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He SH, Chen Y, Sun HL, Li S, Diao ST, Wang YF, He ZX, Weng L, Peng JM, Du B. Comparison of bloodstream infections due to Corynebacterium striatum, MRSA, and MRSE. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:988. [PMID: 39289626 PMCID: PMC11406801 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynebacterium striatum (C. striatum), a common skin and mucosal colonizer, is increasingly considered as an opportunistic pathogen causing bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study aims to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of C. striatum-BSI. METHODS We included hospitalized cases with C. striatum-positive blood cultures from January 2014 to June 2022 and classified them into C. striatum-BSI group and contamination group; Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were compared between the C. striatum-BSI group and contamination group, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-BSI and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE)-BSI. RESULTS Fifty-three patients with positive C. striatum blood cultures were identified. Among them, 25 patients were classified as C. striatum-BSI, with 21 as contamination cases. And 62 cases of MRSA-BSI and 44 cases of MRSE-BSI were identified. Compared to the contaminated group, the C. striatum-BSI group had a shorter time to positivity of blood cultures (27.0 h vs. 42.5 h, P = 0.011). C. striatum-BSI group had a longer time to positivity (27 h) when compared to both the MRSA (20 h) and MRSE groups (19 h) (p < 0.05). Appropriate therapy within 24 h of BSI onset was significantly lower in the C. striatum group (28%) compared to the MRSA (64.5%) and MRSE (65.9%) groups (p < 0.005). The 28-day mortality was higher in the C. striatum group (52.0%) compared to the MRSA (25.8%) and MRSE (18.2%) groups. CONCLUSIONS: Given the distinct characteristics of C. striatum-BSI, including a longer time to positivity than other Gram-positive bacteria and higher mortality rates, we suggest prescribing early appropriate antibiotics if C. striatum-BSI is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua He
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hong-Li Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shi-Tong Diao
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhuo-Xin He
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Weng
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jin-Min Peng
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Bin Du
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Chesdachai S, Baddour LM, Sohail MR, Palraj BR, Madhavan M, Tabaja H, McGinnis MT, Fida M, Challener DW, DeSimone DC. Outcome of Corynebacterial Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Brief Report and Systematic Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae441. [PMID: 39161858 PMCID: PMC11331626 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device infection in the context of corynebacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) remains poorly understood. From 2012 to 2023 at Mayo Clinic, 4 of 12 patients with corynebacterial BSI had cardiac implantable electronic device infection: 1 patient was diagnosed during a relapsing BSI episode. Undefined source, persistent BSI, and the presence of a prosthetic cardiac valve were common characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - M Rizwan Sohail
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bharath Raj Palraj
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Malini Madhavan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hussam Tabaja
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Madiha Fida
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas W Challener
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C DeSimone
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Parrish BP, Young J, Benjamin MM, Poowanawittayakom N. Corynebacterium striatum-Induced Native Valve Infective Endocarditis in an Immunocompetent Patient. Cureus 2024; 16:e67951. [PMID: 39328609 PMCID: PMC11426555 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is often considered a contaminant in blood cultures due to often being found colonizing skin and mucous membranes. This case displays C. striatum infective endocarditis (IE) identified in an immunocompetent patient on a native valve. Despite treatment with vancomycin, the case was complicated by embolic infarcts to the spleen and left cerebellum along with the development of a perivalvular abscess. This case highlights risk factors for C. striatum infection and exemplifies the importance of recognizing this bacteria species as a possible pathogen causing complicated IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P Parrish
- Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Joseph Young
- Internal Medicine, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, USA
| | - Mina M Benjamin
- Cardiology, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, USA
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Cewers A, Sunnerhagen T, Gilje P, Wannheden F, Bläckberg J, Wierup P, Larsson M, Rasmussen M. Even a single positive blood culture may matter - A case of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. IDCases 2024; 37:e02049. [PMID: 39184333 PMCID: PMC11342749 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium is a skin commensal bacterium that can contaminate blood cultures. It is however also a rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Here we report a case of Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii aortic prosthesis IE in a 76-year-old man where only a single blood culture bottle was positive initially. C. kroppenstedtii is a very rare cause of IE, only reported two times previously. The diagnosis in our case was confirmed by repeated blood culture positivity and eventually by detection of DNA from C. kroppenstedtii on heart valves after valve exchange surgery. At surgery an aortic root abscess was detected and the valve was replaced by a homograft. Recovery was complicated by antibiotic-induced nephrotoxicity and treatment was concluded with moxifloxacin in combination with rifampicin. Recovery was uneventful. This case demonstrates that growth in even a single blood culture bottle may be important in patients with prosthetic heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cewers
- Division of Infection Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Torgny Sunnerhagen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrik Gilje
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wannheden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bläckberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Wierup
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Larsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Umemoto D, Hara S, Nishioka H. Infective endocarditis and septic arthritis caused by Corynebacteriumstriatum. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:655-658. [PMID: 38141719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum occasionally causes nosocomial infections, such as catheter-related bloodstream infection and pneumonia; however, C. striatum-related infective endocarditis or septic arthritis is uncommon. We present the case of an 85-year-old woman with infective endocarditis at the native valve and septic arthritis at the native shoulder joint caused by C. striatum. The patient was admitted for a 10-day history of fever and right shoulder pain. She had no history of artificial device implantation, injury, arthrocentesis, or hospitalization. A physical examination revealed conjunctival petechiae, a systolic heart murmur, and right shoulder joint swelling. C. striatum was observed in two blood culture sets. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed vegetation in the right aortic coronary cusp. Arthrocentesis at the right shoulder aspirated pyogenic fluid and C. striatum was detected in the culture. The patient was diagnosed with infective endocarditis and septic arthritis caused by C. striatum, and ampicillin was administered based on antimicrobial susceptibility test results. The patient's condition was initially stable; however, she developed pulmonary congestion on day 56 and eventually died. An autopsy demonstrated perforation of the aortic left coronary cusp with vegetation. C. striatum may cause native valve endocarditis and native joint septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Umemoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hara
- Department of Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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Arnés-García D, Lucena-Torres L, Bustos-Merlo A, Rosales-Castillo A, Hidalgo-Tenorio C. Infective Endocarditis Due to Corynebacterium jeikeium: Four Case Reports and Narrative Review of the Literature. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1337. [PMID: 39065105 PMCID: PMC11278816 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium jeikeium, a pleomorphic Gram-positive bacillus, is a common component of the cutaneous microbiota, usually considered as a contaminant, with little pathogenic potential. However, its role in various types of infections, such as bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis (IE) and infection of prosthetic material is gradually being proven. Few cases of IE due to Corynebacterium jeikeium have been described in the literature. The aim of this article was to describe four cases of IE due to Corynebacterium jeikeium diagnosed in our hospital between May 2021 and April 2022, as well as to conduct a narrative review of the literature on this entity. After analysis, we highlight that 65.6% were men, 81.3% were valve or intravascular device carriers, and IE cases presented early, before one year after surgery. The most affected valve was the aortic valve (68.8%), followed by the mitral valve (21.1%). Valve replacement was performed in 65.6% of cases, and the most commonly used antibiotic was vancomycin (68.8%) at a dose of 15 mg/kg/12 h. With respect to prognosis, the overall mortality rate was 21.9%. The comparative results between our series and the literature review were similar except for a higher mortality rate (50%) and the use of dalbavancin in the treatment. We go on to review previously reported cases, along with four cases described in our hospital, of C. jeikeium endocarditis and will discuss various aspects of C. jeikeium infection, focusing on microbiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arnés-García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Laura Lucena-Torres
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Bustos-Merlo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
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7
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Kahrovic A, Herkner H, Angleitner P, Werner P, Kocher A, Ehrlich M, Wiedemann D, Laufer G, Simon P, Andreas M. Automated titanium fastener for surgical aortic valve replacement-preventive role for infective endocarditis? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezae236. [PMID: 38913864 PMCID: PMC11211209 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence on long-term clinical outcomes considering suture-securing techniques used for surgical aortic valve replacement is still uncertain. METHODS A total of 1405 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement between January 2016 and December 2022 were included and grouped according to the suture-securing technique used (automated titanium fastener versus hand-tied knots). The occurrence of infective endocarditis during follow-up was set as the primary study end-point. As secondary study end-points, stroke, all-cause mortality and a composite outcome of either infective endocarditis, stroke, or all-cause mortality were assessed. RESULTS The automated titanium fastener was used in 829 (59%) patients, whereas the hand-knot tying technique was used in 576 (41%) patients. The multivariable proportional competing risk regression analysis showed a significantly lower risk of infective endocarditis during follow-up in the automated titanium fastener group (adjusted sub-hazard ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.94, P = 0.035). The automated titanium fastener group was not associated with an increased risk of mortality or attaining the composite outcome, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.60-1.09, P = 0.169; adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.07, P = 0.152). This group was not associated with an increased risk of stroke (adjusted sub-hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.47-1.45, P = 0.504). Also, a significantly lower rate of early-onset infective endocarditis was observed in the automated titanium fastener group, (0.4% vs 1.4%, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Suture-securing with an automated titanium fastener device appears to be superior compared to the hand-knot tying technique in terms of lower risk of infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Kahrovic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herkner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Angleitner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Werner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Kocher
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Ehrlich
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Wiedemann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenther Laufer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Simon
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Andreas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Corich L, Losasso C, Meneghel A, Blarasin FI, Basaglia G, Corich MA. The first case of urosepsis caused by Corynebacterium aurimucosum in an immunocompetent patient. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:963-970. [PMID: 39109653 PMCID: PMC11318739 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2344953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-diphtheroid Corynebacterium sepsis is rare and has affected only immunocompromised or particularly predisposed patients so far. We present the first case of urosepsis caused by Corynebacterium aurimucosum in a 67-year-old woman, without any known immunodeficiencies and in absence of any immunosuppressive therapy, admitted to the hospital for fever and acute dyspnea. This work suggests a new approach in evaluating the isolation of Corynebacteria, especially if isolated from blood. In particular, it highlights the potential infectious role of C. aurimucosum (often considered a contaminant and only rarely identified as an etiological agent of infections) and its clinical consequences, detailing also interesting aspects about its microbiological diagnosis and relative therapy and clarifying contrasting data of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Corich
- Laboratory of Microbiology & Virology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology & Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Meneghel
- Laboratory of Microbiology & Virology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Basaglia
- Laboratory of Microbiology & Virology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Maria Ada Corich
- Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
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9
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Yilmaz U, Coşkun AG, Özel Y, Ünlü M, Vardar-Ünlü G. Synergistic interactions of essential oil components with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae090. [PMID: 38587823 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM In this study, it was aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of the essential oil components (EOCs), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN), thymol (TH), alpha pinene (α-PN), eucalyptol (EU), limonene (LIM), and the antibiotics, linezolid (LZD), vancomycin (VAN), gentamicin (GEN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLN), and penicillin (PEN) against 50 multidrug resistant Corynebacterium striatum strains, and the synergistic interactions of CAR and CIN with the antibiotics against 10 randomly selected Coryne. striatum strains to explore synergistic interactions to determine if their combined use could enhance antibiotic activity and potentially reduce resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS The activity of the EOCs and the antibiotics against Coryne. striatum strains isolated from clinical specimens, was examined by broth microdilution method. The synergistic interactions of the EOCs with the antibiotics against 10 randomly selected Coryne. striatum strains were determined by checkerboard method. EOCs, CIN, and CAR and antibiotics, LZD, VAN, GEN, CIP, and CLN were detected to have antibacterial activity against Coryne. striatum strains alone and either synergistic interactions were observed in combinations of the antibiotics with EOCs. CONCLUSIONS All Coryne. striatum strains were determined to be susceptible to VAN and LZD and resistant to GEN, PEN, CIP, and CLN. Synergistic interactions were observed in all combinations of antibiotics tested with CAR and CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Gökhan Coşkun
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Yener Özel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ünlü
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
| | - Gülhan Vardar-Ünlü
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Türkiye
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10
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Johansson G, Sunnerhagen T, Gilje P, Ragnarsson S, Rasmussen M. Risk factors for and consequences of positive valve cultures in patients who undergo cardiac surgery while receiving antimicrobial treatment for infective endocarditis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:244-254. [PMID: 38100548 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2293164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac surgery is required in up to half of the patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Positive valve cultures have been associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The aims were to identify risk factors for positive valve cultures and its relation to outcome. METHODS Patients subjected to heart valve cultures due to surgery for IE in Skåne University Hospital, Lund, between 2012 and 2021 were identified through microbiology records. Risk factors for positive valve cultures and information on mortality and relapse were retrieved through medical records. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS A total of 345 episodes with IE in 337 patients subjected to cardiac surgery were included and valve cultures were positive in 78 (23%) episodes. In multivariable logistic regression, preoperative fever (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.6, p = 0.02), prosthetic heart valve (AOR 3.3, CI 1.4-7.9, p = 0.01), a single affected valve (AOR 4.8, CI 1.2-20, p = 0.03), blood culture findings of S. aureus, enterococci, or coagulase negative staphylococci compared to viridans streptococci (AOR 20-48, p < 0.001), and a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment (p < 0.001), were associated to positive valve culture. One-year mortality was 13% and a relapse was identified in 2.5% of episodes. No association between positive valve cultures and one-year mortality or relapse was identified. CONCLUSIONS Positive valve cultures were associated to short preoperative antibiotic treatment, IE caused by staphylococci, preoperative fever and prosthetic valve but not to relapse or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Johansson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Torgny Sunnerhagen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Office for Medial Services, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrik Gilje
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sigurdur Ragnarsson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Dilmen S, Kilic S, Torun A. A Rare Case of Aggressive Infective Endocarditis Due to Corynebacterium striatum. Cureus 2023; 15:e44903. [PMID: 37814731 PMCID: PMC10560510 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is considered a rare pathogen in infective endocarditis (IE). C. striatum is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium found in the environment and human flora. It is part of the microbiota of the skin and nasal mucosa of humans and has been increasingly reported as the etiologic agent of community-acquired and nosocomial diseases. A 91-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of increased fatigue for a week. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a labile, echogenic appearance on the mitral valve that may be consistent with infective endocarditis, causing mitral regurgitation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) confirmed this finding on the same day. In three-dimensional (3D) TEE, there was an oval mass of 1.9 cm × 1.1 cm at the level of the P2 scallop of the posterior mitral leaflet, and 1.0 cm of mobile vegetation was observed on it. Three serial blood cultures from peripheral vessels identified C. striatum. Antibiotic treatment of the patient was started with daptomycin 1 × 750 mg and meropenem 3 × 1 g. The cardiology team advised the patient to undergo early surgery, but the patient declined, and the case was followed up medically. On the 10th follow-up day, the patient had a speech disorder. Cerebral computed tomographic angiography showed an appearance compatible with a septic embolism in the left main cerebral artery. The patient's condition worsened throughout follow-ups, and she died on day 12. The purpose of presenting this case is to emphasize the importance of Corynebacterium species, which is a cause of rare native valve infectious endocarditis, and to show the difficulties in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahhan Kilic
- Department of Cardiology, Sultan Abdulhamid Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Akin Torun
- Department of Cardiology, Sultan Abdulhamid Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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12
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Kalkinis A, Vassilopoulos G, Rokas S, Koutserimpas C, Samonis G. Contribution of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET/CT) to the Diagnosis of Endocarditis Due to an Infected Pacemaker Associated With Spondylodiscitis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43140. [PMID: 37692566 PMCID: PMC10484159 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiac device-related endocarditis (CDRIE) is increasing, and its diagnosis and treatment may occasionally be problematic. Echocardiography is important for its diagnosis, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) may also be useful as a diagnostic procedure. A case of CDRIE due to an infected pacemaker is presented. In this case, blood cultures were repeatedly negative, and transesophageal ultrasound examination did not reveal signs of the disease. However, PET/CT revealed the infection. The causative organism was Corynebacterium spp, and this was finally identified by polymerase chain reaction of a sample of the device material. Eight weeks before the development of CDRIE symptoms, the patient had been empirically treated for spondylodiscitis caused by a non-identified organism. CDRIE and spondylodiscitis are closely associated infections. The present case of CDRIE was treated successfully with six weeks of combination antimicrobial treatment. PET/CT may contribute to CDRIE diagnosis by locating the site(s) of the infection, especially in cases that are ultrasound and culture negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stelios Rokas
- Department of Cardiology, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - Christos Koutserimpas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | - George Samonis
- Department of Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, GRC
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13
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Wu Z, Zeng S, Wang X, Liu H, Sun H, Zhou X, Yang Q. Patterns of Circulating Microbiota during the Acute Phase Following ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Predict Long-Term Cardiovascular Events. Int Heart J 2023; 64:551-561. [PMID: 37460320 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Limited information exists regarding whether circulating microbiota could predict long-term clinical outcomes following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A total of 244 consecutive patients with STEMI were followed for 2.8 years, and 64 first major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were recorded. Both microbiota abundance [Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33) ] and microbiota clusters (Cluster 2 versus Cluster 1: HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.04-3.27) could independently predict MACE. Furthermore, a model based on established independent predictors alone was significantly improved by the addition of different microbiota patterns. In addition, CD14++CD16+ monocytes (Mon2) had a significant mediation effect on the microbiota patterns → MACE association. The present study demonstrated that the abundance and clusters of circulating microbiota are associated with future adverse cardiovascular events independent of traditional risk factors, which were partially mediated by an increase in Mon2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Shan Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital
| | - Xuezhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Hangkuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Haonan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
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14
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Odeberg G, Bläckberg A, Sunnerhagen T. Infection or Contamination with Rothia, Kocuria, Arthrobacter and Pseudoglutamicibacter-a Retrospective Observational Study of Non- Micrococcus Micrococcaceae in the Clinic. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0148422. [PMID: 36946723 PMCID: PMC10117143 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01484-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rothia, Kocuria, Arthrobacter, and Pseudoglutamicibacter are bacterial species within the family Micrococcaeae. Knowledge of human infections due to these bacteria is limited. This study aimed to examine features of infections caused by non-Micrococcus Micrococcaeae (NMM). Findings of NMM from blood cultures and other sterile cultures from 2012 to 2021 were identified from the records of the Department of Clinical Microbiology in Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. True infection was defined as having signs of infection, no other more likely pathogen, and no other focal infection, together with two positive blood cultures or one positive blood culture and an intravascular device. A total of 197 patients with findings of NMM in blood cultures were included. Among adult patients with bacteremia, 29 patients (22%) were considered to have a true infection. Adults with true infection were significantly more likely to have malignancy (69%), leukopenia (62%), and treatment with chemotherapeutics (66%) compared to patients with contaminated samples (24%, 3%, and 8%, respectively) (P < 0.001). A total of 31 patients had findings of NMM in other sterile cultures, and infections were considered true in joints (n = 4), a pacemaker (n = 1), and peritoneal dialysis fluid (n = 1). Infections due to NMM occur but are rare. Growth of NMM in blood cultures should be suspected to be a true infection mainly in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Görel Odeberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Bläckberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Torgny Sunnerhagen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology and Disease Control, Region Skåne Office for Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Jesus HNR, Ramos JN, Rocha DJPG, Alves DA, Silva CS, Cruz JVO, Vieira VV, Souza C, Santos LS, Navas J, Ramos RTJ, Azevedo V, Aguiar ERGR, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Pacheco LGC. The pan-genome of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen Corynebacterium striatum. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 36534203 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum, a common constituent of the human skin microbiome, is now considered an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen of immunocompromised and chronically ill patients. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the transition from colonization to the multidrug-resistant (MDR) invasive phenotype in clinical isolates. This study performed a comprehensive pan-genomic analysis of C. striatum, including isolates from "normal skin microbiome" and from MDR infections, to gain insights into genetic factors contributing to pathogenicity and multidrug resistance in this species. For this, three novel genome sequences were obtained from clinical isolates of C. striatum of patients from Brazil, and other 24 complete or draft C. striatum genomes were retrieved from GenBank, including the ATCC6940 isolate from the Human Microbiome Project. Analysis of C. striatum strains demonstrated the presence of an open pan-genome (α = 0.852803) containing 3816 gene families, including 15 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and 32 putative virulence factors. The core and accessory genomes included 1297 and 1307 genes, respectively. The identified AMR genes are primarily associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Of these, 66.6% are present in genomic islands, and four AMR genes, including aac(6')-ib7, are located in a class 1-integron. In conclusion, our data indicated that C. striatum possesses genomic characteristics favorable to the invasive phenotype, with high genomic plasticity, a robust genetic arsenal for iron acquisition, and important virulence determinants and AMR genes present in mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendor N R Jesus
- Multicenter Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (PMBqBM), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Ramos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danilo J P G Rocha
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniele A Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - João V O Cruz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Verônica V Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cassius Souza
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Louisy S Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jesus Navas
- Cantabria University, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Rommel T J Ramos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil.,Biological Engineering Laboratory, Science and Technology Park Guama, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eric R G R Aguiar
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corinebacteria of Clinical Relevance, School of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - LDCIC/FCM/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Multicenter Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (PMBqBM), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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16
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Presumptive complicating Clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia as a presenting manifestation in a patient with undiagnosed ulcerative colitis followed by acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. IDCases 2022; 31:e01652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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True infection or contamination in patients with positive Cutibacterium blood cultures-a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:1029-1037. [PMID: 35612767 PMCID: PMC9250478 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cutibacterium is a genus often considered a contaminant when present in blood cultures, but it can also cause severe infections, especially related to implanted foreign materials. We investigated the incidence and features of patients with true Cutibacterium infection. Patients with positive Cutibacterium blood cultures between the years 2015-2020 in southern Sweden were identified through microbiology records and medical records were studied retrospectively. Cutibacterium isolates were species determined using MALDI-TOF MS. Patients were classified as having true infection or contamination according to a definition considering both clinical and microbiological features and these groups were compared. A total of 313 episodes of positive Cutibacterium blood cultures were identified in 312 patients. Of these, 49 (16%, corresponding to an incidence of 6 cases per million inhabitants per year) were classified as true infections. The most common species was Cutibacterium acnes (87%), and the majority were elderly men with comorbidities. Patients with true Cutibacterium infection often had an unknown focus of infection (n = 21) or a focus in the respiratory tract (n = 18). We identified one episode of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infection, three episodes of aortic stent-graft infection, and one episode of infective endocarditis. Two patients, where Cutibacterium was isolated at the site of infection, had only one positive blood culture. The finding of positive Cutibacterium blood cultures should not always be considered contamination. Definitions of true Cutibacterium bacteremia with a demand that more than one blood culture must be positive may miss true infections.
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18
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Cabanilla MG, Jones E, Norville SV, Santana A. A case series of Corynebacterium striatum native valve infective endocarditis. J Cardiol Cases 2022; 26:194-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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19
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Watanabe N, Otsuka Y, Watari T, Hosokawa N, Yamagata K, Fujioka M. Time to positivity of Corynebacterium in blood culture: Characteristics and diagnostic performance. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278595. [PMID: 36512568 PMCID: PMC9747040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Corynebacterium in blood samples can indicate true bacteremia or contamination, thus complicating the diagnosis of true bacteremia. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of time to positivity (TTP) in diagnosing true bacteremia and contamination in cases where Corynebacterium was isolated from blood samples. We compared the TTP of the true-bacteremia group (n = 77) with that of the contamination group (n = 88). For the true-bacteremia cases that had only one set of positive blood cultures (n = 14), considering clinical and bacteriological data, additional cultures were performed on blood or other specimens. The same Corynebacterium spp. as in blood were isolated from these specimens. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated, and the sensitivity and specificity of TTP were calculated for diagnosing true bacteremia. The median TTP of the true-bacteremia group (26.8 h) was shorter than that of the contamination group (43.3 h) (P < 0.0001). When considering TTP ≤ 25.0 h as true bacteremia, the sensitivity and specificity were 44.2% and 95.5%, respectively. Moreover, when considering TTP ≤ 69.4 h as true bacteremia, the sensitivity and specificity were 96.1% and 20.5%, respectively. Among the true-bacteremia groups with one set of positive blood cultures (n = 14), no case exhibited a TTP > 69.4 h. Only three cases showed TTP ≤ 25.0 h in the true-bacteremia group with one set of positive blood cultures. TTP > 69.4 h is likely to indicate contamination and may be useful to exclude true bacteremia in cases with one set of positive blood cultures. Meanwhile, diagnosing true bacteremia using the threshold of TTP 25.0 h would be difficult. Therefore, the clinical and bacteriological data are important for diagnosing bacteremia, especially in cases with TTP ≤ 69.4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshihito Otsuka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Watari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Hosokawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yamagata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Miyuki Fujioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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20
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What Does 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Next Generation Sequencing Contribute to the Study of Infective Endocarditis in Heart-Valve Tissue? Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010034. [PMID: 35055982 PMCID: PMC8781873 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe and life-threatening disease. Identification of infectious etiology is essential for establishing the appropriate antimicrobial treatment and decreasing mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the potential utility of metataxonomics for improving microbiological diagnosis of IE. Here, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed in 27 heart valve tissues (18 natives, 5 intravascular devices, and 4 prosthetics) from 27 patients diagnosed with IE (4 of them with negative blood cultures). Metataxonomics matched with conventional diagnostic techniques in 24/27 cases (88.9%). The same bacterial family was assigned to 24 cases; the same genus, to 23 cases; and the same species, to 13 cases. In 22 of them, the etiological agent was represented by percentages > 99% of the reads and in two cases, by ~70%. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in a previously microbiological undiagnosed patient. Thus, microbiological diagnosis with 16S rRNA gene targeted-NGS was possible in one more sample than using traditional techniques. The remaining two patients showed no coincidence between traditional and 16S rRNA gene-targeted NGS microbiological diagnoses. In addition, 16S rRNA gene-targeted NGS allowed us to suggest coinfections that were supported by clinical data in one patient, and minority records also verified mixed infections in three cases. In our series, metataxonomics was valid for the identification of the causative agents, although more studies are needed before implementation of 16S rRNA gene-targeted NGS for the diagnosis of IE.
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21
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Yamamuro R, Hosokawa N, Otsuka Y, Osawa R. Clinical Characteristics of Corynebacterium Bacteremia Caused by Different Species, Japan, 2014-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27. [PMID: 34812137 PMCID: PMC8632174 DOI: 10.3201/eid2712.210473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium bacteremia is most commonly caused by C. striatum or C. jeikeium. To determine differences in clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by Corynebacterium striatum, C. jeikeium, and other species of Corynebacterium, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients in Japan who had Corynebacterium bacteremia during January 2014–May 2020. Of the 115 records evaluated, 60 (52%) were cases of true bacteremia and 55 (48%) were cases of contamination. Proportions of true bacteremia cases caused by C. striatum (70%) and by C. jeikeium (71%) were significantly higher than those caused by other species of Corynebacterium (9%). These 2 organisms were commonly detected in blood cultures of patients with hematologic malignancies and neutropenia. The mortality rates at 90 days were 34% (C. striatum), 30% (C. jeikeium), and 0 (other species). Given the high mortality rates, assessing true bacteremia when C. striatum or C. jeikeium is detected in blood cultures, especially in patients with hematologic malignancy, is warranted.
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22
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Grenne B, Dalen H, Nordhaug DO, Sand-Aas T, Holte E, Damås JK, Mjølstad OC. Corynebacterium freneyi as a cause of early prosthetic valve endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/11/e245152. [PMID: 34764116 PMCID: PMC8586894 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with severe complications and a high mortality rate. Identification of the causative pathogen is crucial to optimise treatment. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium freneyi, a very rare cause of human infection and not previously reported as a cause of IE. Despite proper antibiotic therapy, the patient eventually needed surgery after progression of the infection. After surgery, he quickly recovered without evidence of relapse during an 8-month follow-up period. This report highlights critical decision making in a complex and potentially life-threatening situation, where neither guidelines nor previous clinical or microbiological experience were able to give clear treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørnar Grenne
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Dag Ole Nordhaug
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torgeir Sand-Aas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - Espen Holte
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Mjølstad
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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23
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Kohli U, Hazra A, Shahab A, Beaser AD, Aziz ZA, Upadhyay GA, Ozcan C, Tung R, Nayak HM. Atypical pathogens associated with cardiac implantable electronic device infections. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2021; 44:1549-1561. [PMID: 34245025 PMCID: PMC9290787 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality making the identification of the causative organism critical. The vast majority of CIED infections are caused by Staphylococcal species. CIED infections associated with atypical pathogens are rare and have not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study is to characterize the clinical course, management and outcome in patients with CIED infection secondary to atypical pathogens. METHODS Medical records of all patients who underwent CIED system extraction at the University of Chicago Medical Center between January 2010 and November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with CIED infection. Demographic, clinical, infection-related and outcome data were collected. CIED infections were divided into typical and atypical groups based on the pathogens isolated. RESULTS Among 356 CIED extraction procedures, 130 (37%) were performed for CIED infection. Atypical pathogens were found in 5.4% (n = 7) and included Pantoea species (n = 2), Kocuria species (n = 1), Cutibacterium acnes (n = 1), Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum (n = 1), Corynebacterium striatum (n = 1), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 1), and Pseudozyma ahidis (n = 1). All patients with atypical CIED infections were successfully treated with total system removal and tailored antibiotic therapy. There were no infection-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS CIED infections with atypical pathogens were rare and associated with good outcome if diagnosed early and treated with total system removal and tailored antimicrobial therapy. Atypical pathogens cultured from blood, tissue or hardware in patients with CIED infection should be considered pathogens and not contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Kohli
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital and the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology/Electrophysiology, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Aniruddha Hazra
- Section of Infectious Diseases & Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ahmed Shahab
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew D Beaser
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zaid A Aziz
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaurav A Upadhyay
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cevher Ozcan
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roderick Tung
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hemal M Nayak
- Center for Arrhythmia Care, Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ozdemir S, Aydogan O, Koksal Cakirlar F. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Non-Diphtheria Corynebacterium Strains Isolated from Blood Cultures: First Report from Turkey. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:123-129. [PMID: 34239764 PMCID: PMC8226407 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2021.60252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains have been recognized as important pathogens after decades of confusion regarding their microbiological classification and clinical significance. The aim of this study was to identify non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains and the prevalence of biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. Method In total, 126 non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains were isolated from blood cultures of inpatients with bacteremia in our hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. Blood cultures were analyzed with the Bactec-9120 system. Strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on a Mueller-Hinton agar and evaluated according to EUCAST standards. Biofilm formation was assessed with the Congo Red Agar method. Results Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium matruchotii were the most prevalent with 29 and 26 isolates, respectively. Biofilm production was detected in 62.06% (18/29) of C. striatum, in 53.8% (14/26) of C. matruchotii, in 50% (9/18) of Corynebacterium afermentans, 50% (6/12) of Corynebacterium amycolatum, and in 46% (7/15) of Corynebacterium jeikeium strains. Among the five most prevalent strains, we found a high biofilm rate of 54%. The resistance rates to penicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and gentamicin were 91.2%, 87.3%, 79.3%, 56.3%, 45.2%, and 39.6%, respectively. All 126 strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients with bacteremia may have multidrug resistance and the ability to produce biofilm. These results emphasize the importance of identifying strains and determining their antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Ozdemir
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Okan Aydogan
- Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Koksal Cakirlar
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abe M, Kimura M, Maruyama H, Watari T, Ogura S, Takagi S, Uchida N, Otsuka Y, Taniguchi S, Araoka H. Clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility patterns of Corynebacterium species in bacteremic patients with hematological disorders. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:2095-2104. [PMID: 33895886 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Corynebacterium bacteremia in hematological patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with Corynebacterium bacteremia from April 2013 to June 2018. The causative Corynebacterium species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Drug susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In total, 147 cases of Corynebacterium bacteremia were identified during the study period. Corynebacterium striatum was the most frequent pathogen. Catheter-related bloodstream infection was diagnosed in 19.7% of all patients, and moderate/severe oral or severe gastrointestinal mucosal impairment was detected in 19.7%. Polymicrobial infection was found in about 20% of cases, with Enterococcus faecium being the most frequent isolate. The overall 30-day mortality was 34.7% (51/147). Multivariate analysis showed that E. faecium co-infection (odds ratio (OR) 9.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-40), systemic corticosteroids (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4-8.9), other immunosuppressive drugs (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.13-0.76), and a Pitt bacteremia score ≥4 (OR 12; 95% CI 3.9-40) were significant risk factors for overall 30-day mortality. The drug susceptibility rates for beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were quite low. All isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides and linezolid. However, some C. striatum isolates were resistant to daptomycin. Corynebacterium bacteremia can occur in the presence of several types of mucosal impairment. Our drug susceptibility data indicate that Corynebacterium bacteremia in hematological patients could be treated by glycopeptides or linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.
| | - Muneyoshi Kimura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maruyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Watari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Ogura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Otsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Araoka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan.,Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Evaluating the Rapid Emergence of Daptomycin Resistance in Corynebacterium: a Multicenter Study. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02052-20. [PMID: 33472898 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02052-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Corynebacterium are increasingly recognized as pathobionts and can be very resistant to antimicrobial agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that Corynebacterium striatum can rapidly develop high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) (MIC, ≥256 μg/ml). Here, we conducted a multicenter study to assay for this in vitro phenotype in diverse Corynebacterium species. Corynebacterium clinical isolates (n = 157) from four medical centers were evaluated. MIC values to daptomycin, vancomycin, and telavancin were determined before and after overnight exposure to daptomycin to identify isolates able to rapidly develop daptomycin nonsusceptibility. To investigate assay reproducibility, 18 isolates were evaluated at three study sites. In addition, the stability of daptomycin nonsusceptibility was tested using repeated subculture without selective pressure. The impact of different medium brands was also investigated. Daptomycin nonsusceptibility emerged in 12 of 23 species evaluated in this study (C. afermentans, C. amycolatum, C. aurimucosum, C. bovis, C. jeikeium, C. macginleyi, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. resistens, C. simulans, C. striatum, C. tuberculostearicum, and C. ulcerans) and was detected in 50 of 157 (31.8%) isolates tested. All isolates displayed low (susceptible) MIC values to vancomycin and telavancin before and after daptomycin exposure. Repeated subculture demonstrated that 2 of 9 isolates (22.2%) exhibiting HLDR reverted to a susceptible phenotype. Of 30 isolates tested on three medium brands, 13 (43.3%) had differences in daptomycin MIC values between brands. Multiple Corynebacterium species can rapidly develop daptomycin nonsusceptibility, including HLDR, after a short daptomycin exposure period.
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Khan D, Shadi M, Mustafa A, Karam B, Munir AB, Lafferty J, Glaser A, Mobarakai N. A Wolf in Sheep's clothing; Case reports and literature review of Corynebacterium striatum endocarditis. IDCases 2021; 24:e01070. [PMID: 33786323 PMCID: PMC7988320 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
| | - Mahmoud Shadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
| | - Ahmad Mustafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
| | - Boutros Karam
- Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
| | - Abdullah B Munir
- Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
| | - James Lafferty
- Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
| | - Allison Glaser
- Department of Infectious Disease, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
| | - Neville Mobarakai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, 10305, NY, USA
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Bläckberg A, Falk L, Oldberg K, Olaison L, Rasmussen M. Infective Endocarditis Due to Corynebacterium Species: Clinical Features and Antibiotic Resistance. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab055. [PMID: 33738317 PMCID: PMC7953647 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium species are often dismissed as contaminants in blood cultures, but they can also cause infective endocarditis (IE), which is a severe condition. Antibiotic resistance of corynebacteria is increasing making treatment challenging. Reports on IE caused by Corynebacterium species are scarce and more knowledge is needed. Methods Cases of IE caused by Corynebacterium species were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis. Isolates were collected for species redetermination by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight and for antibiotic susceptibility testing using Etests. Results Thirty episodes of IE due to Corynebacterium species were identified between 2008 and 2017. The median age of patients was 71 years (interquartile range, 60–76) and 77% were male. Corynebacterium striatum (n = 11) was the most common IE causing pathogen followed by Corynebacterium jeikeium (n = 5). Surgery was performed in 50% and in-hospital mortality rate was 13%. Patients with IE caused by Corynebacterium species were significantly more likely to have prosthetic valve endocarditis (70%), compared with patients with IE due to Staphylococcus aureus or non-beta-hemolytic streptococci (14% and 26%, respectively) (P < .0001). Vancomycin was active towards all Corynebacterium isolates, whereas resistance towards penicillin G was common. Conclusions Corynebacterium species cause IE, where prosthetic valves are mainly affected and surgery is often performed. Corynebacterium striatum is an important causative agent of IE within the genus. Antibiotic resistance of corynebacteria is relatively common but resistance towards vancomycin could not be detected in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bläckberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linn Falk
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karl Oldberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Olaison
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Head of Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis, Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Imoto W, Takahashi Y, Yamada K, Hojo K, Kawase T, Sakon Y, Kuwabara G, Yamairi K, Shibata W, Oshima K, Ogawa M, Niki M, Nakaie K, Watanabe T, Asai K, Kaneko Y, Kawaguchi T, Shibata T, Kakeya H. Corynebacterium jeikeium-induced infective endocarditis and perivalvular abscess diagnosed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:906-910. [PMID: 33549416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corynebacterium jeikeium normally presents on human skin, and it is often judged as contamination when it is cultured from blood. C. jeikeium can cause infective endocarditis, especially, that associated with cardiac surgery and prosthetic valvular endocarditis. CASE REPORT A 66-year-old Japanese male patient was diagnosed with C. jeikeium-induced infective endocarditis (IE) and perivalvular abscess after a coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement with bioprosthesis; pyogenic spondylodiscitis was also observed. Patch repair for aortic valve annulus and re-Bentall procedure with bioprosthesis was performed for IE and perivalvular abscess. The causative bacterium was confirmed as C. jeikeium on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of surgical sample and positive blood culture. The patient underwent six weeks of intravenous antibacterial treatment with vancomycin and an additional two weeks of oral treatment with linezolid, following which, his condition improved. Corynebacterium jeikeium can cause infective endocarditis and perivalvular abscess, which is a more severe condition than IE. CONCLUSION 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing is useful in diagnosing bacterial species that can cause contamination, such as Corynebacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waki Imoto
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kana Hojo
- Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kawase
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Sakon
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Gaku Kuwabara
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Yamairi
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Wataru Shibata
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Oshima
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Masashi Ogawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Makoto Niki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nakaie
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Kaneko
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
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Dowling WB, Koen J. Corynebacterium jeikeium native valve infective endocarditis case report: a confirmed microbiological and pathological diagnosis from heart valvular tissue. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2020; 4:1-4. [PMID: 33447720 PMCID: PMC7793231 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The Modified Duke criteria is an important structured schematic for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE). Corynebacterium jeikeium is a rare cause of IE that is often resistant to standard IE anti-microbials. We present a case of C. jeikeium IE, fulfilling the Modified Duke pathological criteria. Case summary A 50-year-old male presented with left leg peripheral vascular disease with septic changes requiring amputation. Routine echocardiography post-amputation demonstrated severe aortic valve regurgitation with vegetations that required valve replacement. Two initial blood cultures from a single venepuncture showed Streptococcus mitis which was treated with penicillin G prior to surgery. Subsequent aortic valve tissue cultured C. jeikeium with suggestive IE histological valvular changes and was successfully treated on a prolonged course of vancomycin. Discussion This is the first C. jeikeium IE case diagnosed on heart valvular tissue culture and highlights the importance for the fulfilment of the Modified Duke criteria in diagnosing left-sided IE. Mixed infection IE is rare, and this case possibly represents an unmasking of resistant C. jeikeium IE following initial treatment of penicillin G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentzel Bruce Dowling
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, 1 Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
| | - Johan Koen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, 1 Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
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31
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Corynebacterium striatum prosthetic valve endocarditis. A case report and literature review. CLINICAL INFECTION IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2020.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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32
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Chang WT, Chen ZC. Pulsatile Strangulation of the Aorta - A Rare Presentation and Etiology of Infective Endocarditis. Circ J 2020; 84:1607. [PMID: 32713887 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center
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