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Ait Mouss K, Razki A, Hong E, Zaki B, Maaloum F, Nzoyikorera N, Belabbes H, Elmdaghri N, Zerouali K. Epidemiological profile of Neisseria meningitidis in Casablanca, Morocco: 2010-2019. Access Microbiol 2020; 2:acmi000157. [PMID: 33195986 PMCID: PMC7656187 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of invasive meningococcal diseases (IMD) must be carried out regularly and continuously in order to detect the emergence of strains of reduced susceptibility to antibiotics for therapeutic and prophylactic use and the appearance of new invasive clones. Molecular-typing approaches allow reliable traceability and powerful epidemiological analysis. This is an epidemiological study of Neisseria meningitidis causing meningitis in Casablanca, Morocco. The grouping was confirmed by PCR mainly on the isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A total of 245 confirmed isolates of N .meningitidis were obtained between 2010 and 2019 of which 93 % are of group B. Overall, 24 % of all the isolates have a reduced susceptibility to penicillin G, but no resistance to penicillin G has been reported. All the isolated strains are susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs). Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of a selection of 18 strains showed that the majority of isolates belong to the invasive clonal complex CC 32(9/18) followed by the CC 41/44(3/18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Ait Mouss
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.,Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco.,Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, place louis pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aziza Razki
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, place louis pasteur, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Eva Hong
- Institut Pasteur, Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Paris, France
| | - Bahija Zaki
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fakhreddine Maaloum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.,Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Néhémie Nzoyikorera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.,Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houria Belabbes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.,Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Elmdaghri
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360, Casablanca, Morocco.,Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
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Sridhar S, Greenwood B, Head C, Plotkin SA, Sáfadi MA, Saha S, Taha MK, Tomori O, Gessner BD. Global incidence of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease: a systematic review. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 15:1334-46. [PMID: 26453240 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Use of recently licensed vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NmB) will depend partly on disease burden estimates. We systematically reviewed NmB incidence and mortality worldwide between January, 2000, and March, 2015, incorporating data from 37 articles and 12 websites. Most countries had a yearly invasive NmB incidence of less than 2 per 100,000 people. Within these relatively low incidence rates (compared with common causes of invasive bacterial diseases), substantial variation was detected between countries, with a notably higher incidence in Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. China and India had reports only of sporadic cases, and except for South Africa, sub-Saharan Africa showed a near absence of disease. In countries with consistently collected data, NmB incidence has tended to decrease, even as the proportion of invasive meningococcal disease cases caused by serogroup B has increased. With few exceptions, case-fatality ratios were fairly consistent, ranging between 3% and 10%. In high-income countries, incidence rates of NmB were relatively low compared with other vaccine-preventable diseases and might be decreasing. High case-fatality ratios, substantial disease-related morbidity, and the threat of outbreaks could nevertheless make NmB an attractive target for preventive and reactive immunisation programmes. The low availability of data from low-income and middle-income countries suggests the need for improved surveillance before vaccination strategies are designed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Greenwood
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Stanley A Plotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco A Sáfadi
- Pediatrics Department, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Oyewale Tomori
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Lagos, Nigeria
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Caro JJ, Möller J, Getsios D, Coudeville L, El-Hadi W, Chevat C, Nguyen VH, Caro I. Invasive meningococcal disease epidemiology and control measures: a framework for evaluation. BMC Public Health 2007; 7:130. [PMID: 17603880 PMCID: PMC1925079 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningococcal disease can have devastating consequences. As new vaccines emerge, it is necessary to assess their impact on public health. In the absence of long-term real world data, modeling the effects of different vaccination strategies is required. Discrete event simulation provides a flexible platform with which to conduct such evaluations. METHODS A discrete event simulation of the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease was developed to quantify the potential impact of implementing routine vaccination of adolescents in the United States with a quadrivalent conjugate vaccine protecting against serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135. The impact of vaccination is assessed including both the direct effects on individuals vaccinated and the indirect effects resulting from herd immunity. The simulation integrates a variety of epidemiologic and demographic data, with core information on the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease and outbreak frequency derived from data available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Simulation of the potential indirect benefits of vaccination resulting from herd immunity draw on data from the United Kingdom, where routine vaccination with a conjugate vaccine has been in place for a number of years. Cases of disease are modeled along with their health consequences, as are the occurrence of disease outbreaks. RESULTS When run without a strategy of routine immunization, the simulation accurately predicts the age-specific incidence of invasive meningococcal disease and the site-specific frequency of outbreaks in the Unite States. 2,807 cases are predicted annually, resulting in over 14,000 potential life years lost due to invasive disease. In base case analyses of routine vaccination, life years lost due to infection are reduced by over 45% (to 7,600) when routinely vaccinating adolescents 12 years of age at 70% coverage. Sensitivity analyses indicate that herd immunity plays an important role when this population is targeted for vaccination. While 1,100 cases are avoided annually when herd immunity effects are included, in the absence of any herd immunity, the number of cases avoided with routine vaccination falls to 380 annually. The duration of vaccine protection also strongly influences results. CONCLUSION In the absence of appropriate real world data on outcomes associated with large-scale vaccination programs, decisions on optimal immunization strategies can be aided by discrete events simulations such as the one described here. Given the importance of herd immunity on outcomes associated with routine vaccination, published estimates of the economic efficiency of routine vaccination with a quadrivalent conjugate vaccine in the United States may have considerably underestimated the benefits associated with a policy of routine immunization of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaime Caro
- Caro Research Institute, 336 Baker, Concord, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörgen Möller
- Caro Research Institute, Vaggarpsvagen 11, SE24193 Eslov, Sweden
| | - Denis Getsios
- Caro Research Institute, 6415 Seaforth Street, Halifax, NS B3L 1R4, Canada
| | - L Coudeville
- sanofi pasteur, 2 Ave du Pont Pasteur, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, Lyon, France
| | | | - Catherine Chevat
- sanofi pasteur, 2 Ave du Pont Pasteur, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, Lyon, France
| | - Van Hung Nguyen
- sanofi pasteur, 2 Ave du Pont Pasteur, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, Lyon, France
| | - Ingrid Caro
- Caro Research Institute, 185 Dorval Ave., Montreal, Quebec, H9S 5J9, Canada
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