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Chen S, Cai X, Lao L, Wang Y, Su H, Sun H. Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Historical Overview and Future Directions. Aging Dis 2024; 15:74-95. [PMID: 37307822 PMCID: PMC10796086 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease which is strongly associated with age. The incidence of ALS increases from the age of 40 and peaks between the ages of 65 and 70. Most patients die of respiratory muscle paralysis or lung infections within three to five years of the appearance of symptoms, dealing a huge blow to patients and their families. With aging populations, improved diagnostic methods and changes in reporting criteria, the incidence of ALS is likely to show an upward trend in the coming decades. Despite extensive researches have been done, the cause and pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear. In recent decades, large quantities of studies focusing on gut microbiota have shown that gut microbiota and its metabolites seem to change the evolvement of ALS through the brain-gut-microbiota axis, and in turn, the progression of ALS will exacerbate the imbalance of gut microbiota, thereby forming a vicious cycle. This suggests that further exploration and identification of the function of gut microbiota in ALS may be crucial to break the bottleneck in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Hence, the current review summarizes and discusses the latest research advancement and future directions of ALS and brain-gut-microbiota axis, so as to help relevant researchers gain correlative information instantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xinhong Cai
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Lin Lao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Jazaeri SZ, Taghizadeh G, Babaei JF, Goudarzi S, Saadatmand P, Joghataei MT, Khanahmadi Z. Aquaporin 4 beyond a water channel; participation in motor, sensory, cognitive and psychological performances, a comprehensive review. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114353. [PMID: 37714320 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a protein highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as various other organs, whose different sites of action indicate its importance in various functions. AQP4 has a variety of essential roles beyond water homeostasis. In this article, we have for the first time summarized different roles of AQP4 in motor and sensory functions, besides cognitive and psychological performances, and most importantly, possible physiological mechanisms by which AQP4 can exert its effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AQP4 participates in pathology of different neurological disorders, various effects depending on the disease type. Since neurological diseases involve a spectrum of dysfunctions and due to the difficulty of obtaining a treatment that can simultaneously affect these deficits, it is therefore suggested that future studies consider the role of this protein in different functional impairments related to neurological disorders simultaneously or separately by targeting AQP4 expression and/or polarity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Zohreh Jazaeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Goudarzi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Saadatmand
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Zohreh Khanahmadi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Services, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lawrence JM, Schardien K, Wigdahl B, Nonnemacher MR. Roles of neuropathology-associated reactive astrocytes: a systematic review. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:42. [PMID: 36915214 PMCID: PMC10009953 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the contexts of aging, injury, or neuroinflammation, activated microglia signaling with TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q induces a neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype, classified as A1, A1-like, or neuroinflammatory reactive astrocytes. In contrast to typical astrocytes, which promote neuronal survival, support synapses, and maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, these reactive astrocytes downregulate supportive functions and begin to secrete neurotoxic factors, complement components like C3, and chemokines like CXCL10, which may facilitate recruitment of immune cells across the BBB into the CNS. The proportion of pro-inflammatory reactive astrocytes increases with age through associated microglia activation, and these pro-inflammatory reactive astrocytes are particularly abundant in neurodegenerative disorders. As the identification of astrocyte phenotypes progress, their molecular and cellular effects are characterized in a growing array of neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Lawrence
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kayla Schardien
- Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Verghese JP, Terry A, de Natale ER, Politis M. Research Evidence of the Role of the Glymphatic System and Its Potential Pharmacological Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236964. [PMID: 36498538 PMCID: PMC9735716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a unique pathway that utilises end-feet Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels within perivascular astrocytes, which is believed to cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflow into perivascular space (PVS), providing nutrients and waste disposal of the brain parenchyma. It is theorised that the bulk flow of CSF within the PVS removes waste products, soluble proteins, and products of metabolic activity, such as amyloid-β (Aβ). In the experimental model, the glymphatic system is selectively active during slow-wave sleep, and its activity is affected by both sleep dysfunction and deprivation. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system has been proposed as a potential key driver of neurodegeneration. This hypothesis is indirectly supported by the close relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and sleep alterations, frequently occurring years before the clinical diagnosis. Therefore, a detailed characterisation of the function of the glymphatic system in human physiology and disease would shed light on its early stage pathophysiology. The study of the glymphatic system is also critical to identifying means for its pharmacological modulation, which may have the potential for disease modification. This review will critically outline the primary evidence from literature about the dysfunction of the glymphatic system in neurodegeneration and discuss the rationale and current knowledge about pharmacological modulation of the glymphatic system in the animal model and its potential clinical applications in human clinical trials.
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Reddy DS, Abeygunaratne HN. Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11734. [PMID: 36233034 PMCID: PMC9570151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers are vital for diagnostics of brain disease and therapeutic monitoring. A biomarker can be objectively measured and evaluated as a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or response to therapeutic interventions. There are complex hurdles in understanding the molecular pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the ability to diagnose them at initial stages. Novel biomarkers for neurological diseases may surpass these issues, especially for early identification of disease risk. Validated biomarkers can measure the severity and progression of both acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers. Neuronal conditions have progressive stages, such as acute injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis, which can serve as indices of pathological status. Biomarkers are critical for the targeted identification of specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that dramatically alter throughout the progression of brain conditions. There has been tremendous progress with biomarkers in acute conditions and chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Intercollegiate School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hasara Nethma Abeygunaratne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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Wang S, Wang B, Shang D, Zhang K, Yan X, Zhang X. Ion Channel Dysfunction in Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814285. [PMID: 35222082 PMCID: PMC8864228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). Ion channels in these cells not only function in ion transport, and maintain water/ion metabolism homeostasis, but also participate in physiological processes of neurons and glial cells by regulating signaling pathways. Increasing evidence indicates the ion channel proteins of astrocytes, such as aquaporins (AQPs), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels, and P2X7 receptors (P2X7R), are strongly associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and characteristic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since ion channel protein dysfunction is a significant pathological feature of astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases, we discuss these critical proteins and their signaling pathways in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, which may yield new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Wang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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7
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Soubannier V, Chaineau M, Gursu L, Haghi G, Franco Flores AK, Rouleau G, Durcan TM, Stifani S. Rapid Generation of Ventral Spinal Cord-like Astrocytes from Human iPSCs for Modeling Non-Cell Autonomous Mechanisms of Lower Motor Neuron Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030399. [PMID: 35159209 PMCID: PMC8834281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play important roles in the function and survival of neuronal cells. Dysfunctions of astrocytes are associated with numerous disorders and diseases of the nervous system, including motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based approaches are becoming increasingly important for the study of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of astrocytes in non-cell autonomous processes of motor neuron degeneration in ALS. These studies must account for the molecular and functional diversity among astrocytes in different regions of the brain and spinal cord. It is essential that the most pathologically relevant astrocyte preparations are used when investigating non-cell autonomous mechanisms of either upper or lower motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Here, we describe the efficient and streamlined generation of human iPSC-derived astrocytes with molecular and biological properties similar to physiological astrocytes in the ventral spinal cord. These induced astrocytes exhibit spontaneous and ATP-induced calcium transients, and lack signs of overt activation. Human iPSC-derived astrocytes with ventral spinal cord features offer advantages over more generic astrocyte preparations for the study of both ventral spinal cord astrocyte biology and the involvement of astrocytes in mechanisms of lower motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Soubannier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (V.S.); (G.R.); (T.M.D.)
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (M.C.); (L.G.); (G.H.); (A.K.F.F.)
| | - Mathilde Chaineau
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (M.C.); (L.G.); (G.H.); (A.K.F.F.)
| | - Lale Gursu
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (M.C.); (L.G.); (G.H.); (A.K.F.F.)
| | - Ghazal Haghi
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (M.C.); (L.G.); (G.H.); (A.K.F.F.)
| | - Anna Kristyna Franco Flores
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (M.C.); (L.G.); (G.H.); (A.K.F.F.)
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (V.S.); (G.R.); (T.M.D.)
| | - Thomas M. Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (V.S.); (G.R.); (T.M.D.)
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (M.C.); (L.G.); (G.H.); (A.K.F.F.)
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (V.S.); (G.R.); (T.M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Jiang Q, Dong X, Hu D, Chen L, Luo Y. Aquaporin 4 inhibition alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by restraining cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9021-9030. [PMID: 34657556 PMCID: PMC8806966 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1992332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion is the main pathological manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Thus, there’s an urgent need to develop efficacious strategies and elucidate the underlying mechanisms to prevent or alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury to improve the clinical outcomes in patients. In this study, we took advantage of a typical myocardial cell line of mice (HL-1) and cultured with or without an aquaporin 4 inhibitor (TGN-20 denoted as AQP4i) under normal conditions (NC), ischemia (IS) and ischemia reperfusion (IR), respectively. The cytomorphology, ultrastructure, cell vitality and expression pattern of apoptotic proteins were verified with scanning electron microscope (SEM), immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and western-blotting analysis, respectively. HL-1 under IS or IR condition revealed higher expression of Aquaporin 4 (Aqp4) compared to the NC group, whereas showed similarity in cytomorphology and ultrastructure. Aqp4 inhibition was sufficient to improve the apoptotic cells in HL-1 while showed minimal effects to the other cellular vitality. Furthermore, the expression pattern of apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins together with proinflammatory factors in HL-1 was effectively rescued by Aqp4i treatment both at the mRNA level and protein level. Ischemia and ischemia reperfusion caused higher expression of Aqp4 and resultant increase of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury of HL-1 was effectively alleviated by Aqp4 and pyroptosis inhibition. Our findings provided new references for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury management via targeting Aqp4-mediated pyroptosis of cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Danqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Lejun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.,Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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Stifani S. Taking Cellular Heterogeneity Into Consideration When Modeling Astrocyte Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:707861. [PMID: 34602979 PMCID: PMC8485040 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.707861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a large group of glial cells that perform a variety of physiological functions in the nervous system. They provide trophic, as well as structural, support to neuronal cells. Astrocytes are also involved in neuroinflammatory processes contributing to neuronal dysfunction and death. Growing evidence suggests important roles for astrocytes in non-cell autonomous mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Understanding these mechanisms necessitates the combined use of animal and human cell-based experimental model systems, at least in part because human astrocytes display a number of unique features that cannot be recapitulated in animal models. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based approaches provide the opportunity to generate disease-relevant human astrocytes to investigate the roles of these cells in ALS. These approaches are facing the growing recognition that there are heterogenous populations of astrocytes in the nervous system which are not functionally equivalent. This review will discuss the importance of taking astrocyte heterogeneity into consideration when designing hiPSC-based strategies aimed at generating the most informative preparations to study the contribution of astrocytes to ALS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Sun M, Zhou H, Xu Q, Yang M, Xu X, Zhou M, Wei S. Differential patterns of interhemispheric functional connectivity between AQP4-optic neuritis and MOG-optic neuritis: a resting-state functional MRI study. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:776-783. [PMID: 32660318 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120940250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several neuroimaging studies demonstrated that optic neuritis (ON) leads to functional and anatomical architecture changes in the brain. The alterations of interhemispheric functional connectivity (IFC) in patients with AQP4-ON and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-ON are not well understood. PURPOSE To investigate the differential patterns of VMHC in patients with AQP4-ON and MOG-ON. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with AQP4-ON, 11 patients with MOG-ON, and 34 healthy controls underwent resting-state MRI scans. One-way ANOVA was used to identify regions in which the zVMHC differed among the three groups. Post hoc two-sample t-tests were then conducted to compare zVMHC values between pairs of groups. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to reveal relationships between mean zVMHC values and clinical variables in the AQP4-ON and MOG-ON groups. RESULTS The results revealed significant differences in zVMHC values in the PreCG among the three groups. Compared to the control group: the AQP4-ON group showed significantly lower VMHC values in the superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and PreCG; and the MOG-ON group showed significantly higher zVMHC values in the PostCG. Compared to the AQP4-ON group, the MOG-ON group showed significantly lower zVMHC values in the PreCG/PostCG (voxel-level P<0.01, GRF correction, cluster-level P<0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with AQP4-ON and those with MOG-ON showed abnormal VMHC in the motor cortices, sensorimotor cortices, and frontal lobe, possibly indicating impaired sensorimotor function in patients with ON. Moreover, differential patterns of VMHC in patients with AQP4-ON, compared to patients with MOG-ON, might serve as a clinical indicator for classification of ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Huanfen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Quangang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Zhongshan hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Shihui Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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11
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Cui H, Wang W, Zheng X, Xia D, Liu H, Qin C, Tian H, Teng J. Decreased AQP4 Expression Aggravates ɑ-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson's Disease Mice, Possibly via Impaired Glymphatic Clearance. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2500-2513. [PMID: 33772424 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, are the selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies/Lewy neurites (LBs/LNs) in neurons. Recent studies have indicated that aquaporin 4 (AQP4), as a predominant water channel protein in the brain, is involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether AQP4 expression affects α-syn pathology in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we established a progressive PD model by subjecting AQP4 null (AQP4+/-) mice to bilateral intrastriatal injection of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) and investigated the effect of decreased AQP4 expression on the development of PD. We found that decreased expression of AQP4 accelerated pathologic deposition of α-syn and facilitated the loss of dopamine neurons and behavioral disorders. Draining of macromolecules from the brain via the glymphatic pathway was slowed due to decreased AQP4 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that decreased AQP4 expression may aggravate PD-like pathology, possibly via impairment of the glymphatic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenkang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinhui Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Danhao Xia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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12
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Ferrer I, Andrés-Benito P, Carmona M, Assialioui A, Povedano M. TDP-43 Vasculopathy in the Spinal Cord in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (sALS) and Frontal Cortex in sALS/FTLD-TDP. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:229-239. [PMID: 33421065 PMCID: PMC7899266 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) and FTLD-TDP are neurodegenerative diseases within the spectrum of TDP-43 proteinopathies. Since abnormal blood vessels and altered blood-brain barrier have been described in sALS, we wanted to know whether TDP-43 pathology also occurs in blood vessels in sALS/FTLD-TDP. TDP-43 deposits were identified in association with small blood vessels of the spinal cord in 7 of 14 cases of sALS and in small blood vessels of frontal cortex area 8 in 6 of 11 FTLD-TDP and sALS cases, one of them carrying a GRN mutation. This was achieved using single and double-labeling immunohistochemistry, and double-labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. In the sALS spinal cord, P-TDP43 Ser403-404 deposits were elongated and parallel to the lumen, whereas others were granular, seldom forming clusters. In the frontal cortex, the inclusions were granular, or elongated and parallel to the lumen, or forming small globules within or in the external surface of the blood vessel wall. Other deposits were localized in the perivascular space. The present findings are in line with previous observations of TDP-43 vasculopathy in a subset of FTLD-TDP cases and identify this pathology in the spinal cord and frontal cortex in a subset of cases within the sALS/FTLD-TDP spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- From the Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- From the Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Carmona
- From the Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdelilah Assialioui
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Ng Kee Kwong KC, Mehta AR, Nedergaard M, Chandran S. Defining novel functions for cerebrospinal fluid in ALS pathophysiology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:140. [PMID: 32819425 PMCID: PMC7439665 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable progress made towards understanding ALS pathophysiology, several key features of ALS remain unexplained, from its aetiology to its epidemiological aspects. The glymphatic system, which has recently been recognised as a major clearance pathway for the brain, has received considerable attention in several neurological conditions, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Its significance in ALS has, however, been little addressed. This perspective article therefore aims to assess the possibility of CSF contribution in ALS by considering various lines of evidence, including the abnormal composition of ALS-CSF, its toxicity and the evidence for impaired CSF dynamics in ALS patients. We also describe a potential role for CSF circulation in determining disease spread as well as the importance of CSF dynamics in ALS neurotherapeutics. We propose that a CSF model could potentially offer additional avenues to explore currently unexplained features of ALS, ultimately leading to new treatment options for people with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koy Chong Ng Kee Kwong
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arpan R Mehta
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, India.
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14
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Oxidative Stress-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption in Neurological Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4356386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), as a crucial gate of brain-blood molecular exchange, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the scavenger system. Since oxidative stress plays a significant role in the production and maintenance of the BBB, the cerebrovascular system is especially vulnerable to it. The pathways that initiate BBB dysfunction include, but are not limited to, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, iron metabolism, cytokines, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, all converging on the generation of ROS. Interestingly, ROS also provide common triggers that directly regulate BBB damage, parameters including tight junction (TJ) modifications, transporters, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation, inflammatory responses, and autophagy. We will discuss the role of oxidative stress-mediated BBB disruption in neurological diseases, such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke (IS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). This review will also discuss the latest clinical evidence of potential biomarkers and antioxidant drugs towards oxidative stress in neurological diseases. A deeper understanding of how oxidative stress damages BBB may open up more therapeutic options for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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15
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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine is associated with blood-brain barrier disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1865-1872. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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