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Liu M, Xue J, Cao Y, Hao Z, Wang Y, Li J, Jiang T, Shi J. The effects of Nardosinone on levodopa intervention in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116448. [PMID: 38522241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. are reported to be useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous research has also shown that Nardosinone, the main active component isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi DC., exhibits the potential to treat PD. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate how the effects of Nardosinone could assist levodopa in the treatment of PD, how this process changes the intestinal flora, and to explore the effective forms of Nardosinone in the intestinal flora. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used behavioral experiments, and hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining, to investigate the effects of a combination of Nardosinone and levodopa on rotenone-induced PD rats. In addition, we used LC/MS-MS to determine the levels of levodopa, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and its metabolite 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid, to investigate the effect of the intestinal flora on co-administration in the treatment of PD. LC/MS-MS was also used to detect the metabolites of Nardosinone on the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal flora. RESULTS The behavioral disorders and neuronal damage associated with PD were significantly improved following the co-administration. Analysis also revealed that the co-administration increased the levels of five neurotransmitters in the striatum, plasma and feces. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the levels of dopamine and levodopa were increased in the intestinal flora. In total, five metabolites of Nardosinone were identified. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Nardosinone and its metabolites might act as a potential adjutant to enhance the efficacy of levodopa via the intestinal flora, thus expanding the therapeutic potential of the combination of Chinese and Western medicine as a treatment method for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Hao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyue Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Ulhaq ZS, Bittencourt GB, Soraya GV, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Ogino Y, Nurputra DK, Tse WKF. Association between glaucoma susceptibility with combined defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid beta oxidation. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101238. [PMID: 38215610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, and is characterized by the progressive damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the atrophy of the optic nerve head (ONH). The exact cause of RGC loss and optic nerve damage in glaucoma is not fully understood. The high energy demands of these cells imply a higher sensitivity to mitochondrial defects. Moreover, it has been postulated that the optic nerve is vulnerable towards damage from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. To investigate this further, we conducted a pooled analysis of mitochondrial variants related to energy production, specifically focusing on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Our findings revealed that patients carrying non-synonymous (NS) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants within the OXPHOS complexes had an almost two-fold increased risk of developing glaucoma. Regarding FAO, our results demonstrated that longer-chain acylcarnitines (AC) tended to decrease, while shorter-chain AC tended to increase in patients with glaucoma. Furthermore, we observed that the knocking down cpt1a (a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in FAO) in zebrafish induced a degenerative process in the optic nerve and RGC, which resembled the characteristics observed in glaucoma. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that genes encoding mitochondrial proteins involved in energy metabolisms, such as OXPHOS and FAO, are associated with glaucoma. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis and may offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia; Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Guido Barbieri Bittencourt
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Yukiko Ogino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Fatima TSD, Fathima ST, Kandadai RM, Borgohain R, Sreenu B, Kutala VK. Association of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in the Levodopa-Induced Adverse Events in Subjects with Parkinson's Disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:262-274. [PMID: 37025429 PMCID: PMC10070583 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of dyskinesia is the most common side effect of chronic administration of levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects. Genetic polymorphisms in levodopa metabolizing gene, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), is shown to influence the inter-individual variability in drug response and adverse events. In the present study, the association of COMT rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, and rs4680 polymorphisms and haplotypes on pharmacokinetics and adverse events with levodopa was investigated in 150 PD patients. The age of onset of PD was 58.00 ± 10 yrs. The most common side effect faced by 78% of the subjects was dyskinesia. The AUC of levodopa was found to be significantly higher in subjects with dyskinesia (1695 ± 113 ng/ml/hr, p < 0.0001) than those without dyskinesia (1550 ± 122 ng/ml/hr). We found that the frequency of subjects presenting dyskinesia was significantly higher in subjects carrying variant genotype of COMT rs6269, rs4633, and rs4680 than that with wild genotype and these subjects presented higher AUC of levodopa. In addition, in subjects with dyskinesia, the AUC of levodopa was found to be significantly higher with low COMT (ACCG) haplotype. The association of COMT rs6269, COMT rs4633, COMT rs4818, and COMT rs4680 variant genotypes with the risk of dyskinesia due to levodopa therapy showed an ROC AUC of 0.67 indicating the moderate prediction of dyskinesia (p = 0.0021) with these COMT variants. In conclusion, PD subjects carrying the variant genotypes of COMT strongly influence high levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Hence the genotyping of COMT before the levodopa therapy will be useful to reduce the adverse events associated with the chronic levodopa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem SD Fatima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082 India
| | - Syed Tazeem Fathima
- Department of Neurology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082 India
| | - Rukmini Mridula Kandadai
- Department of Neurology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082 India
| | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of Neurology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082 India
| | - Boddupally Sreenu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Kutala
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082 India
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Dulski J, Uitti RJ, Ross OA, Wszolek ZK. Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1023574. [PMID: 36337703 PMCID: PMC9632166 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1023574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been recognized since its description by James Parkinson over 200 years ago. The complexity of motor and non-motor PD manifestations has led to many attempts of PD subtyping with different prognostic outcomes; however, the pathophysiological foundations of PD heterogeneity remain elusive. Genetic contributions to PD may be informative in understanding the underpinnings of PD subtypes. As such, recognizing genotype-phenotype associations may be crucial for successful gene therapy. We review the state of knowledge on the genetic architecture underlying PD subtypes, discussing the monogenic forms, as well as oligo- and polygenic risk factors associated with various PD subtypes. Based on our review, we argue for the unification of PD subtyping classifications, the dichotomy of studies on genetic factors and genetic modifiers of PD, and replication of results from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Dulski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ryan J. Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Zbigniew K. Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Zbigniew K. Wszolek,
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Tsuboi T, Satake Y, Hiraga K, Yokoi K, Hattori M, Suzuki M, Hara K, Ramirez-Zamora A, Okun MS, Katsuno M. Effects of MAO-B inhibitors on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35697709 PMCID: PMC9192747 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common among patients with Parkinson's disease and reduce patients' quality of life (QOL). However, there remain considerable unmet needs for NMS management. Three monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (MAO-BIs), selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide, have become commercially available in many countries. Although an increasing number of studies have reported potential beneficial effects of MAO-BIs on QOL and NMS, there has been no consensus. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date systematic review of the QOL and NMS outcomes from the available clinical studies of MAO-BIs. We conducted a literature search using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases in November 2021. We identified 60 publications relevant to this topic. Overall, rasagiline and safinamide had more published evidence on QOL and NMS changes compared with selegiline. This was likely impacted by selegiline being introduced many years prior to the field embarking on the study of NMS. The impact of MAO-BIs on QOL was inconsistent across studies, and this was unlikely to be clinically meaningful. MAO-BIs may potentially improve depression, sleep disturbances, and pain. In contrast, cognitive and olfactory dysfunctions are likely unresponsive to MAO-BIs. Given the paucity of evidence and controlled, long-term studies, the effects of MAO-BIs on fatigue, autonomic dysfunctions, apathy, and ICD remain unclear. The effects of MAO-BIs on static and fluctuating NMS have never been investigated systematically. More high-quality studies will be needed and should enable clinicians to provide personalized medicine based on a non-motor symptom profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuki Satake
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yokoi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Makoto Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Clinical laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hara
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Akbar M, Soraya GV, Ulhaq ZS, Bintang AK. A Roadmap for Future Parkinson's Pharmacogenomics in Asia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:896371. [PMID: 35656536 PMCID: PMC9152086 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.896371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Akbar
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Andi Kurnia Bintang
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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