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Bezerra CS, Portilho MM, Frota CC, Villar LM. Comparison of four extraction methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in dried blood spot samples. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1161. [PMID: 33970537 PMCID: PMC8107022 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried blood spot (DBS) samples are a useful resource for viral DNA isolation and important in increasing access to HBV diagnosis. However, the choice of the DNA extraction method is crucial for reliable results. We compared the reliability of four DNA extraction methods using DBS samples for the qualitative and quantitative detection of HBV. A panel of serially diluted HBV DNA in whole blood was spotted onto filter paper (Whatman 903 paper and Whatman FTA cards). Four methods were used to extract DNA: QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen); High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit (Roche); Invisorb Spin Blood Midi Kit (Invitek), and DBS Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen Biotek). Two qualitative PCRs for the core and surface gene regions of HBV were used, and in‐house real‐time PCR was also evaluated. It was possible to detect HBV DNA using all extraction and PCR protocols. The lowest limit of detection was found using Whatman 903 paper, Roche extraction, and qualitative PCR (20 copies of HBV DNA per ml) for the surface/polymerase HBV region. In the case of in‐house real‐time PCR, the lowest limit of detection was found using both Roche and Qiagen assays (estimated 2 × 103 copies per ml). These results suggest the importance of both the extraction method and PCR protocol in detecting HBV DNA in DBS. This study provides insights into the utility of DBS samples in HBV molecular diagnosis and their feasibility in low resource areas where cold storage and transportation may be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristianne Sousa Bezerra
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Moyra Machado Portilho
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cunha Frota
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Teh CP, Chook JB, Ngeow YF, Tong TYK, Tee KK, Bong JJ, Mohamed R. Primer and probe conservation issue in the quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA. Rev Med Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chye Phing Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Science and Technology Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Medical Sciences School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jack Bee Chook
- Department of Medical Sciences School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Department of Pre‐Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Kajang Malaysia
| | - Tommy Yuh Koon Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Science and Technology Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kok Keng Tee
- Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Jan Jin Bong
- Sunway Medical Centre Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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3
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Sengupta I, Das D, Singh SP, Chakravarty R, Das C. Host transcription factor Speckled 110 kDa (Sp110), a nuclear body protein, is hijacked by hepatitis B virus protein X for viral persistence. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20379-20393. [PMID: 29046350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.796839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NB) are sub-nuclear organelles that are the hub of numerous proteins. DNA/RNA viruses often hijack the cellular factors resident in PML-NBs to promote their proliferation in host cells. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), belonging to Hepadnaviridae family, remains undetected in early infection as it does not induce the innate immune response and is known to be the cause of several hepatic diseases leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The association of PML-NB proteins and HBV is being addressed in a number of recent studies. Here, we report that the PML-NB protein Speckled 110 kDa (Sp110) is SUMO1-modified and undergoes a deSUMOylation-driven release from the PML-NB in the presence of HBV. Intriguingly, Sp110 knockdown significantly reduced viral DNA load in the culture supernatant by activation of the type I interferon-response pathway. Furthermore, we found that Sp110 differentially regulates several direct target genes of hepatitis B virus protein X (HBx), a viral co-factor. Subsequently, we identified Sp110 as a novel interactor of HBx and found this association to be essential for the exit of Sp110 from the PML-NB during HBV infection and HBx recruitment on the promoter of these genes. HBx, in turn, modulates the recruitment of its associated transcription cofactors p300/HDAC1 to these co-regulated genes, thereby altering the host gene expression program in favor of viral persistence. Thus, we report a mechanism by which HBV can evade host immune response by hijacking the PML-NB protein Sp110, and therefore, we propose it to be a novel target for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sengupta
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700064
| | - Dipanwita Das
- the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Virus Unit, Kolkata, Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital Campus, Kolkata 700010, and
| | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- the Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Beam Diagnostics Premises, Cuttack-753001, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Virus Unit, Kolkata, Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital Campus, Kolkata 700010, and
| | - Chandrima Das
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700064,
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4
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Basu S, Paul T, Yadav P, Debnath A, Sarkar K. Molecular Study of Indigenous Bacterial Community Composition on Exposure to Soil Arsenic Concentration Gradient. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:209-221. [PMID: 28735305 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Community structure of bacteria present in arsenic contaminated agricultural soil was studied with qPCR (quantitative PCR) and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) as an indicator of extreme stresses. Copy number of six common bacterial taxa (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes) was calculated using group specific primers of 16S rDNA. It revealed that soil contaminated with low concentration of arsenic was dominated by both Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria but a shift towards Proteobacteria was observed with increasing arsenic concentration, and number of Actinobacteria eventually decreases. PCA (Principle Component Analysis) plot of bacterial community composition indicated a distinct resemblance among high arsenic content samples, while low arsenic content samples remained separated from others. Cluster analysis of soil parameters identifies three clusters, each of them was related to the arsenic content. Further, cluster analysis of 16S rDNA based DGGE fingerprint markedly distributed the soil bacterial populations into low (< 10 ppm) and high (> 10 ppm) arsenic content subgroups. Following analysis of diversity indices shows significant variation in bacterial community structure. MDS (Multi Dimensional Scaling) plot revealed distinction in the distribution of each sample denoting variation in bacterial diversity. Phylogenetic sequence analysis of fragments excised from DGGE gel revealed the presence of γ-Proteobacteria group across the study sites. Collectively, our experiments indicated that gradient of arsenic contamination affected the shape of the soil bacterial population by significant structural shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semanti Basu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanima Paul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Debnath
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, BCKV, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Keka Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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5
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Ghosh S, Sow A, Guillot C, Jeng A, Ndow G, Njie R, Toure S, Diop M, Mboup S, Kane CT, Lemoine M, Thursz M, Zoulim F, Mendy M, Chemin I. Implementation of an in-house quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method for Hepatitis B virus quantification in West African countries. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:897-904. [PMID: 27353593 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. HBV infection is diagnosed by serological tests, while real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays are used to quantify viral load, which is a crucial parameter to determine viral replication and to monitor antiviral treatments. However, measuring viral load in resource-limited countries remains nonsystematic, due to the high cost of commercial kits. Here, we describe the development, validation and implementation of a low-cost, in-house qRT-PCR assay to monitor HBV viral load in chronic carriers enrolled in the PROLIFICA programme in the Gambia and Senegal. Over 1500 HBsAg-positive patients, including 210 chronically infected HBV patients, who were given antiviral treatment (tenofovir), were monitored by qRT-PCR using the SYBR Green- and HBV-specific primers. Twenty-four tenofovir-treated patients were followed up and their viral load was tested every 3 months over the 12-month experimental time course. Compared to commercial assays, our in-house assay was shown to be (i) highly reliable, with good intra- and interassay reproducibility over a wide range (45-4.5 × 108 copies mL-1 ), (ii) very similar in the viral loads detected (R2 = .90), (iii) highly sensitive, as it detected loads as low as 30 copies mL-1 (~5 IU mL-1 ), (iv) cheaper (2- to 3-fold), (v) easier to implement and (vi) more rapid. Based on our experience, we recommend this assay as a reliable alternative to commercial assays, for monitoring HBV viraemia in resource-limited, highly endemic countries to reduce the cost and technical obstacles associated with commercial kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - A Sow
- La Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C Guillot
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - A Jeng
- MRC, The Gambia Unit, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - G Ndow
- MRC, The Gambia Unit, Banjul, The Gambia
- Department of Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Njie
- MRC, The Gambia Unit, Banjul, The Gambia
- Laboratory Services and Biobank Group (DIR/LSB), IARC, Lyon, France
| | - S Toure
- MRC, The Gambia Unit, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - M Diop
- La Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - M Lemoine
- Department of Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Thursz
- Department of Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
- Department of Hepatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Mendy
- Laboratory Services and Biobank Group (DIR/LSB), IARC, Lyon, France
| | - I Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
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Bihl F, Martinetti G, Wandeler G, Weber R, Ledergeber B, Calmy A, Battegay M, Cavassini M, Vernazza P, Caminada AP, Rickenbach M, Bernasconi E. HBV genotypes and response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV/HBV-coinfected persons. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:79. [PMID: 26152237 PMCID: PMC4495698 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes can influence treatment outcome in HBV-monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HBV-coinfected patients. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plays a pivotal role in antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV/HBV-coinfected patients. The influence of HBV genotypes on the response to antiviral drugs, particularly TDF, is poorly understood. Methods HIV/HBV-co-infected participants with detectable HBV DNA prior to TDF therapy were selected from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. HBV genotypes were identified and resistance testing was performed prior to antiviral therapy, and in patients with delayed treatment response (>6 months). The efficacy of TDF to suppress HBV (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL) and the influence of HBV genotypes were determined. Results 143 HIV/HBV-coinfected participants with detectable HBV DNA were identified. The predominant HBV genotypes were A (82 patients, 57 %); and D (35 patients, 24 %); 20 patients (14 %) were infected with multiple genotypes (3 % A + D and 11 % A + G); and genotypes B, C and E were each present in two patients (1 %). TDF completely suppressed HBV DNA in 131 patients (92 %) within 6 months; and in 12 patients (8 %), HBV DNA suppression was delayed. No HBV resistance mutations to TDF were found in patients with delayed response, but all were infected with HBV genotype A (among these, 5 patients with genotype A + G), and all had previously been exposed to lamivudine. Conclusion In HIV/HBV-coinfected patients, infection with multiple HBV genotypes was more frequent than previously reported. The large majority of patients had an undetectable HBV viral load at six months of TDF-containing ART. In patients without viral suppression, no TDF-related resistance mutations were found. The role of specific genotypes and prior lamivudine treatment in the delayed response to TDF warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bihl
- Cantonal Hepatobiliary Unit, Ente Ospedaliera Cantonale, Ospedale San Giovanni Bellinzona,Switzerland and Gastroenterology and Hepatology Service, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Gladys Martinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Ente Ospedaliera Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Gilles Wandeler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Bern, and Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Rainer Weber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Ledergeber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital of S. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Anna-Paola Caminada
- Institute of Microbiology, Ente Ospedaliera Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | | | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Jain P, Prakash S, Gupta S, Singh KP, Shrivastava S, Singh DD, Singh J, Jain A. Prevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis E virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in North India: a hospital based study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 31:261-5. [PMID: 23883712 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. AIM The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as causes of AVH in a tertiary care hospital of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Blood samples and clinical information was collected from cases of AVH referred to the Grade I viral diagnostic laboratory over a 1-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV total antibodies, anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-HEV IgM by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR for nucleic acid detection of HBV and HCV was also carried out. Those positive for HBV infection were tested for anti-HDV antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Fisher's exact test was used and a P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 267 viral hepatitis cases, 62 (23.22%) patients presented as acute hepatic failure. HAV (26.96%) was identified as the most common cause of acute hepatitis followed by HEV (17.97%), HBV (16.10%) and HCV (11.98%). Co-infections with more than one virus were present in 34 cases; HAV-HEV co-infection being the most common. HEV was the most important cause of acute hepatic failure followed by co-infection with HAV and HEV. An indication towards epidemiological shift of HAV infection from children to adults with a rise in HAV prevalence was seen. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating epidemiological shift of HAV in Uttar Pradesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jain
- Department of Microbiology, K.G. Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Protocol for the use of light upon extension real-time PCR for the determination of viral load in HBV infection. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 903:273-82. [PMID: 22782825 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-937-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Real-time PCR has engendered wide acceptance for quantitation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the blood due to its improved rapidity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and reduced contamination. Here we describe a cost-effective and highly sensitive HBV real-time quantitative assay based on the light upon extension real-time PCR platform and a simple and reliable HBV DNA preparation method using silica-coated magnetic beads.
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Portilho MM, Martins PP, Lampe E, Villar LM. A comparison of molecular methods for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detection from oral fluid samples. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:844-851. [PMID: 22403138 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.040238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate four commercial DNA extraction methods and three PCR protocols for hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection in artificially contaminated oral fluid samples. The extraction protocols were selected based on ease of use and cost, and were also compared with respect to sensitivity and cost. Prior PCR optimization was conducted, in which the sample volume for DNA extraction and the concentrations of DNA and Taq DNA polymerase in the PCR were adjusted. One-round PCR, used to amplify the core region of the HBV genome, achieved high levels of sensitivity in comparison with nested and semi-nested PCR experiments that were designed for the amplification of HBV surface protein genes. Of the four extraction protocols evaluated, the RTP DNA/RNA Virus Mini kit and the QIAamp DNA Mini kit gave the highest recovery rates, presenting 20 copies of HBV DNA ml(-1) as the limit of detection. These results suggest that HBV DNA can be detected from oral fluid samples but that the optimization of the PCR assays and the choice of extraction methods must be determined by laboratories before the implementation of this method in routine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Pais Martins
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Song G. LNA real-time PCR probe quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA. Exp Ther Med 2011; 3:503-508. [PMID: 22969919 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we standardized a TaqMan locked nucleic acid (LNA) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probe for the accurate quantification and detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum (plasma), and evaluated its methodology. LNA probe technology had a much better detection performance in HBV DNA than the common TaqMan probe. The assay based on the LNA probe had a wider linear detection range, higher sensitivity, stability and amplification efficiency, and a lower concentration of probes than the TaqMan probe. Among the 15 cases with chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (+) alone, only 4 cases that were detected by TaqMan real-time PCR were negative; however, the same samples were positive by LNA real-time PCR (p<0.05). A positive correlation between viral load measurements for the 35 samples with HBV-positive DNA was detected in both LNA and TaqMan real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College
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11
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Watanabe M, Shibuya A, Tsunoda Y, Danbara M, Ishii R, Ohsaka M, Takada J, Tanaka Y, Okuwaki Y, Minamino T, Hidaka H, Nakazawa T, Horie R, Higashihara M, Koizumi W. Re-appearance of hepatitis B virus following therapy with rituximab for lymphoma is not rare in Japanese patients with past hepatitis B virus infection. Liver Int 2011; 31:340-7. [PMID: 21134110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis is a well-known fatal complication following chemo-immunosuppressive therapy in patients with past HBV infection (HB surface antigen and serum HBV DNA negative, but HB core antibody and/or HB surface antibody positive). This research was conducted to evaluate the incidence of and clinical features associated with re-appearance of serum HBV DNA following chemo-immunosuppressive therapy in Japanese patients with past HBV infection. METHODS This is a retrospective review. Forty-five patients with past HBV infection who had received chemo-immunosuppressive therapy for haematological disease were followed up for >6 months, to determine whether the serum test for HBV changed from negative to positive (i.e. re-appearance of serum HBV DNA following chemo-immunosuppressive therapy). RESULTS Re-appearance of serum HBV DNA was confirmed in five (20.8%) of the 24 patients who had received treatment regimens containing rituximab, but in none of the 21 patients who had not received treatment regimens containing rituximab (P=0.035). The HBV genotype could be determined in four of the five aforementioned patients, and in all four, HBV genotype C, which is the most prevalent genotype in Japan, was identified. CONCLUSION This research showed that re-appearance of serum HBV DNA is not rare in Japanese patients treated with chemotherapy regimens containing rituximab, and no other factors related to such re-appearance of serum HBV DNA could be identified. Well-designed clinical studies, including immunological and genetic analyses of the host and of the HBV, are required for further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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12
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Watanabe M, Shibuya A, Takada J, Tanaka Y, Okuwaki Y, Minamino T, Hidaka H, Nakazawa T, Koizumi W. Entecavir is an optional agent to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation: a review of 16 patients. Eur J Intern Med 2010; 21:333-7. [PMID: 20603047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a fatal complication in patients who receive chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy. We examined the effect of preventive entecavir (ETV), a new nucleoside analogue on HBV reactivation during chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS Between February 2007 and September 2009, sixteen nucleoside analogue treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV infection (HB surface antigen [HBsAg] positive) who required chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy were enrolled. Referring to some guidelines, the patients received preventive ETV to reduce incidence of HBV reactivation, and were closely monitored for HBV markers. RESULTS HBV reactivation did not occur in any of the 16 patients and the indispensable treatments for their underlying diseases could be continued. However, HBV relapsed after preventive ETV was discontinued in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ETV is a useful option for preventing HBV reactivation in patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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13
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Kyung YS, Park HY, Lee G. Preservation of uroplakins by 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate in cyclophosphamide-induced rat cystitis. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:51-7. [PMID: 20186394 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) causes extensive cystitis, which is ameliorated with concomitant treatment with mesna. We investigated the protective mechanisms of mesna in the expression of uroplakin (UP), a strong mucosal barrier against toxic materials, in CP-induced rat cystitis. A total of 54 SD female rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg of CP/kg. Six CP-treated, 6 CP + mesna (120 mg/kg)-treated rats, and 6 negative controls were sequentially sacrificed at 12, 24, and 72 h post-CP injection. The bladders were harvested. The levels of UPIa, Ib, II, and III mRNA on real-time PCR, the UPII and III expressions on immunoblotting, and the UPII expression on immunolocalization study in the harvested bladder were maximally suppressed within 12-24 h, whereas partially or completely recovered at 24-72 h post-CP injection. In addition, the responses in UPs after a CP insult were heterogeneous (i.e., markedly suppressed in UPII and lesser destructive in UPIII). Even though the mesna-treated rats also showed transient and small reductions in the mRNA levels of all UPs, mesna clearly preserved the UP expressions of mRNA and protein in CP-induced urinary bladder mucosa. In conclusion, this study suggests that CP transiently reduces the expression of UPs and mesna protects the urinary bladder mucosa through the preservation of UPs protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Soo Kyung
- Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Ansedong Cheonan Si, Chungcheoung Nam Do, South Korea
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A novel real-time PCR assay for determination of viral loads in person infected with hepatitis B virus. J Virol Methods 2009; 165:9-14. [PMID: 20026193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel LUX (Light Upon eXtension) primer-based real-time PCR assay was developed and evaluated in this study, which was designed to provide a cost-effective, specific and highly sensitive method for viral load determination of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The assay employed an effective and rapid nucleic acid extraction system based on magnetic beads. To evaluate its efficacy, this new viral DNA preparation method was compared with QIAamp Blood Mini Kit and the results showed a good correlation (r=0.971; P<0.001). The performance of the LUX real-time assay was validated by testing serial dilutions of HBV plasmid DNA (5 to 5 x 10(8)copies/reaction) and a good linear relationship was obtained between the Ct values and the log(10) concentration of the HBV DNA. The assay possessed high sensitivity and the detection limit of this system was as few as 25 copies/ml of serum. A total of 91 positive serum samples were detected to evaluate further the assay and the high specificity was confirmed by melting curve analysis. This assay provides an ideal tool for monitoring the treatment efficacy and studying the relationship between HBV viral load and the stage of disease.
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Shi M, Zhang Y, Zhu YH, Zhang J, Xu WJ. Comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction with the COBAS Amplicor test for quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum samples. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:479-83. [PMID: 18200674 PMCID: PMC2679140 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the clinical performance of a real-time PCR assay with the COBAS Amplicor Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Monitor test for quantitation of HBV DNA in serum samples.
METHODS: The reference sera of the Chinese National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products and the National Center for Clinical Laboratories of China, and 158 clinical serum samples were used in this study. The linearity, accuracy, reproducibility, assay time, and costs of the real-time PCR were evaluated and compared with those of the Cobas Amplicor test.
RESULTS: The intra-assay and inter-assay variations of the real-time PCR ranged from 0.3% to 3.8% and 1.4% to 8.1%, respectively. The HBV DNA levels measured by the real-time PCR correlated very well with those obtained with the COBAS Amplicor test (r = 0.948). The real-time PCR HBV DNA kit was much cheaper and had a wider dynamic range.
CONCLUSION: The real-time PCR assay is an excellent tool for monitoring of HBV DNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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