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Al Omari T, El-Farraj H, Alzenate H, Al Charabi N, Al Khatib R, Ateş A. The usage of lasers in cleaning, shaping, and disinfection of root canal system. SAUDI ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sej.sej_179_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abdel Hafiz Abdel Rahim AS, Abdelgawad F, Abd Alsamed AM, Moheb DM, Wahab El-Dokky NA. Case Report: Single visit photo-activated disinfection in regenerative endodontics. F1000Res 2020; 8:1519. [PMID: 32934793 PMCID: PMC7475962 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20118.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Root canal disinfection is considered critical for achieving successful regenerative endodontic procedures. Photo-activated disinfection is a novel disinfection method that can help to achieve the goal of regenerative endodontics. This article reports the clinical and radiographic results after single visit regenerative endodontics using photo-activated disinfection. Methods: An 8.5-year-old girl complained of fractured upper right central incisor. Pulp necrosis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings. The root canal was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite solution (1.5%) followed by saline. Then, the canal was dried with paper points. A combination of a photosensitizer solution and low power laser light were applied. EDTA solution was used as a final irrigant. Bleeding was induced, followed by placement of collagen resorbable matrix and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Two days later, the tooth was sealed and restored with permanent filling. Results: Clinical findings revealed no pain on percussion or palpation tests. Radiographic examination revealed an increase in root length, an increase of apical root thickness and apical closure at the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Regenerative endodontics using photo-activated disinfection achieved successful outcomes in the necrotic immature permanent tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Abdelgawad
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd Alsamed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed Moheb
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Norhan Abdel Wahab El-Dokky
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
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Abdel Hafiz Abdel Rahim AS, Abdelgawad F, Abd Alsamed AM, Moheb DM, Wahab El-Dokky NA. Case Report: Single visit photo-activated disinfection in regenerative endodontics. F1000Res 2019; 8:1519. [PMID: 32934793 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Root canal disinfection is considered critical for achieving successful regenerative endodontic procedures. Photo-activated disinfection is a novel disinfection method that can help to achieve the goal of regenerative endodontics. This article reports the clinical and radiographic results after single visit regenerative endodontics using photo-activated disinfection. Methods: An 8.5-year-old girl complained of fractured upper right central incisor. Pulp necrosis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings. The root canal was irrigated with sodium hypochlorite solution (1.5%) followed by saline. Then, the canal was dried with paper points. A combination of a photosensitizer solution and low power laser light were applied. EDTA solution was used as a final irrigant. Bleeding was induced, followed by placement of collagen resorbable matrix and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Two days later, the tooth was sealed and restored with permanent filling. Results: Clinical findings revealed no pain on percussion or palpation tests. Radiographic examination revealed an increase in root length, an increase of apical root thickness and apical closure at the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Regenerative endodontics using photo-activated disinfection achieved successful outcomes in the necrotic immature permanent tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Abdelgawad
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd Alsamed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed Moheb
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Norhan Abdel Wahab El-Dokky
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
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Seraj B, Moosavi Garmaroodi Z, Chiniforush N, Ghadimi S. Thermal Changes in Root Surface of Primary Teeth During Root Canal Treatment With Diode Lasers: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 9:237-242. [PMID: 31119017 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Increased temperature due to the application of laser during root canal disinfection may damage periodontium, alveolar bone, and permanent dental germ. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature increase of the external surface of primary roots due to the application of 810 nm and 980 nm diode lasers. Methods: A total of 58 extracted human primary teeth were prepared and randomly divided into two groups: (a) 810 nm diode laser and (b) 980 nm diode laser. Then, each group was divided into 4 subgroups based on the location of the temperature measurement, including subgroup 1: external root surface of primary anterior roots (A); subgroup 2: external root surface of posterior teeth at inter-root space (IS); subgroup 3: external root surface of posterior teeth at outer-root space (OS) and subgroup 4: external surface of furcation area of posterior teeth (F). Results: The mean temperature rise in group a (7.02±2.95ºC) was less than that of group b (10.62±4.59ºC) (P<0.001). Also, a significant difference was found between the laser groups in terms of the mean temperature rise of the external root surface at IS, OS and F, with higher temperature increase occurring in all points in laser b. The comparison of irradiation points in each laser showed a higher mean temperature rise for IS than OS, but this difference was only significant in group b (P<0.001). Conclusion: Within the studied parameters, 810 nm and 980 nm diode lasers should be used cautiously in primary root canals because of their temperature rise during their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Seraj
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Reseach Institute, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi Garmaroodi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghadimi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alinca SB, Saglam E, Kandas NO, Okcu O, Yilmaz N, Goncu B, Dogan MA. Comparison of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy and photodynamic therapy on oral mucositis in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1483-1491. [PMID: 30826950 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy is associated with some side effects including in the oral cavity. One of the more significant oral complications is oral mucositis (OM) which induces severe pain and limits fundamental life behaviors such as eating, drinking, and talking. Although advancements in cancer treatment improved the survival rate, severe OM and opportunistic infection affect treatment adversely. Therefore, the control of OM is important for oral health quality of life and prognosis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photodynamic therapy (PT) are noninvasive methods that reduce inflammation and pain during wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate immunohistochemical and histological examination of the OM region of the PT comparing LLLT. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, LLLT, and PT groups. All groups received 5-fluorouracil intraperitoneally and a linear trauma to the mouth pouch with a needle. After the formation of OM in the mouth, the control group had no treatment; the LLLT group was administered LLLT, and the PT group had LLLT after indocyanine green application. Then all groups were sacrificed, and histological analyses and protein level detection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) were evaluated in all groups. PT was determined to be more statistically significantly than LLLT with bFGF and PDGF-BB. However, regarding TGF-β, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. Within the limitations of this study, indocyanine green may accelerate the LLLT effect. However, further studies on this subject are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Bayer Alinca
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Saglam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Ozten Kandas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Okcu
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Education and Research Hospital, Rize, Turkey
| | - Nergiz Yilmaz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Beyza Goncu
- Experimental Research Center, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dentinal Hypersensitivity Treatment Using Diode Laser 980 nm: In Vivo Study. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010005. [PMID: 30634421 PMCID: PMC6473910 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discomfort of patients due to dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is one of the main challenges that dentists face in daily practice. Difficulties in DH treatment gave rise to many protocols which are currently used. The aim of this clinical study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a new protocol on the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity with diode laser 980 nm and the application of a graphite paste. 184 patients enrolled in the study, the degree of pain was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS), graphite paste was applied on the exposed dentine before irradiation, the application of diode laser 980 nm with continuous mode, backward motion, tangential incidence of the beam in non-contact mode and a delivery output of 1 W. Fiber’s diameter was 320 μm and total exposure time depended on the time necessary to remove the graphite paste from the teeth. Statistical analyses were performed with Prism 5® software. Pain in post-operative significantly decreased immediately after the treatment. Mean values stayed stable until a 6-month follow-up. The application is considered to be safe with long-term effectiveness.
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Öter B, Topçuog Lu N, Tank MK, Çehreli SB. Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficiency of Different Root Canal Disinfection Techniques in Primary Teeth. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:179-184. [PMID: 29480759 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A successful primary root canal treatment depends on effective shaping and cleaning the root canal system and finally filling it with a hermetic sealer. Clinically, roots of primary teeth are difficult to shape and the irrigation/disinfection protocol has great importance on prognosis. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the antibacterial efficiency of Endosafe (Orangedental GmbH & Co. KG), photo-activated disinfection (PAD; Orangedental GmbH & Co. KG), diode laser (Epic 10; Biolase, Inc.), ozone (O3, Ozonytron; Biozonix, München, Germany), and sodium hypochloride applications in primary root canals that were infected with Enterococcus faecalis after standard mechanical instrumentation. METHODS The study was conducted on roots of 100 human primary molar teeth, which were extracted due to excessive caries. The roots were divided in 5 groups with 15 roots in each root disinfection protocol. In addition, 15 samples and 10 samples served as positive and negative controls, respectively. The Shapiro-Wilk test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and then by post hoc group comparisons with the Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney U test (unpaired observations) was used. RESULTS Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) exhibited the highest antibacterial effect (0 colony-forming units per mL). Diode laser irradiation was statistically more effective than the ozone, PAD, and Endosafe groups (p < 0.001). Endosafe, PAD, and ozone groups showed similar antibacterial effect (p > 0.05). Although not statistically significant, the Endosafe was more effective in reducing the bacterial count when compared with ozone and PAD. CONCLUSIONS The five tested irrigation systems were shown to be effective in disinfection of the E. faecalis-contaminated primary root canals and best results were obtained with 2.5% NaOCl and diode laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Öter
- 1 Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Baskent University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nursen Topçuog Lu
- 2 Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet K Tank
- 1 Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Baskent University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevi Burçak Çehreli
- 3 Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University , Ankara, Turkey
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Bahrololoomi Z, Fekrazad R, Zamaninejad S. Antibacterial Effect of Diode Laser in Pulpectomy of Primary Teeth. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:197-200. [PMID: 29071027 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Laser irradiation has been suggested as an adjunct to traditional methods of canal preparation but few studies are available on the antibacterial effect of diode laser in pulpectomy of primary teeth. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of diode laser in pulpectomy of primary teeth, in addition to define the optimal and harmless diode lasing conditions in the root canal. Methods: A total of 125 single rooted primary teeth were selected. After traditional canal cleaning, they were divided in 2 groups. Sixty-five specimens after culturing of Enterococcus faecalis into the canals, were divided in 3 groups: (1) traditional canal cleaning with 0.5% NaOCl irrigation, (2) method of group 1+ 1.5 W diode laser (980 nm, pulse), (3) without treatment (5 specimens). Then the specimens were cultured and after colony counting under light microscope, were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. For 60 specimens, temperature rise of apical and cervical parts of the external root surface were measured using 2 thermocouple type K, when radiating a 1.5 W diode laser into the canal. Results: In the first experiment, the diode laser group showed tmost reduction in bacterial count. And in the second experiment, the mean temperature rise of external root surface was less than the threshold of periodontal ligament (PDL) damage. Conclusion: Diode laser with a power output of 1.5 W, is effective in reduction of E. faecalis bacterial count without damaging periodontal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Zamaninejad
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Samiei M, Shahi S, Abdollahi AA, Eskandarinezhad M, Negahdari R, Pakseresht Z. The Antibacterial Efficacy of Photo-Activated Disinfection, Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite in Infected Root Canals: An in Vitro Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2016; 11:179-83. [PMID: 27471527 PMCID: PMC4947840 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the efficacy of light-activated low-power laser, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2.5% NaOCl in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canal system. METHODS AND MATERIALS The root canals of 60 maxillary central incisors were contaminated with E. faecalis and then the bacteria were incubated for 24 h. All the root canals were instrumented in a crown-down manner with #4 and 3 Gates-Glidden drills, followed by RaCe rotary files (40/0.10, 35/0.08, and 30/0.06). The samples were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (n=15). In the control group no intervention was made. In the photo-activated disinfection (PAD) group, laser therapy was undertaken with diode laser beams (with an output power of 100 mW/cm(2)) for 120 sec. For the other two experimental groups, root canals were irrigated either with 5 mL of 2% CHX or 2.5% NaOCl solutions, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the CFU values of the bacteria and post-hoc Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparisons. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS The inhibition of bacterial growth in all the experimental groups was significantly superior to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effect of PAD and 2% CHX (P=0.05). The effect of 2.5% NaOCl was significantly better than that of the PAD technique (P<0.001). In addition, 2.5% NaOCl was significantly better than 2% CHX (P=0.007). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy was effective in reducing the E. faecalis counts in comparison with the control group, but 2.5% NaOCl solution was the most effective protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ardalan Abdollahi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eskandarinezhad
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Negahdari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mohan D, Maruthingal S, Indira R, Divakar DD, Al Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, Durgesh B, Basavarajappa S, John J. Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) of dental root canal system - An ex-vivo study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:122-7. [PMID: 26858548 PMCID: PMC4705244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy of photo activated disinfection (PAD) in reducing colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in infected dental root canals. The study compared the efficacy of PAD with conventional endodontic treatment (CET) and also a combination of CET along with PAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS 53 maxillary incisors were taken for the study. Teeth were divided into 3 groups, CET (Group I) (n = 11), PAD (Group II) (n = 21), and a combination of CET and PAD (Group III) which consisted of (n = 21) samples, Group II and Group III were further divided into 2 subgroups, Group IIa, IIb and Group IIIa, IIIb. Strains of E. faecalis were inoculated in all the root canals. CET group samples were treated by chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) alone, PAD samples were treated with laser alone at 2 different exposure time (4 min and 2 min). In the combination treatment, samples were treated initially by CET and then by PAD for a time period of 4 min and 2 min. Contents of the root canal were aspirated, diluted and plated in Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) and plates were incubated for 24 h to observe the bacterial regrowth. RESULTS Showed PAD used along with CMP reduced the bacterial load of E. faecalis by 99.5% at 4 min and 98.89% at 2 min. CONCLUSION PAD may be an adjunctive procedure to kill residual bacteria in the dental root canal systems after standard endodontic root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Mohan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pariyaram Dental College, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kerala 670503, India
| | - Sunith Maruthingal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pariyaram Dental College, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kerala 670503, India
| | - Rajamani Indira
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - B.H. Durgesh
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhosh Basavarajappa
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob John
- Department of Orthodontics, K.V.G. Dental College and Hospital Sullia, Karnataka, India
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Gojkov-Vukelic M, Hadzic S, Dedic A, Konjhodzic R, Beslagic E. Application of a diode laser in the reduction of targeted periodontal pathogens. Acta Inform Med 2013; 21:237-40. [PMID: 24554796 PMCID: PMC3916176 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2013.21.237-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease belongs to a group of diseases with more than one cause, it is a disease of a multifactorial etiology. Although bacteria are the main cause of the disease, immunoinflammatory reaction of the host is responsible for the majority of destructive changes in periodontal tissue. The main issue in the evaluation of the success of periodontal therapy is the pluralism of the bacteria and their dynamic changes during the duration, on the one hand, and the possible inaccuracy of classical microbiological analysis in determination of the dominant role of a microorganism, or the success of its reduction or elimination, on the other. Thanks to advances of microbiology and technological development, it is possible to make an assessment of specific microorganisms in a large number of samples of sub-gingival plaque with extreme precision, using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The development of laser technology and the discovery of its significant antimicrobial effects have introduced and presented this treatment modality as a possible auxiliary method of periodontitis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample for the study estimating the efficiency of application of diode lasers in the reduction of periodontal pockets consisted of 1164 periodontal pockets in 24 subjects of both sexes. For laser irradiation of periodontal pockets a diode laser was used, a low-power laser (SmilePro 980, Biolitec, Germany), working in a mode precisely tuned for treatment of periodontal pockets. All subjects underwent: general anamnesis, periodontal status, and orthopantogram radiograph analysis. Following a standard periodontal preparation, a sample of subgingival plaque was collected for molecular-biological analysis (real-time PCR method) prior to laser irradiation of periodontal pockets, immediately following the irradiation, and during the control examination 3 months after irradiation. RESULTS The results of the molecular-biological analysis of target periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus (Aggregatibacter) actinomycetemcomitans (AA) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) isolated from periodontal pockets prior to laser irradiation, immediately after laser irradiation, and at the control examination after 3 months were processed statistically (using real-time PCR method). The results showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in CT values for the tested bacteria immediately after treatment and the control examination, compared with the level of CT values for the same bacteria before treatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on the obtained results, we concluded that diode laser irradiation reduces the number of active periodontal pathogens. We believe that the use of diode lasers, as a supplementary method in the treatment of periodontal disease, is extremely useful and efficient, and can be recommended as part of standard clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Gojkov-Vukelic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanja Hadzic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amira Dedic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rijad Konjhodzic
- Institute of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Clinical center of Sarajevo University, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edina Beslagic
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Umana M, Heysselaer D, Tielemans M, Compere P, Zeinoun T, Nammour S. Dentinal tubules sealing by means of diode lasers (810 and 980 nm): a preliminary in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:307-14. [PMID: 23756100 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on dentinal surfaces of diode lasers (810 and 980 nm) at different parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four caries-free human impacted wisdom teeth were used. The crowns were sectioned transversely in order to expose the dentin. The smear layer was removed by a 1 min application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each surface was divided into four quadrants irradiated at a different output power setting for each kind of laser: 0.8, 1, 1.6, and 2 W (energy densities: 2547, 3184, 5092, and 6366 J/cm(2), irradiation speed 1 mm/sec; optical fiber diameter: 200 μm; continuous and noncontact mode). Half of the samples were stained with a graphite paste. All specimens were sent for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Pulp temperature increases in additional 20 teeth were measured by a thermocouple. RESULTS Diode laser irradiations at 0.8 and 1 W led to occlusion or narrowing of dentin tubules without provoking fissures or cracks. The application of graphite paste increased the thermal effects in dentin. Measurements of pulp temperature showed that irradiations at 0.8 and 1 W for a period of 10 sec in continuous mode increased pulp temperature (T ≤2°C). CONCLUSIONS Diode lasers (810 and 980 nm) used at 0.8 and 1 W for 10 sec in continuous mode were able to seal the dentin tubules. These parameters can be considered harmless for pulp vitality, and may be effective in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Umana
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Quai Godfroid Kurth, Liège, Belgium.
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Yao N, Zhang C, Chu C. Effectiveness of Photoactivated Disinfection (PAD) to Kill Enterococcus faecalis in Planktonic Solution and in an Infected Tooth Model. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:699-704. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yao
- The Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunhung Chu
- Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Meire MA, Coenye T, Nelis HJ, De Moor RJG. Evaluation of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG irradiation, antibacterial photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite treatment on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Int Endod J 2012; 45:482-91. [PMID: 22243483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.02000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two-high power lasers (Nd:YAG and Er:YAG) and two commercial antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) systems with that of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) action on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms grown on dentine discs. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown on dentine discs in a microtiter plate, incubated for 24 h and subjected to the following treatments: aPDT (Denfotex and Helbo system), Er:YAG laser irradiation (2940 nm, 50 mJ or 100 mJ, 15 Hz, 40 s), Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1064 nm, 2 W, 15 Hz, 40 s) and immersion in 2.5% (w/v) NaOCl for 1, 5, 10 and 30 min. Surviving bacteria were harvested, and the number of CFU per disc was determined by plate counting. RESULTS Significant reductions (anova, P ≤ 0.05) in viable counts were observed for aPDT (Helbo) (2 log(10) reduction), Er:YAG irradiation using 100 mJ pulses (4.3 log(10) reduction) and all NaOCl treatments (>6 log(10) reduction). NaOCl (2.5%) for 5 min effectively eliminated all bacteria. aPDT (Denfotex), Er:YAG irradiation using 50 mJ pulses and Nd:YAG treatment caused a reduction in the viable counts of <1 log(10) unit; these results were not significantly different from the untreated controls. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this particular laboratory set-up, NaOCl was the most effective in E. faecalis biofilm elimination, while Er:YAG laser treatment (100 mJ pulses) also resulted in high reductions in viable counts. The use of both commercial aPDT systems resulted in a weak reduction in the number of E. faecalis cells. Nd:YAG irradiation was the least effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Meire
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Dental School, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Kranz S, Guellmar A, Völpel A, Gitter B, Albrecht V, Sigusch BW. Photodynamic suppression of Enterococcus faecalis
using the photosensitizer mTHPC. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:241-8. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Onay EO, Alikaya C, Seker E. Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser against Candida albicans. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S73-8. [PMID: 20666577 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the ability of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at different energy settings to eliminate Candida albicans, either with or without 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment. METHODS In total, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were shaped by using a crown-down technique with HERO Shaper rotary instruments and irrigated with 1 mL of 2.5% NaOCl between each instrument. The specimens were autoclaved and incubated with a suspension of C. albicans (ATCC 90028). Then the specimens were divided into six treatment groups (n = 15 per group): group 1, NaOCl + 1-W laser; group 2, 1-W laser; group 3, NaOCl + 0.75-W laser; group 4, 0.75-W laser, group 5, NaOCl; and group 6, no treatment. Aliquots of the experimental teeth were transferred onto Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates with paper points, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted as a measure of antifungal activity. One root from each group, which was not submitted to the sampling procedure, was fixed in glutaraldehyde, split into two halves, and evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Dunnett t test. Significance was set at alpha = 0.05. RESULTS All the treatment groups resulted in a significant reduction of C. albicans, but no sterilization, and all the groups were significantly different from each other (p < 0.0001). Group 1 (NaOCl and 1-W laser combination) exhibited the greatest reduction, whereas group 5 (NaOCl) resulted in a minimal reduction in CFUs of C. albicans. The SEM observations were in accordance with the microbiologic analysis. CONCLUSIONS The 5.25% NaOCl and 1-W laser treatment combination may be a valuable cleaning tool for root canals infected with C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Olga Onay
- Department of Endodontics, Baskent University, School of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey.
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de Paula Eduardo C, de Freitas PM, Esteves-Oliveira M, Aranha ACC, Ramalho KM, Simões A, Bello-Silva MS, Tunér J. Laser phototherapy in the treatment of periodontal disease. A review. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 25:781-92. [PMID: 20640471 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many studies in the literature address the effect of low-power lasers in the management of pathologies related to periodontal tissues. Due to the lack of standardized information and the absence of a consensus, this review presents the current status of laser phototherapy (LPT) in periodontics and discusses its benefits and limits in the treatment of periodontal disease. The literature was searched for reviews and original research articles relating to LPT and periodontal disease. The articles were selected using either electronic search engines or manual tracing of the references cited in key papers. The literature search retrieved references on wound and bone healing, analgesia, hypersensitivity, inflammatory process and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Each topic is individually addressed in this review. The current literature suggests that LPT is effective in modulating different periodontal disease aspects in vitro, in animals, and in simple clinical models. Further development of this therapy is now dependent on new clinical trials with more complex study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Paula Eduardo
- Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 227 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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