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Tongue Diagnosis Index of Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomed J 2022; 46:170-178. [PMID: 35158075 PMCID: PMC10104955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To apply non-invasive Automatic Tongue Diagnosis System (ATDS) in analyzing tongue features in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS This was a cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study. Patients with CKD who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into the following groups according to renal function and dialysis status: non-dialysis CKD group; end-stage renal disease (ESRD) group; and control group. Tongue images were captured and eight tongue features-shape, color, fur thickness, saliva, fissure, ecchymosis, teeth marks, and red dots-were imaged and analyzed by ATDS. RESULTS 117 participants (57 men, 60 women) were enrolled in the study, which included 16 in control group, 38 in non-dialysis CKD group, and 63 in ESRD group. We demonstrated significant differences in the fur thickness (p = 0.045), color (p = 0.005), amounts of ecchymosis (p = 0.010), teeth marks (p = 0.016), and red dot (p < 0.001) among three groups. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve for the amount of ecchymosis was 0.757 ± 0.055 (95% confidence interval, 0.648-0866; p < 0.001). Additionally, with increase in ecchymosis by one point, the risk of CKD dialysis rose by 1.523 times (95% confidence interval, 1.198-1.936; p = 0.001). After hemodialysis, the amount of saliva (p = 0.038), the area of saliva (p = 0.048) and the number of red dots (p = 0.040) were decreased significantly among patients with ESRD. On the contrary, the percentage of coating (p = 0.002) and area of coating (p = 0.026) were increased significantly after hemodialysis. CONCLUSION Blood deficiency and stasis with qi deficiency or blood heat syndrome (Zheng pattern) is common in patients with CKD. The risk of CKD dialysis increases with increasing ecchymosis. Hemodialysis can affect saliva, tongue coating, and relieve heat syndrome among ESRD patients.
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JARROS ISABELEC, VEIGA FLÁVIAF, CORRÊA JAKELINEL, BARROS ISABELLAL, PEDROSO RAISSAB, NEGRI MELYSSA, SVIDZINSKI TEREZINHAI. Farnesol modulation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in biofilm and planktonic forms. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211127. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chen JM, Chiu PF, Wu FM, Hsu PC, Deng LJ, Chang CC, Chiang JY, Lo LC. The tongue features associated with chronic kidney disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25037. [PMID: 33655979 PMCID: PMC7939160 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tongue diagnosis plays an important role in differentiation of symptoms because the tongue reflects the physiological and pathological condition of the body. The automatic tongue diagnosis system (ATDS), which noninvasively captures tongue images, can provide objective and reliable diagnostic information. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) currently is an important global public health problem and contributor to morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. Thus, it is interesting to analyze and probe the relationship between tongue examination and CKD. METHODS This protocol is a cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study investigating the usefulness of the ATDS in clinical practice by examining its efficacy as a diagnostic tool for CKD. Volunteers over 20 years old with and without CKD will be enrolled. Tongue images will be captured and the patients divided into 2 groups: CKD group and healthy group. Nine primary tongue features will be extracted and analyzed, including tongue shape, tongue color, tooth mark, tongue fissure, fur color, fur thickness, saliva, ecchymosis, and red dots. RESULT The results of this study will systematically evaluate tongue manifestations of patients and examine its efficacy as an early detection and diagnosis of CKD. DISCUSSION The aim of this protocol is to investigate discriminating tongue features to distinguish between CKD and normal people, and establish differentiating index to facilitate the noninvasive detection of CKD. TRIAL REGISTRIES ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT04708743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Feng-Mei Wu
- Nursing Department, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua
| | - Po-Chi Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | | | - Chia-Chu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung
| | - John Y. Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Lun-Chien Lo
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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A tongue features fusion approach to predicting prediabetes and diabetes with machine learning. J Biomed Inform 2021; 115:103693. [PMID: 33540076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetics has become a serious public health burden in China. Multiple complications appear with the progression of diabetics pose a serious threat to the quality of human life and health. We can prevent the progression of prediabetics to diabetics and delay the progression to diabetics by early identification of diabetics and prediabetics and timely intervention, which have positive significance for improving public health. OBJECTIVE Using machine learning techniques, we establish the noninvasive diabetics risk prediction model based on tongue features fusion and predict the risk of prediabetics and diabetics. METHODS Applying the type TFDA-1 Tongue Diagnosis Instrument, we collect tongue images, extract tongue features including color and texture features using TDAS, and extract the advanced tongue features with ResNet-50, achieve the fusion of the two features with GA_XGBT, finally establish the noninvasive diabetics risk prediction model and evaluate the performance of testing effectiveness. RESULTS Cross-validation suggests the best performance of GA_XGBT model with fusion features, whose average CA is 0.821, the average AUROC is 0.924, the average AUPRC is 0.856, the average Precision is 0.834, the average Recall is 0.822, the average F1-score is 0.813. Test set suggests the best testing performance of GA_XGBT model, whose average CA is 0.81, the average AUROC is 0.918, the average AUPRC is 0.839, the average Precision is 0.821, the average Recall is 0.81, the average F1-score is 0.796. When we test prediabetics with GA_XGBT model, we find that the AUROC is 0.914, the Precision is 0.69, the Recall is 0.952, the F1-score is 0.8. When we test diabetics with GA_XGBT model, we find that the AUROC is 0.984, the Precision is 0.929, the Recall is 0.951, the F1-score is 0.94. CONCLUSIONS Based on tongue features, the study uses classical machine learning algorithm and deep learning algorithm to maximum the respective advantages. We combine the prior knowledge and potential features together, establish the noninvasive diabetics risk prediction model with features fusion algorithm, and detect prediabetics and diabetics noninvasively. Our study presents a feasible method for establishing the association between diabetics and the tongue image information and prove that tongue image information is a potential marker which facilitates effective early diagnosis of prediabetics and diabetics.
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Silva RVDR, Costa MI, Jarros IC, Del Bel Cury AA, Sidhu SK, Negri M, Pascotto RC. Effect of Silicon dioxide coating of acrylic resin surfaces on Candida albicans adhesion. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e110. [PMID: 32876123 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylic resin has been used in the manufacture of prostheses, however, in the oral cavity, this material starts to retain microorganisms capable of causing gingival inflammation due its porosities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of silicon dioxide as a coating layer applied onto acrylic resin, on the adhesion of Candida albicans (Ca). After the incubation period in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth, a total of 1 ml of the Ca suspension was added to plate wells, each well containing a specimen of acrylic resin. The adhesion ability of Ca on acrylic resin was determined by counting colonies. Three groups (n = 6) of acrylic resin were assessed: with polishing (RP); without polishing (RW); with polishing and coating layer of silicon dioxide (RPC). Ca deposited on the surface of the acrylic resin was also observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Statistical assessment by Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls Method were done (α = 2%). There was significant difference among the groups. The RPC group showed the lowest growth, with an average of 5.59 Log CFU/cm 2 ; there was a statistically significant difference in relation to group RW, which presented a growth of 6.07 Log CFU/cm 2 and to group RP with 5.91 Log CFU/cm 2 (p < 000.1). SEM images demonstrated that in the RP and RPC group, the surface of the resin had greater regularity, and smaller number of microorganisms. The application of silicon dioxide coating on acrylic resin appears to be a promising alternative, and its use can help in reducing the adhesion of Ca in prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiara Ignácio Costa
- Division of Medical Mycology, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabele Carrilho Jarros
- Division of Medical Mycology, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Sharanbir Kaur Sidhu
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Division of Medical Mycology, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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de la Rosa-García E, Olalde-Hernández MJ, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Mondragón-Padilla A, Mendoza-Juache A, Sánchez-Vargas LO. Antifungal susceptibility of oral isolates of Candida species from chronic kidney disease patients on chronic dialysis. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:101009. [PMID: 32620497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic renal disease patients under chronic dialysis (CRDD) have a multifactorial immunological deterioration with an increased risk of Candida infections. Incidence of Candida infections is increasing. Choice of suitable antifungal agents is limited due to the resistance of some species to several antifungals. Aim of the present study was to identify the distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral isolated Candida species from infected and colonized patients, as well as to investigate the risk factors for oral infection in patients on dialysis. Cross-sectional study, approved by the institutional bioethics committees was performed in CRDD patients. Demographic, clinic data, and oral mucosa samples were obtained. Infection diagnosis was established clinically and confirmed with exfoliative cytology, each sample was plated on CHROMagar Candida and incubated at 36°C for 2 days. Yeast species were identified by carbohydrate assimilation ID 32C AUX system and the apiweb database. For the antifungal susceptibility test, the M44 A-3 method (CLSI) using fluconazole (FCZ), miconazole (MCZ), nystatin (NYS), and voriconazole (VCZ). Study included 119 participants, the main cause of CRD was nephropathy due to DM2 (58%), and three-fourths of the patients were under hemodialysis. Candida prevalence was 56.3% of 67 colonized or infected patients, 88 isolates were obtained. Principal identified species were C. albicans (51.1%), C. glabrata (25%), and C. tropicalis (14.8%). C. glabrata showed a reduced response to FCZ in 50% of isolates and C. albicans had a reduced response in 16% of the isolates. Antifungal agent with the least efficacious response or with the lowest susceptibility in the isolates of these patients was MCZ, followed by VCZ and FCZ, whereas NYS induced the best antifungal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de la Rosa-García
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, México City, Mexico
| | - M J Olalde-Hernández
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, México City, Mexico
| | - M E Irigoyen-Camacho
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, México City, Mexico
| | - A Mondragón-Padilla
- Simplified Surgery Specialty Clinic "Dr. Pedro Barcenas Hiriart", Institute of Social Security and Services of State Workers (ISSSTE), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A Mendoza-Juache
- Biochemistry and Microbiology laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology - University Autonomous of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - L O Sánchez-Vargas
- Biochemistry and Microbiology laboratory, Faculty of Stomatology - University Autonomous of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Jarros IC, Veiga FF, Corrêa JL, Barros ILE, Gadelha MC, Voidaleski MF, Pieralisi N, Pedroso RB, Vicente VA, Negri M, Svidzinski TIE. Microbiological and virulence aspects of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:687-704. [PMID: 32536838 PMCID: PMC7290102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize microbiologically clinical isolates of R. mucilaginosa isolated from colonization of a patient with chronic renal disease (CKD), as well as to evaluate their phylogeny, antifungal susceptibility, virulence, and pathogenicity in order to infer the potential to become a possible infective agent. For this study, two isolates of R. mucilaginosa from oral colonization of a CKD patient were isolated, identified and characterized by classical (genotypic and phenotypic) methods. Susceptibility to conventional antifungals was evaluated, followed by biofilm production, measured by different techniques (total biomass, metabolic activity, colony forming units and extracellular matrix quantification). Finally, the pathogenicity of yeast was evaluated by infection of Tenebrio molitor larvae. All isolates were resistant to azole and sensitive to polyenes and they were able to adhere and form biofilm on the abiotic surface of polystyrene. In general, similar profiles among isolates were observed over the observed periods (2, 24, 48 and 72 hours). Regarding extracellular matrix components of biofilms at different maturation ages, R. mucilaginosa was able to produce eDNA, eRNA, proteins, and polysaccharides that varied according to time and the strain. The death curve in vivo model showed a large reduction in the survival percentage of the larvae was observed in the first 24 hours, with only 40 % survival at the end of the evaluation. We infer that colonization of chronic renal patients by R. mucilaginosa offers a high risk of serious infection. And also emphasize that the correct identification of yeast is the main means for an efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Carrilho Jarros
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Franco Veiga
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Luiz Corrêa
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabella Letícia Esteves Barros
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Cristina Gadelha
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Morgana F. Voidaleski
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Neli Pieralisi
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raissa Bocchi Pedroso
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia A. Vicente
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski, Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analysis – Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Av. Colombo, 5790 CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, PR., Brazil; Phone: +5544 3011-4809, Fax: +5544 3011-4860, E-mail: or
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Bao L, Yu Y. Study on Tongue Coating Microbiota in Patients with Atrophic Gastritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2020.1012049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tsuchida S, Yoshimura K, Nakamura N, Asanuma N, Iwasaki SI, Miyagawa Y, Yamagiwa S, Ebihara T, Morozumi Y, Asami T, Kosuge N. Non-invasive intravital observation of lingual surface features using sliding oral mucoscopy techniques in clinically healthy subjects. Odontology 2019; 108:43-56. [PMID: 31309386 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate intravital morphological features of the broader area of the lingual mucosa in clinically healthy subjects, and to attempt to evaluate subclinical conditions, we evaluated detailed intravital morphological features of the lingual mucosa using our newly developed oral contact mucoscopy techniques. Clinically healthy subjects (female: 19-22 years, average age: 20.27 years, and n = 28) were enrolled. A position indicator stain was placed on the lingual mucosal surface, and sliding images were captured and then reconstructed. In addition, the lingual mucosa was divided into six areas, and morphometry of the fungiform and filiform papillae was performed. The results were statistically analyzed. There were two morphological features among clinically healthy subjects involving the filiform papillae: the length of the papillae and the degree of biofilm (tongue coat) deposition. We defined a modified tongue coat index (mTCI) with scores ranging from 0 (tongue coating not visible) to 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 (thick tongue coating) for six sections of the tongue dorsum. No subjects received a score of 2. Significant differences were found in the mTCI between the six sections of the tongue dorsum, especially between the posterior areas and the lingual apex. The fungiform papillae of some subjects exhibited elongated morphological changes. Our findings suggest that magnified lingual dorsum examination of a broader area is especially important in accurate screening for subclinical or transient conditions of potential lingual mucosal diseases. For this purpose, our new oral mucoscopy and non-invasive intravital observational techniques were especially effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tsuchida
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Asanuma
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Iwasaki
- Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Miyagawa
- Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamagiwa
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Ebihara
- Comprehensive Dental Care, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuko Morozumi
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asami
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Kosuge
- Department of Dental Hygiene, The Nippon Dental University College at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Sakita KM, Conrado PCV, Faria DR, Arita GS, Capoci IRG, Rodrigues-Vendramini FAV, Pieralisi N, Cesar GB, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Hioka N, Kioshima ES, Svidzinski TIE, Bonfim-Mendonça PS. Copolymeric micelles as efficient inert nanocarrier for hypericin in the photodynamic inactivation of Candida species. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:519-531. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by hypericin encapsulated in P-123 copolymeric micelles (P123-Hyp) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLU) against planktonic cells and biofilm formation of Candida species Materials & methods: PDI was performed using P123-Hyp and an LED device with irradiance of 3.0 mW/cm2 . Results: Most of isolates (70%) were completely inhibited with concentrations up to 2.0 μmol/l of HYP and light fluence of 16.2 J/cm2. FLU-resistant strains had synergic effect with P123-HYP-PDI and FLU. The biofilm formation was inhibited in all species, in additional the changes in Candida morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion: P123-Hyp-PDI is a promising option to treat fungal infections and medical devices to prevent biofilm formation and fungal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Sakita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna CV Conrado
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniella R Faria
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaucia S Arita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isis RG Capoci
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Neli Pieralisi
- Department of Odontology, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B Cesar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika S Kioshima
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Neyraud E, Morzel M. Biological films adhering to the oral soft tissues: Structure, composition, and potential impact on taste perception. J Texture Stud 2018; 50:19-26. [PMID: 30226267 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of free-flowing saliva in taste perception is increasingly recognized, but saliva is also present in the mouth as films intimately associated to soft or hard tissues. On mucosal surfaces, particularly on the tongue, the structure and composition of such films (including its microbial constitutive part) may play a particular role in the sense of taste due to their proximity with the taste anatomical structures. This review compiles the current knowledge on the structure of biological films adhering to oral mucosae and on their biochemical and microbiological composition, before presenting possible implications for taste perception. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The understanding of the role of oral biological films on taste perception may provide new avenues of research and development for the industry or academia interested broadly in chemosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Neyraud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Martine Morzel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Andrade MRTC, Curvelo JADR, de Moraes DC, Portela M, Ferreira-Pereira A, Soares RMDA, Primo LG. Salivary pH and colonization by oral Candida in children and adolescents submitted to haemodialysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:533-539. [PMID: 29974548 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections are a serious problem among haemodialysis patients. AIM The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of oral Candida species among children and adolescents undergoing haemodialysis (HD), to identify the isolated species, and to study the relationship between haemodialysis duration, amounts of colony-forming units, and salivary pH. DESIGN A matched sample of 52 patients undergoing HD and 52 healthy individuals were selected. The samples were obtained from the dorsum of the tongue, and the colonies were identified through a substrate assimilation test. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from each patient for evaluation of salivary pH. RESULTS The frequency of oral Candida species was 34.6% (18/52) and 46.20% (24/52) in the HD and control groups (P = 0.23), respectively. Candida parapsilosis complex was the most frequently isolated fungi species in the HD group (P = 0.03). A HD therapy duration of more than 1 year was statistically correlated with a higher number of colony-forming units (P = 0.03) but was not statistically related to salivary pH. CONCLUSIONS Candida parapsilosis complex was the most frequently isolated fungal species in the young HD patients, and the duration therapy was associated with higher oral colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Clemente de Moraes
- Institute of Microbiology Professor Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maristela Portela
- Department of Clinics and Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brasil
| | - Antonio Ferreira-Pereira
- Institute of Microbiology Professor Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Laura Guimarães Primo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Tomooka K, Saito I, Furukawa S, Maruyama K, Eguchi E, Iso H, Tanigawa T. Yellow Tongue Coating is Associated With Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese Non-smoking Men and Women: The Toon Health Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:287-291. [PMID: 29311441 PMCID: PMC5976872 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20160169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow tongue coating is one of the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus according to traditional East Asian medicine. Few reports have been available on the association between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the general population. We examined that association among population samples of non-smoking men and women. METHODS The study subjects were Japanese non-smoking men (n = 315) and women (n = 654) aged 30-79 years who resided in Toon city and participated in the Toon Health Study from July 2011 through November 2014. Tongue coating was assessed by a nationally licensed acupuncturist and classified into three categories of white (normal), light yellow, and yellow. We performed an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the presence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. The associations between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, and physical activity. RESULTS The multivariable odds ratios of diabetes mellitus were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-2.67) for light yellow tongue coating and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16-4.30) for yellow tongue coating compared with white tongue coating. The respective multivariable odds ratios of prediabetes were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.80-1.61) and 1.43 (95% CI, 0.96-2.12). CONCLUSIONS Yellow tongue coating was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and tended to be associated with that of prediabetes among Japanese non-smoking men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Tomooka
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun S, Wei H, Zhu R, Pang B, Jia S, Liu G, Hua B. Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis. Complement Med Res 2017; 25:191-197. [PMID: 28957816 DOI: 10.1159/000479024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tongue diagnosis is one of the most important diagnostic tools in traditional Chinese medicine and has been verified for thousands of years. However, its subjectivity and repeatability has been disputed continuously. The tongue coating as the primary coverage of tongue diagnosis provides more objectivity and reproducibility due to its relatively clear molecular basis; it also has a close relationship with many system diseases and may be used as a potentially valuable disease diagnostic tool. This article describes the material basis of the tongue coating, including its biology (epithelial cells, blood cells, vascular endothelial cells, and bacteria) and its metabolites; moreover, we summarize the diseases that are most correlated with the tongue coating. This will be valuable not only for fundamental research of tongue diagnosis but also for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of disease. We suppose that the tongue coating could serve as a valuable auxiliary diagnosis tool in many diseases, and more research should focus on how to colligate the various information about the tongue and provide useful information for disease diagnosis.
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Mugita N, Nambu T, Takahashi K, Wang PL, Komasa Y. Proteases, actinidin, papain and trypsin reduce oral biofilm on the tongue in elderly subjects and in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:233-240. [PMID: 28662376 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental plaque is a causative factor for oral disease and a potential reservoir for respiratory infection in the elderly. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of effective methods to remove oral biofilm. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of proteases on oral biofilm formation andremoval. DESIGN The in vivo effect of actinidin, a cysteine protease, on the removal of tongue coating was assessed after orally taking a protease tablet. Effects of the proteases trypsin, papain and actinidin on Actinomyces monospecies biofilm and multispecies biofilm that was reconstructed using a plaque sample from the tongue coating were investigated using the microtiter plate method. Antimicrobial tests and limited proteolysis of fimbrial shaft proteins were also performed to clarify underlying mechanisms of oral biofilm removal. RESULTS Tablets containing actinidin removed tongue coating in elderly subjects. Oral Actinomyces biofilm was significantly reduced by the proteases papain, actinidin and trypsin. Papain and trypsin effectively digested the major fimbrial proteins, FimP and FimA, from Actinomyces. Actinidin, papain and trypsin reduced multispecies biofilm that was reconstructed in vitro. Papain and trypsin inhibited formation of multispecies biofilm in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that proteases reduced oral biofilm in vivo in elderly subjects and in vitro, and suggests that protease digests fimbriae and inhibits biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Mugita
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nambu
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan.
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan
| | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan
| | - Yutaka Komasa
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, 573-1121 Japan
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