximity extension assay), and cholesterol (measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) were assessed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of cognitively unimpaired participants (n = 93). Gene expression was measured using polymerase chain reaction in the frontal cortex of autopsied-confirmed AD (n = 57) and control subjects (n = 31) and in the hippocampi of mice following entorhinal cortex lesions. Results Contactin 5 positively correlated with apolipoproteins B (p = 5.4×10-8), D (p = 1.86×10-4), E (p = 2.92×10-9), J (p = 2.65×10-9), and with cholesterol (p = 0.0096) in the CSF, and with cholesterol (p = 0.02), HDL (p = 0.0143), and LDL (p = 0.0121) in the plasma. Negative correlations were seen between CNTN5, APOB (p = 0.034) and APOE (p = 0.015) mRNA levels in the brains of control subjects. In the mouse model, apoe and apoj gene expression increased during the reinnervation phase (p < 0.05), while apob (p = 0.023) and apod (p = 0.006) increased in the deafferentation stage. Conclusions Extensive interactions were observed between contactin 5 and apolipoproteins and cholesterol, possibly due to neuronal damage. The alterations in gene expression of apolipoproteins suggest a role in axonal, terminal, and synaptic remodeling in response to entorhinal cortex damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tedeschi Dauar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, Canada
| | - John Breitner
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Verdun, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Besin V, Martriano Humardani F, Thalia Mulyanata L. Neurogenomics of Alzheimer's Disease (AD): An Asian Population Review. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 546:117389. [PMID: 37211175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise worldwide. Generally, AD is considered neurodegenerative when the production and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) are imbalanced. Recent research on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been explosive; GWAS indicates a relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and AD. GWAS also reveals ethnic differences between Caucasians and Asians. This indicates that pathogenesis between ethnic groups is distinct. According to current scientific knowledge, AD is a disease with a complex pathogenesis that includes impaired neuronal cholesterol regulation, immunity regulation, neurotransmitters regulation, Aβ clearance, Aβ production, and vascular regulation. Here, we demonstrate the pathogenesis of AD in an Asian population and the SNP risk of AD for future AD screening before onset. According to our knowledge, this is the first review of Alzheimer's disease to demonstrate the pathogenesis of AD based on SNP in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentinus Besin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia.
| | - Farizky Martriano Humardani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia; Magister in Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65112, Indonesia
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3
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Wilson MR, Satapathy S, Vendruscolo M. Extracellular protein homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:235-245. [PMID: 36828943 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The protein homeostasis (proteostasis) system encompasses the cellular processes that regulate protein synthesis, folding, concentration, trafficking and degradation. In the case of intracellular proteostasis, the identity and nature of these processes have been extensively studied and are relatively well known. By contrast, the mechanisms of extracellular proteostasis are yet to be fully elucidated, although evidence is accumulating that their age-related progressive impairment might contribute to neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones are emerging as key players in processes that operate to protect neurons and other brain cells by neutralizing the toxicity of extracellular protein aggregates and promoting their safe clearance and disposal. Growing evidence indicates that these extracellular chaperones exert multiple effects to promote cell viability and protect neurons against pathologies arising from the misfolding and aggregation of proteins in the synaptic space and interstitial fluid. In this Review, we outline the current knowledge of the mechanisms of extracellular proteostasis linked to neurodegenerative diseases, and we examine the latest understanding of key molecules and processes that protect the brain from the pathological consequences of extracellular protein aggregation and proteotoxicity. Finally, we contemplate possible therapeutic opportunities for neurodegenerative diseases on the basis of this emerging knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sandeep Satapathy
- Blavatnik Institute of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Braun JEA. Extracellular chaperone networks and the export of J-domain proteins. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102840. [PMID: 36581212 PMCID: PMC9867986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular network of molecular chaperones protects a diverse array of proteins that reside in or pass through extracellular spaces. Proteins in the extracellular milieu face numerous challenges that can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation. As a checkpoint for proteins that move between cells, extracellular chaperone networks are of growing clinical relevance. J-domain proteins (JDPs) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that are known for their essential roles in a wide array of fundamental cellular processes through their regulation of heat shock protein 70s. As the largest molecular chaperone family, JDPs have long been recognized for their diverse functions within cells. Some JDPs are elegantly selective for their "client proteins," some do not discriminate among substrates and others act cooperatively on the same target. The realization that JDPs are exported through both classical and unconventional secretory pathways has fueled investigation into the roles that JDPs play in protein quality control and intercellular communication. The proposed functions of exported JDPs are diverse. Studies suggest that export of DnaJB11 enhances extracellular proteostasis, that intercellular movement of DnaJB1 or DnaJB6 enhances the proteostasis capacity in recipient cells, whereas the import of DnaJB8 increases resistance to chemotherapy in recipient cancer cells. In addition, the export of DnaJC5 and concurrent DnaJC5-dependent ejection of dysfunctional and aggregation-prone proteins are implicated in the prevention of neurodegeneration. This review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of the extracellular chaperone networks and outlines the first wave of studies describing the cellular export of JDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice E A Braun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Ma J, Qiu S. Genetic variant rs11136000 upregulates clusterin expression and reduces Alzheimer's disease risk. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926830. [PMID: 36033622 PMCID: PMC9407972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone involved in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and aggregation. Although previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported a potential protective effect of CLU on Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, how intron-located rs11136000 (CLU) affects AD risk by regulating CLU expression remains unknown. In this study, we integrated multiple omics data to construct the regulated pathway of rs11136000-CLU-AD. In step 1, we investigated the effects of variant rs11136000 on AD risk with different genders and diagnostic methods using GWAS summary statistics for AD from International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and UK Biobank. In step 2, we assessed the regulation of rs11136000 on CLU expression in AD brain samples from Mayo clinic and controls from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). In step 3, we investigated the differential gene/protein expression of CLU in AD and controls from four large cohorts. The results showed that rs11136000 T allele reduced AD risk in either clinically diagnosed or proxy AD patients. By using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, rs11136000 variant downregulated CLU expression in 13 normal brain tissues, but upregulated CLU expression in cerebellum and temporal cortex of AD samples. Importantly, CLU was significantly differentially expressed in temporal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior prefrontal cortex of AD patients compared with normal controls. Together, rs11136000 may reduce AD risk by regulating CLU expression, which may provide important information about the biological mechanism of rs9848497 in AD progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shizheng Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Abdul Aziz M, Md Ashraf G, Safiqul Islam M. Link of BIN1, CLU and IDE gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a meta-analysis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:302-316. [PMID: 35546756 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220511140955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder. The association of BIN1, CLU and IDE genetic polymorphisms with AD risk have been evaluated overtimes that produced conflicting outcomes. OBJECTIVE We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the contribution of BIN1 (rs744373 and rs7561528), CLU (rs11136000 and rs9331888), and IDE (rs1887922) polymorphisms to AD risk. METHODS From a systemic literature search up to July 15, 2021, we included 25 studies with rs744373, 16 studies with rs7561528, 37 studies with rs11136000, 16 studies with rs9331888, and 4 studies with rs1887922. To analyze the correlation, we constructed seven genetic models that used odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. We used RevMan 5.4 for meta-analysis. RESULTS Our study suggests that BIN1 rs744373 is associated with a significantly increased risk of AD in five genetic models (OR>1). Again, CLU rs11136000 showed reduced association in all genetic models (OR<1). CLU rs9331888 revealed an increased association in two models (OR>1). The IDE rs1887922 showed significantly increased risk in four models (OR>1). From subgroup analysis, a significantly increased risk of AD was observed in Caucasians and Asians for BIN1 rs744373. Again, BIN1 rs7561528 showed a significantly enhanced risk of AD only in Caucasians. CLU rs11136000 showed significantly reduced risk in Caucasians but rs9331888 showed increased risk in the same ethnicity. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis confirms the association of BIN1 rs744373, CLU rs9331888 and IDE rs1887922 polymorphisms with an increased risk of AD, especially in Caucasians. Again, CLU rs11136000 is associated with reduced AD risk in the overall population and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Deregulated Clusterin as a Marker of Bone Fragility: New Insights into the Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040652. [PMID: 35456459 PMCID: PMC9024451 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a secreted heterodimeric glycoprotein expressed in all organism fluids as well as in the intracellular matrix that plays key roles in several pathological processes. Its recent involvement in muscle degeneration of osteoporotic patients led to investigation of the role of CLU in bone metabolism, given the biochemical and biomechanical crosstalk of the bone–muscle unit. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of CLU expression was performed in both osteoblasts and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from osteoporotic patients (OP) and healthy individuals (CTR). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis on femoral head tissues and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples were performed to investigate CLU expression pattern. Finally, genotyping of CLU rs11136000 polymorphism has also been performed by qRT-PCR assays to explore a possible association with CLU expression levels. Data obtained showed a significantly increased expression level of secreted CLU isoform in PBMCs and osteoblasts from OP patients. Immunohistochemical analysis confirms the increased expression of CLU in OP patients, both in osteocytes and osteoblasts, while plasma analysis reveals a statistically significant decrease of CLU levels. Unfortunately, no functional association between CLU expression levels and the presence of CLU rs11136000 polymorphism in OP patients was found. These data suggest a potential role played by CLU as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of OP progression.
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8
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Chang HI, Chang YT, Huang CW, Huang KL, Hsu JL, Hsu SW, Tsai SJ, Chang WN, Lee CC, Huang SH, Chang CC. Structural Covariance Network as an Endophenotype in Alzheimer's Disease-Susceptible Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and the Correlations With Cognitive Outcomes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:721217. [PMID: 34975449 PMCID: PMC8719443 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.721217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are related to brain network degeneration, and genetic differences may mediate network degeneration. Several AD-susceptible loci have been reported to involve amyloid or tau cascades; however, their relationships with gray matter (GM) volume and cognitive outcomes have yet to be established. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphism genotype groups may interact with apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) status or independently exert an effect on cognitive outcomes. We also hypothesized that GM structural covariance networks (SCNs) may serve as an endophenotype of the genetic effect, which, in turn, may be related to neurobehavior test scores. Gray matter SCNs were constructed in 324 patients with AD using T1 magnetic resonance imaging with independent component analysis (ICA). We assessed the effects of 15 genetic loci (rs9349407, rs3865444, rs670139, rs744373, rs3851179, rs11136000, rs3764650, rs610932, rs6887649, rs7849530, rs4866650, rs3765728, rs34011, rs6656401, and rs597668) using additive, recessive, and dominant models on cognitive outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to explore the independent role of each locus, interactions with ApoE4 status, and relationships to GM ICA network intensity score. For outcome measures, we used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) total score, and short-term memory (STM) subscores, adjusted for the covariates of education, disease duration, and age. Clinically, the CD2AP G allele showed a protective role in MMSE, CASI total, and CASI-STM scores independently or via interactions with non-ApoE4 status, while the CR1 A genotype group was associated with lower STM subscores independent of ApoE4 status. Three loci showed synergic interactions with ApoE4: BIN 1, MS4A6A, and FTMT. Of the 15 meaningful ICA components, 5 SCNs (anterior and posterior hippocampus, right temporal, left thalamus, default mode network) showed relationships with general cognitive performance, in which only the ApoE4 and MS4A6A genotype groups were independently related to the hippocampus network. The genetic loci MS4A6A, BIN1, CLU, CR1, BIN1, PICALM, and FGF1 influenced the networks independently or in synergy. This study suggests that AD-susceptible loci may each exert clinical significance independently through interactions with ApoE4 status or through SCNs as an endophenotype and that this effect is associated with the cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, TMU Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Psychiatric Department of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Neng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li L, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Jiang J, Neuroimaging Initiative AD. Use of Deep-Learning Genomics to Discriminate Healthy Individuals from Those with Alzheimer's Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairment. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:3359103. [PMID: 34336000 PMCID: PMC8298161 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3359103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Certain genes have been identified as important clinical risk factors for AD, and technological advances in genomic research, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), allow for analysis of polymorphisms and have been widely applied to studies of AD. However, shortcomings of GWAS include sensitivity to sample size and hereditary deletions, which result in low classification and predictive accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel deep-learning genomics approach and applies it to multitasking classification of AD progression, with the goal of identifying novel genetic biomarkers overlooked by traditional GWAS analysis. METHODS In this study, we selected genotype data from 1461 subjects enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, including 622 AD, 473 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 366 healthy control (HC) subjects. The proposed deep-learning genomics (DLG) approach consists of three steps: quality control, coding of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and classification. The ResNet framework was used for the DLG model, and the results were compared with classifications by simple convolutional neural network structure. All data were randomly assigned to one training/validation group and one test group at a ratio of 9 : 1. And fivefold cross-validation was used. RESULTS We compared classification results from the DLG model to those from traditional GWAS analysis among the three groups. For the AD and HC groups, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of classification were, respectively, 98.78 ± 1.50%, 98.39% ± 2.50%, and 99.44% ± 1.11% using the DLG model, while 71.38% ± 0.63%, 63.13% ± 2.87%, and 85.59% ± 6.66% using traditional GWAS. Similar results were obtained from the other two intergroup classifications. CONCLUSION The DLG model can achieve higher accuracy and sensitivity when applied to progression of AD. More importantly, we discovered several novel genetic biomarkers of AD progression, including rs6311 and rs6313 in HTR2A, rs1354269 in NAV2, and rs690705 in RFC3. The roles of these novel loci in AD should be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yeying Yang
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiehui Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Guo L, Liu M, Dou Y, Duan R, Shen L, Jia L, Wang J, Li C, Li X, Liang T. Screening and identification of haptoglobin showing its important role in pathophysiological process of gallbladder carcinoma. Gene 2021; 776:145429. [PMID: 33444685 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) with poor prognosis has been a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we aimed to screen and identify crucial genes in GBC through integrative analysis of multiple datasets and further experimental validation. A candidate crucial gene, up-regulated haptoglobin (HP), was firstly screened, and then further analysis and validation mainly focused on whether higher enrichment level of HP was responsible for pathophysiological process of GBC. HP was found with diverse expression patterns in various cancer types, and the dynamic expression patterns indicated its spatiotemporal characteristics in different tissues and disease stages, implicating its role in multiple biological processes. Further experimental validation showed that HP could promote the GBC-SD cell proliferation, migration and invasion, implying its role in pathophysiological process of GBC. HP may have a crucial role in occurrence and development of GBC, and it provides possibility as a potential biomarker or target in cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuyang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, and Changzhou Institute of Innovation and Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Qin H, Zhu B, Hu C, Zhao X. Later-Onset Hypertension Is Associated With Higher Risk of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2020; 11:557977. [PMID: 33324316 PMCID: PMC7726443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.557977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between hypertension development and the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in middle-aged and elderly people. A population-based longitudinal cognition survey of people aged 55+ was conducted. The hypertension onset age was estimated by self-reported information and medical insurance card records. To study the effect of later-onset hypertension on dementia, the incidence of dementia was compared between the two groups. Of 277 hypertensive MCI participants without dementia, 56 (20.22%) progressed to dementia (MCIp) over the 6-year follow-up. The proportion of MCIp participants in the old-age-onset hypertension group (≥65 years) was higher than that in the middle-age-onset hypertension group (27.0 vs. 15.4%, respectively; X 2 = 5.538, P = 0.019). In the old-age-onset hypertension group, the proportion of MCIp without diabetes mellitus was higher than those with diabetes mellitus (24.7 vs. 12.6%, respectively; X 2 = 5.321, P = 0.021) and those with increased pulse pressure was higher than those without increased pulse pressure (33.3 vs. 15.4%, respectively; X 2 = 3.902, P = 0.048). However, the cox proportional hazard showed that older age was the only risk factor for MCIp (HR = 0.618, p = 0.000). These results suggest that individuals with later-onset hypertension may have greater cognition decline, even with blood pressure maintained at 130/80 mmHg with antihypertensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binggen Zhu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Balcar VJ, Zeman T, Janout V, Janoutová J, Lochman J, Šerý O. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11136000 of CLU Gene (Clusterin, ApoJ) and the Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in a Central European Population. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:411-422. [PMID: 33206315 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU; also known as apolipoprotein J, ApoJ) is a protein of inconstant structure known to be involved in diverse processes inside and outside of brain cells. CLU can act as a protein chaperon or protein solubilizer, lipid transporter as well as redox sensor and be anti- or proapoptotic, depending on context. Primary structure of CLU is encoded by CLU gene which contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) associated with the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Studying a sample of Czech population and using the case-control association approach we identified C allele of the SNP rs11136000 as conferring a reduced risk of LOAD, more so in females than in males. Additionally, data from two smaller subsets of the population sample suggested a possible association of rs11136000 with diabetes mellitus. In a parallel study, we found no association between rs11136000 and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our findings on rs11136000 and LOAD contradict those of some previous studies done elsewhere. We discuss the multiple roles of CLU in a broad range of molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the variability of genetic studies of CLU in various ethnic groups. The above discordance notwithstanding, our conclusions support the association of rs1113600 with the risk of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir J Balcar
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Zeman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Janout
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Present address: Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janoutová
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Present address: Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lochman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Chaplot K, Jarvela TS, Lindberg I. Secreted Chaperones in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:268. [PMID: 33192447 PMCID: PMC7481362 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is a combination of cellular processes that govern protein quality control, namely, protein translation, folding, processing, and degradation. Disruptions in these processes can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation. Proteostatic disruption can lead to cellular changes such as endoplasmic reticulum or oxidative stress; organelle dysfunction; and, if continued, to cell death. A majority of neurodegenerative diseases involve the pathologic aggregation of proteins that subverts normal neuronal function. While prior reviews of neuronal proteostasis in neurodegenerative processes have focused on cytoplasmic chaperones, there is increasing evidence that chaperones secreted both by neurons and other brain cells in the extracellular - including transsynaptic - space play important roles in neuronal proteostasis. In this review, we will introduce various secreted chaperones involved in neurodegeneration. We begin with clusterin and discuss its identification in various protein aggregates, and the use of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin as a potential biomarker and as a potential therapeutic. Our next secreted chaperone is progranulin; polymorphisms in this gene represent a known genetic risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and progranulin overexpression has been found to be effective in reducing Alzheimer's- and Parkinson's-like neurodegenerative phenotypes in mouse models. We move on to BRICHOS domain-containing proteins, a family of proteins containing highly potent anti-amyloidogenic activity; we summarize studies describing the biochemical mechanisms by which recombinant BRICHOS protein might serve as a therapeutic agent. The next section of the review is devoted to the secreted chaperones 7B2 and proSAAS, small neuronal proteins which are packaged together with neuropeptides and released during synaptic activity. Since proteins can be secreted by both classical secretory and non-classical mechanisms, we also review the small heat shock proteins (sHsps) that can be secreted from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment and provide evidence for their involvement in extracellular proteostasis and neuroprotection. Our goal in this review focusing on extracellular chaperones in neurodegenerative disease is to summarize the most recent literature relating to neurodegeneration for each secreted chaperone; to identify any common mechanisms; and to point out areas of similarity as well as differences between the secreted chaperones identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Chew H, Solomon VA, Fonteh AN. Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Potential Therapies. Front Physiol 2020; 11:598. [PMID: 32581851 PMCID: PMC7296164 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids constitute the bulk of the dry mass of the brain and have been associated with healthy function as well as the most common pathological conditions of the brain. Demographic factors, genetics, and lifestyles are the major factors that influence lipid metabolism and are also the key components of lipid disruption in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, the most common genetic risk factor of AD, APOE ϵ4 genotype, is involved in lipid transport and metabolism. We propose that lipids are at the center of Alzheimer's disease pathology based on their involvement in the blood-brain barrier function, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, myelination, membrane remodeling, receptor signaling, inflammation, oxidation, and energy balance. Under healthy conditions, lipid homeostasis bestows a balanced cellular environment that enables the proper functioning of brain cells. However, under pathological conditions, dyshomeostasis of brain lipid composition can result in disturbed BBB, abnormal processing of APP, dysfunction in endocytosis/exocytosis/autophagocytosis, altered myelination, disturbed signaling, unbalanced energy metabolism, and enhanced inflammation. These lipid disturbances may contribute to abnormalities in brain function that are the hallmark of AD. The wide variance of lipid disturbances associated with brain function suggest that AD pathology may present as a complex interaction between several metabolic pathways that are augmented by risk factors such as age, genetics, and lifestyles. Herewith, we examine factors that influence brain lipid composition, review the association of lipids with all known facets of AD pathology, and offer pointers for potential therapies that target lipid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chew
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Alfred N. Fonteh
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States
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Atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-V41A has decreased CCL2 binding, scavenging, and activation, supporting sustained inflammation and increased Alzheimer's disease risk. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8019. [PMID: 32415244 PMCID: PMC7229167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 59 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins with a connection to Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrated an association between increased levels of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) with an atypical chemokine receptor chemokine-binding protein 2 variant V41A (ACKR2-V41A; rs2228467). High levels of CCL2 are associated with increased risk of AD development as well as other inflammatory diseases. In this study we characterized the biological function of the ACKR2-V41A receptor compared to the wild type allele by measuring its ligand binding affinity, CCL2 scavenging efficiency, and cell activation sensitivity. We transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells with plasmids carrying wild type ACKR2 (ACKR2-WT) or the mutant ACKR2-V41A receptor. Binding affinity assays showed that ACKR2-V41A has a lower binding affinity for CCL2 and CCL4 than ACKR2-WT. CCL2 scavenging results aligned with binding affinity assays, with ACKR2-V41A cells scavenging CCL2 with a lower efficiency than ACKR2-WT. Cell activation assays also showed that ACKR2-V41A cells had significantly lower receptor upregulation (β-Arrestin-dependent signaling pathway) upon stimulation compared to ACKR2-WT cells. These findings provide molecular and biological mechanistic insights into the GWAS association of ACKR2-V41A with increased levels of CCL2 in CSF and possibly other chemokine ligands. Increased CCL2 levels are associated with accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of AD. Understanding how this atypical chemokine receptor allele increases serum markers of inflammation could lead to novel therapeutic solutions for AD.
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The AD pathophysiology entails chronic inflammation involving innate immune cells including microglia, astrocytes, and other peripheral blood cells. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and complements are also linked to AD pathogenesis. Despite increasing evidence supporting the association between abnormal inflammation and AD, no well-established inflammatory biomarkers are currently available for AD. Since many reports have shown that abnormal inflammation precedes the outbreak of the disease, non-invasive and readily available peripheral inflammatory biomarkers should be considered as possible biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD. In this mini-review, we introduce the peripheral biomarker candidates related to abnormal inflammation in AD and discuss their possible molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we also summarize the current state of inflammatory biomarker research in clinical practice and molecular diagnostics. We believe this review will provide new insights into biomarker candidates for the early diagnosis of AD with systemic relevance to inflammation during AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Sampedro F, Marín‐Lahoz J, Martínez‐Horta S, Pérez‐González R, Pagonabarraga J, Kulisevsky J. CLU rs11136000 Promotes Early Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:508-513. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB‐Sant Pau) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red‐Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Marín‐Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB‐Sant Pau) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red‐Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid Spain
| | - Saul Martínez‐Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB‐Sant Pau) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red‐Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid Spain
| | - Rocío Pérez‐González
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB‐Sant Pau) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red‐Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB‐Sant Pau) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red‐Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB‐Sant Pau) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red‐Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid Spain
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Shi X, Xie B, Xing Y, Tang Y. Plasma Clusterin as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:1018-1027. [PMID: 31647395 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191024141757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Plasma clusterin has been reported to be associated with the pathology, prevalence,
severity, and rapid clinical progress of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, whether plasma
clusterin can be used as a biomarker of AD is inconsistent and even conflicting.
Objective:
We conducted this study to evaluate the potential of plasma clusterin as the biomarker of AD.
Method:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies on the relationship
between plasma clusterin levels and AD diagnosis, risk and disease severity. We also compared
the difference in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) clusterin levels between AD and control groups. We
converted and pooled data using standardized mean difference, Pearson linear regression model and the
Cox regression model.
Results:
A total of 17 articles and 7228 individuals, including 1936 AD were included. The quality
ranged from moderate to high. There was no difference in plasma clusterin between AD and control
groups (SMD= 0.19 [-0.10, 0.48], p=0.20). Plasma clusterin levels were not correlated with the risk
(RR=1.03 [0.97-1.09], p=0.31), the MMSE scores (R=0.33 [-0.06, 0.71], p= 0.09), and the integrated
neuropsychological measurements (R=0.21 [-0.20, 0.63], p=0.31) of AD. Additionally, there was no
difference in CSF clusterin between AD and control groups (SMD=1.94 [ -0.49, 4.37], p=0.12).
Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis suggested no relationship between plasma clusterin levels and the diagnosis,
risk, and disease severity of AD and no difference in the CSF clusterin between AD and the control
groups. Overall, there is no evidence to support plasma clusterin as a biomarker of AD based on the
pooled results.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinRui Shi
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - BeiJia Xie
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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Pająk B, Kania E, Gołaszewska A, Orzechowski A. Preliminary Study on Clusterin Protein (sCLU) Expression in PC-12 Cells Overexpressing Wild-Type and Mutated (Swedish) AβPP genes Affected by Non-Steroid Isoprenoids and Water-Soluble Cholesterol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1481. [PMID: 30909654 PMCID: PMC6470582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we attempted to verify the hypothesis that the mevalonate pathway affects amyloid beta precursor protein (AβPP) processing and regulates clusterin protein levels. AβPP expression was monitored by green fluorescence (FL) and Western blot (WB). WB showed soluble amyloid protein precursor alpha (sAβPPα) presence in AβPP-wt cells and Aβ expression in AβPP-sw cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated rat neuronal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells were untreated/treated with statins alone or together with non-sterol isoprenoids. Co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol demonstrated statin-dependent neurotoxicity resulted from the attenuated activity of mevalonate pathway rather than lower cholesterol level. Atorvastatin (50 μM) or simvastatin (50 μM) as well as cholesterol chelator methyl-β-cyclodextrin (0.2 mM) diminished cell viability (p < 0.05) and clusterin levels. Interestingly, co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol stimulated (p < 0.05) clusterin expression. Effects of non-sterol isoprenoids, but not water soluble cholesterol (Chol-PEG), were the most significant in mock-transfected cells. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) overcame atorvastatin (ATR)-dependent cytotoxicity. This effect does not seem to be dependent on clusterin, as its level became lower after GGOH. The novelty of these findings is that they show that the mevalonate (MEV) pathway rather than cholesterol itself plays an important role in clusterin expression levels. In mock-transfected, rather than in AβPP-overexpressing cells, GGOH/farnesol (FOH) exerted a protective effect. Thus, protein prenylation with GGOH/FOH might play substantial role in neuronal cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pająk
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kania
- Tumor Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Anita Gołaszewska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Orzechowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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