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Botros D, Dux H, Price C, Khalafallah AM, Mukherjee D. Assessing the efficacy of repeat resections in recurrent glioblastoma: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:1259-1271. [PMID: 32533385 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inevitable recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM) results in patients often undergoing multiple resections with questionable benefit to overall survival (OS). OBJECTIVE To systematically review and analyze prior studies examining the potential added benefit of repeat resection (RR) in recurrent GBM. METHODS We performed a PRISMA-compliant systematic review of literature published between 1969 to 2019 involving patients undergoing RR at GBM recurrence. RESULTS The search yielded 3994 non-duplicate citations. Final abstraction included 43 articles, with 2 level II and 41 level III studies. The earliest paper we included was published in 1987 [1], and 35 identified papers (81.4%) were published within the last 10 years. The survival data of 9236 patients (55% male) were analyzed, with a median age of 56; 3726 patients underwent RR. In 31 studies with a comparable single-surgery-only cohort, 20 articles reported a statistically significant increase in OS with RR, 7 reported nonsignificant trends toward increased OS with RR, and 4 reported no significant increase in OS with RR. Twenty-two articles with multivariate analyses of Karnofsky performance scores and 17 articles with extent-of-resection reported these as significant prognostic factors of OS. In 26 studies, median OS among all patients was 17.85 months inclusive of median OS following RR totaling 9.6 months. Notably, in 10 studies with data on subsequent progressions (2+ recurrences), 6 studies reported significant increases in OS with subsequent repeat resection (sRR) compared to those not undergoing sRR. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent GBM presents a treatment challenge. There appears to be an OS benefit for RR upon first recurrence as well as sRR. Such findings warrant further investigation of the potential benefits of continued surgical intervention after subsequent progressions of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Botros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hayden Dux
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carrie Price
- Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adham M Khalafallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debraj Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:2021-2031. [PMID: 30327956 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain tumors in adults. The current treatment strategies failed to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have been proposed to enhance the survival and quality of life in these patients. To investigate this, different databases were searched in addition to hand searching. Relevant studies were screened and only ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria; six of them were considered for meta-analysis. Eligible RCTs were assessed regarding risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. Relevant data were extracted and meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects model analysis on RevMan software. One thousand seventy-eight patients in the anti-VEGF group and 946 patients in the control group were available for analysis. No statistically significant improvement in the overall survival (OS) was detected for anti-VEGF (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.7-1.09, p = 0.23) or bevacizumab subgroup (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.65-1.08, p = 0.17) compared to standard therapy alone. However, the progression-free survival (PFS) showed a significant improvement with both anti-VEGF (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89, p = 0.0007) and bevacizumab subgroup (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65-0.87, p = 0.0001). In conclusion, anti-VEGF agents can improve the PFS but not OS in glioblastoma patients. The current evidence is not satisfactory to declare a new therapeutic line. Further RCTs with sharply determined outcomes and assessment methods are required.
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Lam P, Lin R, Steinmetz NF. Delivery of mitoxantrone using a plant virus-based nanoparticle for the treatment of glioblastomas. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5888-5895. [PMID: 30923616 PMCID: PMC6433411 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01191e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitoxatrone (MTO), an antineoplastic chemotherapeutic, has potent activity against the most common and agressive type of primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, its poor penetration through the blood brain barrier, and cardiotoxic side effects from systemic delivery limit its effectiveness for clinical treatment. To address these limitations, we utilize a plant virus-based nanoparticle, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), to deliver MTO to treat GBM. In this work, we loaded MTO into the interior cavity of CPMV (CPMV-MTO) through diffusion through its pores. We report the uptake of CPMV-MTO in glioma cells and demonstrate its cytotoxic effects in vitro as a solo therapy, and in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). These results reveal the potential for this plant virus-based nanoparticle platform for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Cohen-Pfeffer JL, Gururangan S, Lester T, Lim DA, Shaywitz AJ, Westphal M, Slavc I. Intracerebroventricular Delivery as a Safe, Long-Term Route of Drug Administration. Pediatr Neurol 2017; 67:23-35. [PMID: 28089765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intrathecal delivery methods have been used for many decades to treat a broad range of central nervous system disorders. A literature review demonstrated that intracerebroventricular route is an established and well-tolerated method for prolonged central nervous system drug delivery in pediatric and adult populations. Intracerebroventricular devices were present in patients from one to 7156 days. The number of punctures per device ranged from 2 to 280. Noninfectious complication rates per patient (range, 1.0% to 33.0%) were similar to infectious complication rates (0.0% to 27.0%). Clinician experience and training and the use of strict aseptic techniques have been shown to reduce the frequency of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Ellis JA, Cooke J, Singh-Moon RP, Wang M, Bruce JN, Emala CW, Bigio IJ, Joshi S. Safety, feasibility, and optimization of intra-arterial mitoxantrone delivery to gliomas. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:449-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Delivery of local therapeutics to the brain: working toward advancing treatment for malignant gliomas. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:353-69. [PMID: 25853310 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas, including glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytomas, are characterized by their propensity to invade surrounding brain parenchyma, making curative resection difficult. These tumors typically recur within two centimeters of the resection cavity even after gross total removal. As a result, there has been an emphasis on developing therapeutics aimed at achieving local disease control. In this review, we will summarize the current developments in the delivery of local therapeutics, namely direct injection, convection-enhanced delivery and implantation of drug-loaded polymers, as well as the application of these therapeutics in future methods including microchip drug delivery and local gene therapy.
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Cima MJ, Lee H, Daniel K, Tanenbaum LM, Mantzavinou A, Spencer KC, Ong Q, Sy JC, Santini J, Schoellhammer CM, Blankschtein D, Langer RS. Single compartment drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 190:157-71. [PMID: 24798478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug design is built on the concept that key molecular targets of disease are isolated in the diseased tissue. Systemic drug administration would be sufficient for targeting in such a case. It is, however, common for enzymes or receptors that are integral to disease to be structurally similar or identical to those that play important biological roles in normal tissues of the body. Additionally, systemic administration may not lead to local drug concentrations high enough to yield disease modification because of rapid systemic metabolism or lack of sufficient partitioning into the diseased tissue compartment. This review focuses on drug delivery methods that physically target drugs to individual compartments of the body. Compartments such as the bladder, peritoneum, brain, eye and skin are often sites of disease and can sometimes be viewed as "privileged," since they intrinsically hinder partitioning of systemically administered agents. These compartments have become the focus of a wide array of procedures and devices for direct administration of drugs. We discuss the rationale behind single compartment drug delivery for each of these compartments, and give an overview of examples at different development stages, from the lab bench to phase III clinical trials to clinical practice. We approach single compartment drug delivery from both a translational and a technological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cima
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Heejin Lee
- TARIS Biomedical, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Karen Daniel
- TARIS Biomedical, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Laura M Tanenbaum
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aikaterini Mantzavinou
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin C Spencer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qunya Ong
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jay C Sy
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Santini
- On Demand Therapeutics, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Carl M Schoellhammer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert S Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Ryken TC, Kalkanis SN, Buatti JM, Olson JJ. The role of cytoreductive surgery in the management of progressive glioblastoma : a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:479-88. [PMID: 24756348 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
QUESTION Should patients with previously diagnosed malignant glioma who are suspected of experiencing progression of the neoplasm process undergo repeat open surgical resection? TARGET POPULATION These recommendations apply to adults with previously diagnosed malignant glioma who are suspected of experiencing progression of the neoplastic process and are amenable to surgical resection. RECOMMENDATIONS LEVEL II Repeat cytoreductive surgery is recommended in symptomatic patients with locally recurrent or progressive malignant glioma. The median survival in these patient diagnosed with glioblastoma is expected to range from 6 to 17 months following a second procedure. It is recommended that the following preoperative factors be considered when evaluating a patient for repeat operation: location of recurrence in eloquent/critical brain regions, Karnofsky Performance Status and tumor volume.
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Allhenn D, Boushehri MAS, Lamprecht A. Drug delivery strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:299-310. [PMID: 22721856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As primary brain tumors, malignant gliomas are known to be one of the most insidious types of brain cancer afflicting the humans. The current standard strategy for the treatment of malignant gliomas includes the surgical resection of the tumor when possible, followed by a combination of radiotherapy and/or a certain chemotherapeutic protocol. However, due to the short mean survival, frequent recurrences, and poor prognosis associated with the tumors, new therapeutic strategies are investigated consecutively. These novel drug delivery approaches can be subdivided as systemic and local drug administration. This review focuses on localized drug delivery strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas, including the injections, infusions, trans-nasal delivery systems, convection enhanced delivery (CED) systems, and various types of polymeric implants. Furthermore, systemic strategies to increase the drug penetration into the brain, such as temporary disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), chemical modification of the available therapeutic substances, and utilization of endogenous transport systems will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Allhenn
- Department of Pharm. Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Liu Y, Paliwal S, Bankiewicz KS, Bringas JR, Heart G, Mitragotri S, Prausnitz MR. Ultrasound-enhanced drug transport and distribution in the brain. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1005-17. [PMID: 20532711 PMCID: PMC2974134 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery in the brain is limited by slow drug diffusion in the brain tissue. This study tested the hypothesis that ultrasound can safely enhance the permeation of drugs in the brain. In vitro exposure to ultrasound at various frequencies (85 kHz, 174 kHz, and 1 MHz) enhanced the permeation of tritium-labeled molecules with molecular weight up to 70 kDa across porcine brain tissue. A maximum enhancement of 24-fold was observed at 85 kHz and 1,200 J/cm2. In vivo exposure to 1-MHz ultrasound further demonstrated the ability of ultrasound to facilitate molecule distribution in the brain of a non-human primate. Finally, ultrasound under conditions similar to those used in vivo was shown to cause no damage to plasmid DNA, siRNA, adeno-associated virus, and fetal rat cortical neurons over a range of conditions. Altogether, these studies demonstrate that ultrasound can increase drug permeation in the brain in vitro and in vivo under conditions that did not cause detectable damage.
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11
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Medulloblastoma in childhood: revisiting intrathecal therapy in infants and children. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:1173-89. [PMID: 19855967 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrathecal chemotherapy is being explored in medulloblastoma in pre-school children as part of brain-sparing strategies and as an alternative to unacceptably neurotoxic cranio-spinal radiotherapy. The range of drugs suitable for this route of administration is restricted by the lack of research evidence of pharmacological suitability and efficacy of other drugs in medulloblastoma. METHODS Ideal clinical, biological, physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties for intrathecal administration were defined through literature review of pharmaceutical texts, Medline, Embase and consulting the manufacturers. A total of 126 chemotherapy agents were assessed against these criteria by searching the academic domain of pharmaceutical texts, computer databases and consultation with manufacturers. RESULTS Of the 126 candidate drugs, 99 were rejected because of documentation of their irritant nature, neurotoxicity and requirement for hepatic activation in standard pharmaceutical texts. Fifty were rejected for a single identifiable reason including, neurotoxicity (n = 24), irritant (n = 15), needs enzyme activation (n = 5), clinical evidence of intrathecal neurotoxicity (n = 4) and no evidence of tumour-specific efficacy (n = 2). Where two reasons were cited the justifications were: neurotoxic and irritant (n = 3) and needs activation and systemic administration results in equivalent concentration (n = 1). Twenty-seven drugs remained of which 12 were selected as eligible for further clinical investigation, and 15 were selected for further pre-clinical investigation. CONCLUSIONS The pre-determined criteria were not applicable, in their entirety, in the majority of drugs, due to lack of information in the academic domain, emphasising the importance of a more open approach for sharing basic drug information. The prioritised list of 12 candidate drugs for clinical trial and 15 for pre-clinical investigation justify that a concerted research effort in this area of practice is made.
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Biston MC, Joubert A, Charvet AM, Balosso J, Foray N. In vitro and in vivo optimization of an anti-glioma modality based on synchrotron X-ray photoactivation of platinated drugs. Radiat Res 2009; 172:348-58. [PMID: 19708784 DOI: 10.1667/rr1650.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
For the past 5 years, a radio-chemotherapy approach based on the photoactivation of platinum atoms (PAT-Plat) consisting of treating tumors with platinated compounds and irradiating them above the platinum K edge (78.4 keV) has been developed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble, France). Compared to other preclinical modalities, PAT-Plat provides the highest survivals of rats bearing the rodent F98 glioma. However, further investigations are required to optimize its efficiency and to allow its clinical application. Here we examined in vitro and in vivo whether monochromatic X rays are more efficient than high-energy photons in producing the PAT-Plat effect by measuring DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and survival of glioma-bearing rats and whether an increase in the platinum concentration in the tumor results in increased rat survival. DSBs were assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with different DNA fragment migration programs and with gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence. In vivo, F98 glioma cells were injected intracerebrally, treated with a single intracranial injection of cisplatin or carboplatin 13 days after tumor implantation, and irradiated the day after with 78.8 keV X rays or 6 MV photons. Our results indicate that 78.8 keV X rays are more efficient than high-energy photons at producing the PAT-Plat effect. At low concentrations, cisplatin is more efficient than carboplatin; this is likely due to more efficient DNA binding and DSB repair inhibition. High concentrations of carboplatin inside tumors do not necessarily lead to protracted survival of rats. The therapeutic benefit of anti-glioma synchrotron strategies appears to be correlated with the percentage of unrepaired DSBs but not with the number of DSBs induced.
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Patel MM, Goyal BR, Bhadada SV, Bhatt JS, Amin AF. Getting into the brain: approaches to enhance brain drug delivery. CNS Drugs 2009; 23:35-58. [PMID: 19062774 DOI: 10.2165/0023210-200923010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Being the most delicate organ of the body, the brain is protected against potentially toxic substances by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the entry of most pharmaceuticals into the brain. The developmental process for new drugs for the treatment of CNS disorders has not kept pace with progress in molecular neurosciences because most of the new drugs discovered are unable to cross the BBB. The clinical failure of CNS drug delivery may be attributed largely to a lack of appropriate drug delivery systems. Localized and controlled delivery of drugs at their desired site of action is preferred because it reduces toxicity and increases treatment efficiency. The present review provides an insight into some of the recent advances made in the field of brain drug delivery.The various strategies that have been explored to increase drug delivery into the brain include (i) chemical delivery systems, such as lipid-mediated transport, the prodrug approach and the lock-in system; (ii) biological delivery systems, in which pharmaceuticals are re-engineered to cross the BBB via specific endogenous transporters localized within the brain capillary endothelium; (iii) disruption of the BBB, for example by modification of tight junctions, which causes a controlled and transient increase in the permeability of brain capillaries; (iv) the use of molecular Trojan horses, such as peptidomimetic monoclonal antibodies to transport large molecules (e.g. antibodies, recombinant proteins, nonviral gene medicines or RNA interference drugs) across the BBB; and (v) particulate drug carrier systems. Receptor-mediated transport systems exist for certain endogenous peptides, such as insulin and transferrin, enabling these molecules to cross the BBB in vivo.The use of polymers for local drug delivery has greatly expanded the spectrum of drugs available for the treatment of brain diseases, such as malignant tumours and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, various drug delivery systems (e.g. liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, nanogels and bionanocapsules) have been used to enhance drug delivery to the brain. Recently, microchips and biodegradable polymers have become important in brain tumour therapy.The intense search for alternative routes of drug delivery (e.g. intranasal drug delivery, convection-enhanced diffusion and intrathecal/intraventricular drug delivery systems) has been driven by the need to overcome the physiological barriers of the brain and to achieve high drug concentrations within the brain. For more than 30 years, considerable efforts have been made to enhance the delivery of therapeutic molecules across the vascular barriers of the CNS. The current challenge is to develop drug delivery strategies that will allow the passage of drug molecules through the BBB in a safe and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad, India
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Abstract
The therapy of brain tumors has been limited by a lack of effective methods of drug delivery to the brain. Systemic administration is often associated with toxic side effects and ultimately fails to achieve therapeutic concentrations within a tumor. An attractive strategy that has gained importance in brain tumor therapy has relied on local and controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic agents by biodegradable polymers. This technique allows direct exposure of tumor cells to a therapeutic agent for a prolonged period of time and has been shown to prolong the survival of patients with malignant brain tumors. The use of polymers for local drug delivery greatly expands the spectrum of drugs available for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. This review discusses the rationale for local drug delivery, describes the development of currently available polymer-based therapeutic agents, and highlights examples of promising non-polymer based drug delivery methods for use in the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej S Lesniak
- Division of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej S Lesniak
- Division of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue-MC 3026, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Benjamin RK, Hochberg FH, Fox E, Bungay PM, Elmquist WF, Stewart CF, Gallo JM, Collins JM, Pelletier RP, de Groot JF, Hickner RC, Cavus I, Grossman SA, Colvin OM. Review of microdialysis in brain tumors, from concept to application: first annual Carolyn Frye-Halloran symposium. Neuro Oncol 2004; 6:65-74. [PMID: 14769143 PMCID: PMC1871970 DOI: 10.1215/s1152851703000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with brain tumors, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies of therapeutic agents have historically used analyses of drug concentrations in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, which unfortunately do not necessarily reflect concentrations within the tumor and adjacent brain. This review article introduces to neurological and medical oncologists, as well as pharmacologists, the application of microdialysis in monitoring drug metabolism and delivery within the fluid of the interstitial space of brain tumor and its surroundings. Microdialysis samples soluble molecules from the extracellular fluid via a semipermeable membrane at the tip of a probe. In the past decade, it has been used predominantly in neurointensive care in the setting of brain trauma, vasospasm, epilepsy,and intracerebral hemorrhage. At the first Carolyn Frye-Halloran Symposium held at Massachusetts General Hospital in March 2002, the concept of microdialysis was extended to specifically address its possible use in treating brain tumor patients. In doing so we provide a rationale for the use of this technology by a National Cancer Institute consortium, New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy, to measure levels of drugs in brain tissue as part of phase 1 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsis K Benjamin
- Brain Tumor Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Cranial Nerve Hemangioblastoma. J Neurosurg 2003. [DOI: 10.3171/jns.2003.98.4.0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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