1
|
Dumbryte I, Narbutis D, Androulidaki M, Vailionis A, Juodkazis S, Malinauskas M. Teeth Microcracks Research: Towards Multi-Modal Imaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1354. [PMID: 38135945 PMCID: PMC10740647 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective is an overview of the recent advances in teeth microcrack (MC) research, where there is a clear tendency towards a shift from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) examination techniques, enhanced with artificial intelligence models for data processing and image acquisition. X-ray micro-computed tomography combined with machine learning allows 3D characterization of all spatially resolved cracks, despite the locations within the tooth in which they begin and extend, and the arrangement of MCs and their structural properties. With photoluminescence and micro-/nano-Raman spectroscopy, optical properties and chemical and elemental composition of the material can be evaluated, thus helping to assess the structural integrity of the tooth at the MC site. Approaching tooth samples having cracks from different perspectives and using complementary laboratory techniques, there is a natural progression from 3D to multi-modal imaging, where the volumetric (passive: dimensions) information of the tooth sample can be supplemented by dynamic (active: composition, interaction) image data. Revelation of tooth cracks clearly shows the need to re-assess the role of these MCs and their effect on the structural integrity and longevity of the tooth. This provides insight into the nature of cracks in natural hard materials and contributes to a better understanding of how bio-inspired structures could be designed to foresee crack propagation in biosolids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Dumbryte
- Institute of Odontology, Vilnius University, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Narbutis
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maria Androulidaki
- Microelectronics Research Group, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology FORTH-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- WRH Program International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mousa MM, Al-Jannan HMG, Sultan K, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY, Al-Manadili A, Ammar AM, Awawdeh M. Effectiveness of Two Intensity Levels of Diode Laser in Debonding Metallic Brackets Regarding Enamel Surface Integrity and Pulpal Temperature: An Ex-Vivo Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41372. [PMID: 37408936 PMCID: PMC10319451 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The traditional methods of deboning metal brackets exert excessive force, resulting in enamel scratches, fractures, and patient discomfort. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using two intensity levels of a diode laser for debonding metallic orthodontic brackets as an alternative to the conventional debonding method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty intact, extracted human premolar teeth were used in this study, and metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of these teeth. The teeth were divided into three groups for the experiment: (1) the control group, where conventional bracket debonding was performed using a debonding plier, (2) the first experimental group, where a diode laser (2.5W, 980nm) was utilized for laser debonding, and (3) the second experimental group, where a diode laser (5W, 980nm) was used for laser debonding. The laser was applied using a sweeping movement for 5 seconds. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI), the lengths, and the frequency of enamel cracks were compared among the groups. Additionally, an increase in intra-pulpal temperature was measured. RESULTS In all groups, there were no instances of enamel fractures. Laser debonding resulted in a significant reduction in both the frequency and length of newly formed enamel cracks compared to the conventional debonding method. The laser debonding group exhibited increases in intra-pulpal temperature of 2.37°C and 3.60°C in the second and third groups, respectively. These temperature increases were significantly lower than the threshold of 5.5°C. There were no significant differences observed in the ARI scores among the groups. CONCLUSION With all debonding methods, an increase in the length and frequency of enamel cracks should be anticipated. However, laser-assisted debonding of metal brackets offers the advantage of reducing the risk of enamel damage while avoiding thermal damage to the pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudar Mohammad Mousa
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Hiba M G Al-Jannan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Kinda Sultan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Mowaffak A Ajaj
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Mohammad Y Hajeer
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Ahmad Al-Manadili
- Department of Oral Histopathology, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | - Ali Mohsen Ammar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab Private University for Science and Technology, Hama, SYR
| | - Mohammed Awawdeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Karadaghi SS, Jawad H, Al-Karadaghi T. The influence of pulse duration and exposure time of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on lithium disilicate laminate debonding, an in vitro study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14600. [PMID: 36967942 PMCID: PMC10031454 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem statement Grinding restorations, such as veneers, with rotary instruments, is the conventional removal approach. It may be accompanied by micro-fractures that affect the adjacent healthy dental structures. Differentiation of the veneer from the dental structure, as well as the resin cement, is not a highly selective procedure when rotary instruments are used. Moreover, the rotary instruments may lead to scratches and overheating of the enamel. Patient discomfort is another disadvantage, due to the noise of the drill. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the effectiveness of a 2790 nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser to debond lithium disilicate laminate, utilizing two distinct pulse durations and various exposure times. The shear bond strength, intrapulpal temperature, and adhesive remaining index were evaluated. Methods and materials This study included three groups of 75 extracted permanent mandibular incisors: G1, G2 (laser-treated groups were classified according to the pulse duration) and C (control group). Twenty five samples were regarded for each group. Both test groups were irradiated with a 3 W output power of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, for a variety of time intervals (20 s, 30 s, 40 s, 50 s, and 60 s). Five samples were tested for each time interval. During irradiation, the temperature in the pulp chamber was monitored using a K-type thermocouple connected to a digital multilogger thermometer that was introduced into the prepared sample pulp chamber. Subsequently, the shear bond strength was measured for G1 and G2, in addition to the control group (no irradiation). The adhesive remaining index was examined microscopically. The area was measured and analysed, and then, transformed into scores for comparisons. Finally, One untreated sample and two other samples of the highest power value from laser-treated groups were examined for their surface morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results The debonding protocols were safe relative to the intrapulpal protocol. The temperature rise after an exposure time of 50 s and 60 s was significantly different from an exposure time of 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s, in both groups (p < 0.05). Both G1 and G2 significantly outperformed the control group in shear bond strength. There was no significant difference between G1 and G2 at any of the tested exposure times (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the 60 s exposure time showed the lowest shear bond strength. Conclusion Regarding intralpulpal temperature, both modes can be safely used to remove laminate veneers. In sum, an exposure time of 50 s and a pulse duration of 60 μs demonstrated superior results for SBS, adhesive remaining index, and temperature values. Clinical implication Lithium disilicate laminate veneers may be removed quickly, safely, and comfortably. Laser-assisted debonding of porcelain laminate veneer is recommended and does not cause any damage to the veneer or enamel surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sura Sardar Al-Karadaghi
- Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Corresponding author. Al-Jaderyia street Box: 10071
| | - Hussein Jawad
- Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Tamara Al-Karadaghi
- Orofacial Pain, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles UCLA. 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS 10-157, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dumbryte I, Narbutis D, Vailionis A, Juodkazis S, Malinauskas M. Revelation of microcracks as tooth structural element by X-ray tomography and machine learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22489. [PMID: 36577779 PMCID: PMC9797571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although teeth microcracks (MCs) have long been considered more of an aesthetic problem, their exact role in the structure of a tooth and impact on its functionality is still unknown. The aim of this study was to reveal the possibilities of an X-ray micro-computed tomography ([Formula: see text]CT) in combination with convolutional neural network (CNN) assisted voxel classification and volume segmentation for three-dimensional (3D) qualitative analysis of tooth microstructure and verify this approach with four extracted human premolars. Samples were scanned using a [Formula: see text]CT instrument (Xradia 520 Versa; ZEISS) and segmented with CNN to identify enamel, dentin, and cracks. A new CNN image segmentation model was trained based on "Multiclass semantic segmentation using DeepLabV3+" example and was implemented with "TensorFlow". The technique which was used allowed 3D characterization of all MCs of a tooth, regardless of the volume of the tooth in which they begin and extend, and the evaluation of the arrangement of cracks and their structural features. The proposed method revealed an intricate star-shaped network of MCs covering most of the inner tooth, and the main crack planes in all samples were arranged radially in two almost perpendicular directions, suggesting that the cracks could be considered as a planar structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Dumbryte
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Narbutis
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, USA ,grid.6901.e0000 0001 1091 4533Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia ,grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105WRH Program International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mangirdas Malinauskas
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orthodontic Bracket Removal Using LASER-Technology-A Short Systematic Literature Review of the Past 30 Years. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020548. [PMID: 35057264 PMCID: PMC8780662 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Since fixed orthodontic treatment is widely spread and one of its inconveniences is bracket removal, as this affects enamel integrity as well as being a cause of discomfort to the patient, studies have searched for the most adequate bracket removal technique, many of them focusing on using laser-technology. Methods: Our review focused on articles published investigating methods of orthodontic bracket removal using laser technology in the last 30 years. Results: 19 relevant studies were taken into consideration after a thorough selection. Different types of laser devices, with specific settings and various testing conditions were tested and the investigators presented their pertinent conclusions. Conclusions: Most studies were performed using ceramic brackets and the best results in terms of prevention of enamel loss, temperature stability for the tooth as well as reduced chair time were obtained with Er:YAG lasers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Matos DS, Küchler EC, Borsatto MC, Matsumoto MAN, Marques FV, Romano FL. CO2 laser irradiation for debonding ceramic orthodontic brackets. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:45-52. [PMID: 34614060 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) and fracture mode of chemically and mechanically retained ceramic brackets bonded with different composite resins and irradiated with CO2 laser. The null hypothesis was that ceramic brackets bonded with different composite resins and irradiated with CO2 laser would have similar SBS values. Ninety human premolars were divided into four experimental groups according to the combination of type of composite resin (Transbond XT and Z 250) and type of ceramic bracket (Fascination and Mystique), and two control groups (n=15). In the four experimental groups, the brackets were irradiated with CO2 laser at 10 W for 3 seconds before SBS testing. Enamel surface ARI was calculated after debonding under electron microscopy scanning. ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. The laser groups had lower SBS values than the non-irradiated groups (control) (p<0.05). The mechanically retained brackets (Mystique) had the higher (p<0.05) and Z250 had the lower SBS values after CO2 laser irradiation. The groups bonded with Z250 had the highest ARI. Adhesive fractures were the most prevalent. The null hypothesis was rejected. CO2 laser decreased SBS efficiently and facilitated debonding of mechanically and chemically retained ceramic brackets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Souza Matos
- School of Dentistry of University Center of Patos de Minas, Patos de Minas, MG Brasil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Child Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Department of Child Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Child Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | - Fernanda Vicioni Marques
- Department of Child Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Child Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bitencourt SB, Ferreira LC, Mazza LC, Dos Santos DM, Pesqueira AA, Theodoro LH. Effect of laser irradiation on bond strength between zirconia and resin cement or veneer ceramic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2021; 21:125-137. [PMID: 33938862 PMCID: PMC8262443 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_590_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of the laser treatment on bond strength between Y-TZP and the resin cement or with the veneering ceramic, and the effect on the alteration of the Y-TZP surface roughness. Settings and Design: Systematic review and meta analysis following PROSPERO guidelines. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review was performed up to September 2020 on four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library), using the combination of keywords: “laser AND zirconia AND surface treatment AND bond strength”. Statistical Analysis Used: The meta-analysis was based on the Mantel–Haenszel and inverse variance methods. The continuous outcome was evaluated by mean difference and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 37 studies were identified for the inclusion of data, with only in vitro studies. The types of laser reported in the studies were: Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, CO2, Femtosecond, and Yb lasers. A random-effect model found statistically significant differences between lasers and control groups of Y-TZP (P < 0.00001; MD: 3.08; 95% CI: 2.58 to 3.58). Only the bond strength with the Er:YAG laser did not present statistical difference (P = 0.51; MD: 0.22; 95% CI: −0.44–0.88). In another analysis, a random-effect model found a statistically significant difference between the laser and control groups on surface roughness (P < 0.00001; MD: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.06). Conclusions: Laser irradiation is capable to improve the Y-TZP surface roughness and the bond strength of zirconia with resin cement and veneering ceramics. However, there is a lack of laser protocol for the zirconia surface, a fact that makes a simple and direct comparison difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Basso Bitencourt
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Chaves Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontics, Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry, Aracatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Cerri Mazza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Micheline Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldieris Alves Pesqueira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Helena Theodoro
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Division of Periodontics, Group for the Research and Study of Laser in Dentistry, Aracatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dumbryte I, Vailionis A, Skliutas E, Juodkazis S, Malinauskas M. Three-dimensional non-destructive visualization of teeth enamel microcracks using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14810. [PMID: 34285299 PMCID: PMC8292334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the topic of tooth fractures has been extensively analyzed in the dental literature, there is still insufficient information about the potential effect of enamel microcracks (EMCs) on the underlying tooth structures. For a precise examination of the extent of the damage to the tooth structure in the area of EMCs, it is necessary to carry out their volumetric [(three-dimensional (3D)] evaluation. The aim of this study was to validate an X-ray micro-computed tomography ([Formula: see text]CT) as a technique suitable for 3D non-destructive visualization and qualitative analysis of teeth EMCs of different severity. Extracted human maxillary premolars were examined using a [Formula: see text]CT instrument ZEISS Xradia 520 Versa. In order to separate crack, dentin, and enamel volumes a Deep Learning (DL) algorithm, part of the Dragonfly's segmentation toolkit, was utilized. For segmentation needs we implemented Dragonfly's pre-built UNet neural network. The scanning technique which was used made it possible to recognize and detect not only EMCs that are visible on the outer surface but also those that are buried deep inside the tooth. The 3D visualization, combined with DL assisted segmentation, enabled the evaluation of the dynamics of an EMC and precise examination of its position with respect to the dentin-enamel junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Skliutas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mangirdas Malinauskas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dumbryte I, Malinauskas M. In vivo examination of enamel microcracks after orthodontic debonding: Is there a need for detailed analysis? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:e103-e111. [PMID: 33390312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to assess changes in the number of enamel microcracks (EMCs) after removing metal brackets in teeth with and without visible EMCs before the bonding procedure. METHODS Before bonding, 13 patients having teeth with visible EMCs and 13 subjects whose teeth were free of EMCs were included in the study. All patients were asked to complete a questionnaire with a detailed medical history at the beginning of treatment and after removing metal brackets. The number of teeth with visible EMCs and the number of premolars without EMCs were recorded for each subject twice, that is, before bonding and after debonding, together with the tooth sensitivity assessments elicited by compressed air and cold testing. RESULTS The number of visible EMCs in premolars increased after removing metal brackets. EMCs were recorded in at least 25.0% of all evaluated teeth for the patients having teeth with and without visible EMCs at the beginning of treatment. However, the changes in the number of visible EMCs were not significantly different (P = 0.619) between the groups. For the subjects with visible EMCs, tooth sensitivity caused by cold was registered nearly 3 times more often after removing brackets compared with the patients without EMCs prior bonding. CONCLUSIONS Formation of EMCs was noticed after debonding. Changes in the number appeared to be similar for the subjects with and without visible EMCs before bonding. Higher incidence of EMCs was associated with more frequent tooth sensitivity perceptions after removing brackets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Dumbryte
- Institute of Odontology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferreira FG, da Silva EM, Vilella ODV. A Novel Method Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Three-Dimensional Analysis of Human Dental Enamel Subjected to Ceramic Bracket Debonding. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1053-1060. [PMID: 32843117 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to present a method using confocal laser scanning microscopy for three-dimensional analysis of human dental enamel subjected to ceramic bracket debonding. The labial enamel surfaces of three upper central incisors were prepared and mounted in the form of standardized specimens. A sample repositioning protocol was established to enable surface measurement and analysis before and after bracket debonding. Observations were made of representative areas measuring 1,280 × 1,280 μm2, in the center of the enamel samples, as well as of the total topography (2,500 × 3,500 μm) of the bonding areas provided by the equipment software. Noncontact three-dimensional high-resolution image analyses revealed the capabilities of the employed technique and methodology to permit the examination of specific characteristics and alterations on the surfaces, before and after the debonding and finishing procedures. The new protocol was effective to provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of changes on the same dental surfaces at different trial times. The methodology constitutes a feasible tool for revealing the effects of debonding of ceramic brackets on sound and previously injured dental enamel surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano G Ferreira
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro24020-140, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M da Silva
- Analitical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro24020-140, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo de V Vilella
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro24020-140, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zanini NA, Rabelo TF, Zamataro CB, Caramel-Juvino A, Ana PA, Zezell DM. Morphological, optical, and elemental analysis of dental enamel after debonding laminate veneer with Er,Cr:YSGG laser: A pilot study. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:489-498. [PMID: 32978851 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Laminate veneer removal is becoming a routine procedure at the dental clinic and the use of laser can facilitate its removal. This work aimed to evaluate the morphological, elemental, and optical changes in the remaining enamel after veneer removal using Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Forty-four enamel slabs were prepared and randomly distributed into nine experimental groups, for bonding using lithium disilicate laminates with three different luting agents (Variolink Veneer, RelyX U200, and RelyX Veneer). Then each agent was debonded using Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 μm) using two different protocols:3.5 W, 48.14 J/cm2 , 20 Hz non-contact and 3.0 W, 48.14 J/cm2 , 20 Hz non-contact. The morphological, optical, and elemental analysis of enamel was performed before cementation and after laser debonding, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The level of statistical significance adopted was 5%. The EDS analysis of enamel after debonding revealed a significant increase in silane and carbon, as well as a decrease in calcium and phosphate contents. Analysis showed the presence of residual cement in most experimental groups but the morphological analysis showed alteration of the enamel's prisms only in the groups that used RelyX Veneer and Variolink Veneer cements. There was no evidence of deleterious morphological changes resulting from irradiation. However, an increase in the optical attenuation coefficient by the OCT was observed due to the presence of the remaining cement. It can be concluded that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, in the mean powers used, is efficient for veneer removal without causing deleterious effects for the enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia A Zanini
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Center for Lasers and Applications, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais F Rabelo
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Center for Lasers and Applications, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Zamataro
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Center for Lasers and Applications, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Caramel-Juvino
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Center for Lasers and Applications, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Ana
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise M Zezell
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Center for Lasers and Applications, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Knaup T, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Braun A, Wenzler JS, Knaup I, Stein S. Effects of 445-nm Diode Laser-Assisted Debonding of Metallic Brackets on Shear Bond Strength and Enamel Surface Morphology. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:160-166. [PMID: 32195639 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a 445-nm diode laser on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets before debonding. Background: Due to the new blue laser technology, very few studies are available in this context. Methods: Seventy metallic brackets (Discovery; Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) were bonded to the frontal enamel surfaces of 70 caries-free bovine incisors in a standardized way. Each sample was randomly assigned to the control or laser group, with 35 samples per group. The brackets in the laser group were irradiated with the diode laser (SIROLaser Blue®; Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) on three sides of the bracket bases for 5 s each (lateral-coronal-lateral, a total of 15 s) immediately before debonding. SBS values were evaluated for the control group and laser group. Micrographs of the enamel surface were taken with 10 × magnification to assess the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and the degree of enamel fractures after debonding. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in SBS in the laser group in comparison with the control group (p > 0.05). The distribution of ARI scores was also not statistically significantly different in the laser group in comparison with the control group (p > 0.05). Three enamel fractures occurred in the control group and one in the laser group after debonding. Conclusions: Irradiation of metallic brackets with the 445-nm diode laser before debonding does not significantly reduce the SBS values and does not influence the remaining amount of adhesive on the enamel surface. The risk of enamel fractures during debonding is therefore not clinically affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Braun
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes-Simon Wenzler
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Stein
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mirhashemi AH, Hossaini SMH, Etemadi A, Kharazifard MJ, Bahador A, Soudi A. Effect of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Lasers on Ceramic Bracket Debonding from Composite Blocks. Front Dent 2019; 16:88-95. [PMID: 31777849 PMCID: PMC6874848 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i2.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) and erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers on the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets debonding from the surface of composite blocks. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six composite blocks were fabricated using Filtek Z250 light-cure composite. Block surfaces were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds and then rinsed with water for 20 seconds and dried. Maxillary right central incisor ceramic orthodontic brackets were bonded to the surfaces of composite blocks using Transbond XT adhesive and were cured for 40 seconds. Twelve samples were irradiated with Er:YAG laser, while 12 samples were irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and the brackets were then debonded using a universal testing machine. Twelve samples served as controls (debonding using the universal testing machine without using a laser). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score and bracket or composite cracks were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the comparison of the three groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the ARI scores. Results: The mean SBS was 17.01±5.22 MPa with Er:YAG laser, 18.03±6.46 MPa with Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and 16.61±6.73 MPa in the control group; the difference of the three groups was not significant (P=0.835). The difference in the ARI scores and enamel and composite cracks was not significant either (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study did not show any reduction in the bond strength of ceramic bracket to composite blocks after Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mirhashemi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ardavan Etemadi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Periodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Bahador
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Soudi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loiola ABDA, Aires CP, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Rodrigues Junior AL, Souza-Gabriel AE, Corona SAM. The Impact of CO 2 Laser Treatment and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride on Enamel Demineralization and Biofilm Formation. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:200-206. [PMID: 31749946 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study evaluated the impact of CO2 laser treatment and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel demineralization and biofilm formation, using in vitro and in situ designs. Methods: Demineralized enamel slabs were distributed among 8 groups: placebo, placebo + continuous CO2 laser, placebo + repeated CO2 laser, placebo + ultrapulsed CO2 laser, 1.23% APF, APF + continuous CO2 laser, APF + repeated CO2 laser and APF + ultrapulsed CO2 laser. In the in vitro study, 15 enamel slabs from each group were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen for 14 days. In the cross over in situ design, 11 volunteers wore palatal appliances with demineralized enamel slabs for 2 periods of 14 days each. Drops of sucrose solution were dripped onto enamel slabs 8×/day. Biofilms formed on slabs were collected and the colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were determined. Results: For both in vitro and in situ studies, there was no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). However, all treatments increased microhardness of demineralized enamel (P<0.05). After a further in situ cariogenic challenge, with the exception of the placebo, all treatments maintained microhardness values (P<0.05). Microbiological analysis showed no difference in Streptococcus mutans (P>0.05) or Lactobacillus (P>0.05) counts between groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that APF gel combined with the CO2 laser, regardless of the pulse emission mode used, was effective in controlling enamel demineralization, but none of the tested treatments was able to prevent bacterial colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bárbara de Araújo Loiola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Antônio Luiz Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14049- 900
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nasiri M, Mirhashemi AH, Etemadi A, Kharazifard MJ, Borujeni ES, Mahd MJ, Khazaei P, Akhoundi MSA. Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength and Adhesive Remnant Index in Debonding of Stainless Steel Brackets Assisted with Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation. Front Dent 2019; 16:37-44. [PMID: 31608335 PMCID: PMC6778617 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i1.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose was to compare shear bond strength (SBS), pulp temperature, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) in debonding of stainless steel brackets from enamel surface using neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser versus the conventional debonding method. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted premolars were bonded to stainless steel brackets. The samples were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. In the first three groups, Nd:YAG laser was used for debonding with the power of 1, 1.5, and 2 W, respectively, for 10 seconds. The SBS and ARI of the samples were assessed. Pulp temperature was recorded before and after irradiation. Two samples from each group were used for determining enamel morphology after debonding using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The mean SBS in the groups was 33.05, 28.69, 24.37, and 31.53 MPa, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P=0.205). Significant differences in post-irradiation temperature were noted among the lased groups (P=0.000). Debonding mainly occurred at the adhesive-enamel interface in the 1-W laser and control groups and at the bracket-adhesive interface in the 1.5-W and 2-W laser groups. Enamel structure was amorphous and irregular following laser irradiation. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the use of Nd:YAG laser could not significantly affect the SBS. Therefore, this laser would not be suitable for debonding of metal brackets. The use of a 2-W laser could significantly raise the pulpal temperature. Nd:YAG laser renders a more heterogeneous enamel morphology compared to conventional debonding methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasiri
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mirhashemi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardavan Etemadi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Javaheri Mahd
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khazaei
- Research Center of Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad Akhoundi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dumbryte I, Vebriene J, Linkeviciene L, Malinauskas M. Enamel microcracks in the form of tooth damage during orthodontic debonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Eur J Orthod 2019; 40:636-648. [PMID: 29474541 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate and compare the enamel microcracks (EMCs) characteristics (qualitative and quantitative) in the form of tooth damage before and after debonding from human teeth of in vitro studies. Eligibility criteria Laboratorial studies evaluating EMCs characteristics before and after debonding metal and ceramic brackets from human teeth with intact buccal enamel. Information sources An electronic search of four databases (all databases of the Cochrane Library, CA Web of Science, MEDLINE via PubMed, and Google Scholar) and additional manual searches were carried out, without language restrictions. Studies published between 2000 and 2017 years were selected. Reference lists of the included articles were screened, and authors were contacted when necessary. Risk of bias The following six parameters were analyzed: blinding of examiner and outcome assessment, incomplete outcome data before bonding and after debonding, selective outcome reporting, and incomplete reporting of EMCs assessment. Included studies Out of 430 potentially eligible studies, 259 were screened by title and abstract, 180 were selected for full-text analysis, 14 were included in the systematic review. Seven studies were selected for the meta-analysis. Synthesis of results The results for EMCs characteristics were expressed as mean differences (MDs) with their 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs), and calculated from random-effects meta-analyses. Debonding was associated with the increase in number (three studies, MD = 3.50, 95% CI, 2.13 to 4.87, P < 0.00001), length (seven studies, MD = 3.09 mm, 95% CI, 0.75-5.43, P < 0.00001), and width (three studies, MD = 0.39 µm, 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.79, P = 0.06) of EMCs. Considerable statistical heterogeneity was found for two forest plots evaluating the changes of number and length characteristics during debonding. Conclusions There is weak evidence indicating length and width of EMCs increase following bracket removal and the scientific evidence concerning quantitative evaluation of the number parameter before and after debonding is insufficient. However, there is a strong evidence that after debonding the number of EMCs is likely to increase. Registration No registration was performed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yassaei S, Aghili H, Ebrahimi-Nik Z. Different modes of diode laser irradiation: effects on enamel surface and intrapulpal temperature at debonding. Laser Ther 2018; 27:214-218. [PMID: 32158067 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.27_18-or-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background laser aided debonding of ceramic brackets has been proved to be effective in reducing enamel surface damages, though the optimal parameters of laser to be chose is in question. The aim of this study was to investigate the six different regimens of diode laser irradiation on enamel surface characteristics and intrapulpal temperature changes while debonding. Materials and methods 90 polycrystalline brackets were bonded to 90 intact extracted premolars. At debonding, teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 15) and were subjected to the following regimen of diode laser irradiation; G1 = 2 W, continuous wave, G2 = 2.5 W, continuous wave, G3 = 3 W, continuous wave, G4 = 2 W, pulsed mode, G5 = 2.5 W, pulsed mode, G6 = 3 W, pulsed mode. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index, the lengths and frequency of enamel cracks were compared among the groups. 5 teeth out of 15 were randomly selected from each group to assess the intrapulpal temperature changes. Results The number of enamel cracks increased significantly in all the specimens after debonding. Enamel crack length increased significantly in all the study groups except G3 and G6. The increase in intrapulpal temperature was significantly below the benchmark of 5.5 C for all the specimens. Significant difference was observed in adhesive remnant index scores among the groups and more than half of the teeth showed a score of 2. Conclusion Diode-laser irradiation in pulsed mode or continuous wave at given outputs (2, 2.5, 3 W) were not statistically different in regard to producing enamel surface damages or increasing intrapulpal temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Yassaei
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hosseinagha Aghili
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi-Nik
- Dental Clinic of Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahrari F, Boruziniat A, Mohammadipour HS, Alirezaei M. The Effect of Fractional CO2 Laser Irradiation on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Feldspathic Porcelain. J Lasers Med Sci 2018; 9:101-106. [PMID: 30026894 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigated the effect of fractional CO2 laser on shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to feldspathic porcelain. Methods: Sixty blocks of unglazed feldspathic porcelain were randomly divided into 5 groups of 12 by treatment. Group 1 and 2 underwent etching with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HF) and air abrasion with alumina particles, respectively. In groups 3 and 4, a fractional CO2 laser was applied for 10 seconds using 20 W/10 mJ (group 3) or 15 W/20 mJ (group 4). The specimens in group 5 were first treated by fractional CO2 laser (15 W/20 mJ) and then etched by HF acid. After silane application, a resin cement (Clearfil SA) was poured into plastic molds over the porcelain surface and light cured. SBS was assessed by a universal testing machine and the type of bond failure was determined. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significant difference in SBS among the study groups (P<0.001). Pairwise comparison demonstrated that the application of fractional CO2 laser followed by HF acid yielded SBS that was significantly greater than that of the other groups (P<0.05). The SBS of both laser groups (groups 3 and 4) were comparable to each other and significantly lower than the other groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the distribution of failure modes among the groups (P=0.522) Conclusion: The application of fractional CO2 laser followed by HF acid treatment can improve SBS of resin cement to feldspathic porcelain and could be recommended when demanding extra retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Boruziniat
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stein S, Wenzler J, Hellak A, Schauseil M, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Braun A. Intrapulpal Temperature Increases Caused by 445-nm Diode Laser-Assisted Debonding of Self-Ligating Ceramic Brackets During Simulated Pulpal Fluid Circulation. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:185-190. [PMID: 29298403 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated temperature increases in dental pulp resulting from laser-assisted debonding of ceramic brackets using a 445-nm diode laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen ceramic brackets were bonded in standardized manner to 18 caries-free human third molars. Pulpal fluid circulation was simulated by pumping distilled water at 37°C through the pulp chamber. The brackets were irradiated with a 445-nm diode laser. Temperatures were measured using a thermal camera at points P1 (center of the pulp) and P2 (in the hard dental tissue) at the baseline (T0), at the start and end of laser application (T1 and T2), and the maximum during the sequence (Tmax). RESULTS Significant differences in the temperatures measured at P1 and P2 were observed among T0, T1, T2, and Tmax. Significant increases in temperature were noted at points P1 and P2, between T1 and T2, T1 and Tmax, and T2 and Tmax. The maximum P2 values were significantly higher than at P1. The maximum temperature increase measured in the pulp was 2.23°C, lower than the critical threshold of 5.5°C. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the laser settings used, there is no risk to the vitality of dental pulp during laser-assisted debonding of ceramic brackets with a 445-nm diode laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Stein
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Wenzler
- 2 Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellak
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schauseil
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Braun
- 2 Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dumbryte I, Linkeviciene L, Linkevicius T, Malinauskas M. Does orthodontic debonding lead to tooth sensitivity? Comparison of teeth with and without visible enamel microcracks. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:284-291. [PMID: 28153157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to assess the possible changes in sensitivity of teeth with and without visible enamel microcracks (EMCs) up to 1 week after the removal of metal brackets. METHODS After debonding, 15 patients possessing teeth with visible EMCs and 15 subjects whose teeth were free of EMCs were enrolled in the study. For each experimental group, a control group was formed. The assessments of tooth sensitivity elicited by compressed air and cold testing were performed 5 times: just before debonding, immediately after debonding, and at 1, 3, and 7 days after debonding. Tooth sensitivity was recorded on a 100-mm visual analog scale. RESULTS For the patients without visible EMCs, discomfort peaked immediately after debonding and started to decrease on day 1; at 1 week after debonding, the visual analog scale scores were lower than just before debonding and immediately after debonding. For the subjects possessing teeth with visible EMCs, the pattern of sensitivity dynamic was inherently the same. However, the patients with visible EMCs showed higher visual analog scale values at each time interval. CONCLUSIONS Debonding leads to a short-term increase in tooth sensitivity. EMCs, a form of enamel damage, do not predispose to greater sensitivity perception in relation to bracket removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Linkeviciene
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Linkevicius
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mangirdas Malinauskas
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stein S, Kleye A, Schauseil M, Hellak A, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Braun A. 445-nm diode laser-assisted debonding of self-ligating ceramic brackets. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2017; 62:513-520. [PMID: 28076292 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2016-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:This study determined the influence of irradiation on aesthetic ceramic brackets with a novel 445-nm diode laser prior to debonding on the bracket failure mode.Materials and methods:Thirty ceramic brackets (In-Ovation® C, GAC) were standard-bonded to the oral and buccal planed and polished enamel surfaces of 15 caries-free human 3Results:In the laser group, the ARI-score was statistically significantly reduced (p<0.05) at 10-fold and 20-fold magnifications compared to the conventional group, while enamel fractures were not found at any magnification in either group at T1. Enamel fractures and grinding marks were increasingly found in the conventional group by SEM at T2.Conclusion:Irradiation with the novel diode laser prior to debonding of ceramic brackets significantly changes bonding failure in terms of less remaining adhesive. This is of clinical importance as the risk of enamel fractures and chair time can be reduced.
Collapse
|
22
|
Stein S, Hellak A, Schauseil M, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Braun A. Effects of 445-nm Diode Laser-Assisted Debonding of Self-Ligating Ceramic Brackets on Shear Bond Strength. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 36:31-36. [PMID: 29016236 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure the effect of irradiation with a novel 445-nm diode laser on the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets before debonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty ceramic brackets (In-Ovation® C, GAC) were bonded in standard manner to the planed and polished buccal enamel surfaces of 30 caries-free human third molars. Each tooth was randomly allocated to the laser or control group, with 15 samples per group. The brackets in the laser group were irradiated with the diode laser (SIROLaser Blue®; Sirona) on three sides of the bracket bases for 5 sec each (lateral-coronal-lateral, a total of 15 sec) immediately before debonding. SBS values were measured for the laser group and control group. To assess the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and the degree of enamel fractures, micrographs of the enamel surface were taken with 10-fold magnification after debonding. RESULTS The SBS values were significantly lower statistically in the laser group in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). The ARI scores were also significantly lower statistically in the laser group in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). No bracket fractures or enamel fractures occurred in either group after debonding. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation of ceramic brackets with the novel diode laser before debonding significantly reduces the SBS values. This is of clinical importance, as it means that the risk of damage to the teeth, bracket fractures, and the overall treatment time can be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Stein
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellak
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schauseil
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Braun
- 2 Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Romano FL, Pessoti G, Galo R, Gomes-Silva JM, Lucisano MP, Borsatto MC, Nelson-Filho P. Does the CO2 laser reduce bond strength in different types of ceramic brackets? Dental Press J Orthod 2017; 22:55-60. [PMID: 28658356 PMCID: PMC5484270 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.2.055-060.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the influence of the CO2 laser and of the type of ceramic bracket on the shear bond strength (SBS) to enamel. METHODS: A total of 60 enamel test surfaces were obtained from bovine incisors and randomly assigned to two groups, according to the ceramic bracket used: Allure (A); Transcend (T). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 15): L, laser (10W, 3s); C, no laser, or control. Twenty-four hours after the bonding protocol using Transbond XT, SBS was tested at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. After debonding, the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was evaluated at 10 x magnification and compared among the groups. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s, Mann-Whitney’s and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Mean SBS in MPa were: AL = 0.88 ± 0.84; AC = 12.22 ± 3.45; TL = 12.10 ± 5.11; TC = 17.71 ± 6.16. ARI analysis showed that 73% of the specimens presented the entire adhesive remaining on the tooth surfaces (score 3). TC group presented significantly higher SBS than the other groups. The lased specimens showed significantly lower bond strength than the non-lased groups for both tested brackets. CONCLUSION: CO2 laser irradiation decreased SBS values of the polycrystalline ceramic brackets, mainly Allure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Professor, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Department of Pediatric Clinics, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Pessoti
- Dental surgeon, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Galo
- Professor, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Diamantina/MG, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Miranda Gomes-Silva
- Dental surgeon, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Department of Pediatric Clinics, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Dental surgeon, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Department of Pediatric Clinics, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Full professor, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Department of Pediatric Clinics, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Full professor, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, Department of Pediatric Clinics, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yilanci H, Yildirim ZB, Ramoglu SI. Intrapulpal Temperature Increase During Er:YAG Laser-Aided Debonding of Ceramic Brackets. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:217-222. [PMID: 28068189 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temperature changes in the pulp chamber while using a newly introduced application of Er:YAG laser to debond ceramic brackets in a study model with a pulpal circulation with and without thermocycled samples. BACKGROUND DATA An esthetic alternative to stainless steel brackets, ceramic brackets have been proposed. However, because of their low fracture resistance and high bond strengths, ceramic brackets can cause a problem when they are being removed using conventional techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental Groups A and B were established for samples with or without thermocycling. The same 20 maxillary central incisor and 20 premolar teeth were used in both groups. Pulpal blood microcirculation was simulated using an apparatus described in a previous study. Monocrystalline brackets were bonded by using Transbond XT. In Group A, brackets were debonded using the Er:YAG laser (600 mJ, 2 Hz, long pulse, and no air or water spray) after being stored in distilled water for 24 h. In Group B, brackets were debonded using the same laser system as that used in Group A after being stored in distilled water for 24 h and then thermocycled for a total of 5000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C. The laser irradiation duration and intrapulpal temperature changes were measured. RESULTS In Group B, the intrapulpal temperature increase of the central incisors was significantly higher than that of the premolar teeth. In the central incisor and premolar teeth groups, there were no statistically significant difference between Groups A and B (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between laser irradiation duration and temperature increase (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The use of Er:YAG laser is an effective method for debonding the monocrystalline ceramic brackets. This method can be used safely under the consideration of intrapulpal temperature changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Yilanci
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Beyza Yildirim
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabri Ilhan Ramoglu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
DUMBRYTE I, LINKEVICIENE L, LINKEVICIUS T, MALINAUSKAS M. Enamel microcracks in terms of orthodontic treatment: A novel method for their detection and evaluation. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:438-446. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Demirkan I, Sarp ASK, Gülsoy M. Ceramic bracket debonding with Tm:fiber laser. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:65007. [PMID: 27367251 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.065007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lasers have the potential for reducing the required debonding force and can prevent the mechanical damage given to the enamel surface as a result of conventional debonding procedure. However, excessive thermal effects limit the use of lasers for debonding purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal parameters of 1940-nm Tm:fiber laser for debonding ceramic brackets. Pulling force and intrapulpal temperature measurements were done during laser irradiation simultaneously. A laser beam was delivered in two different modes: scanning the fiber tip on the bracket surface with a Z shape movement or direct application of the fiber tip at one point in the center of the bracket. Results showed that debonding force could be decreased significantly compared to the control samples, in which brackets were debonded by only mechanical force. Intrapulpal temperature was kept equal or under the 5.5°C threshold value of probable thermal damage to pulp. Scanning was found to have no extra contribution to the process. It was concluded that using 1940-nm Tm:fiber laser would facilitate the debonding of ceramic brackets and can be proposed as a promising debonding tool with all the advantageous aspects of fiber lasers.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahrari F, Boruziniat A, Alirezaei M. Surface treatment with a fractional CO2 laser enhances shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia. Laser Ther 2016; 25:19-26. [PMID: 27141151 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.16-or-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety zirconia blocks were prepared and divided into 6 groups of 15 by treatment. Group 1 served as the control group, whereas groups 2 and 3 were treated with air abrasion and a universal primer (Monobond plus), respectively. The remaining zirconia copings were treated with a fractional CO2 laser for 10 seconds using 10 W/10 mJ (group 4), 10 w/14 mJ (group 5) or 20 W/10 mJ (group 6). A luting cement (Clearfil SA) was bonded to the treated zirconia surfaces and cured for 40 seconds. SBS was measured with a universal testing machine and the type of bond failure was determined. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in SBS among the study groups (p<0.001). The highest SBS values were observed in the groups treated with the fractional CO2 laser at settings of 20 W/10 mJ (28.1 MPa) or 10 W/14 mJ (27.4 MPa), followed by the specimens treated with the universal primer (22.8 MPa). The control specimens exhibited the lowest SBS (9.4 MPa) among the study groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of failure modes among the groups (p=0.871). CONCLUSIONS The application of fractional CO2 laser can improve bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic, and thus it could be considered as an appropriate alternative to conventional methods of zirconia surface treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Boruziniat
- Assistant Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahrari F, Akbari M, Mohammadpour S, Forghani M. The efficacy of laser-assisted in-office bleaching and home bleaching on sound and demineralized enamel. Laser Ther 2016; 24:257-64. [PMID: 26877590 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.15-or-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the effectiveness of laser-assisted in-office bleaching and home-bleaching in sound and demineralized enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 120 freshly-extracted bovine incisors. Half of the specimens were stored in a demineralizing solution to induce white spot lesions. Following exposure to a tea solution for 7.5 days, the specimens were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 30 according to the type of enamel and the bleaching procedure employed. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of demineralized teeth subjected to in-office bleaching and home bleaching, whereas in groups 3 and 4, sound teeth were subjected to in-office and home bleaching, respectively. A diode laser (810 nm, 2 W, continuous wave, four times for 15 seconds each) was employed for assisting the in-office process. The color of the specimens was measured before (T1) and after (T2) staining and during (T3) and after (T4) the bleaching procedures using a spectrophotometer. The color change (ΔE) between different treatments stages was compared among the groups. RESULTS There were significant differences in the color change between T2 and T3 (ΔE T2-T3) and T2 and T4 (ΔE T2-T4) stages among the study groups (p<0.05). Pairwise comparison by Duncan test revealed that both ΔET2-T3 and ΔET2-T4 were significantly greater in demineralized teeth submitted to laser-assisted in-office bleaching (group 1) as compared to the other groups (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Laser-assisted in-office bleaching could provide faster and greater whitening effect than home bleaching on stained demineralized enamel, but both procedures produced comparable results on sound teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Akbari
- Dental Research Center, Department of Operative dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mohammadpour
- Postgraduate Dental Student, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Forghani
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ghazanfari R, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Alikhasi M. Laser-Aided Ceramic Bracket Debonding: A Comprehensive Review. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:2-11. [PMID: 27330690 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Different techniques have been introduced for the removal of ceramic brackets. Since the early 1990s, lasers have been used experimentally for debonding ceramic brackets. The goal of this study is to give a comprehensive literature review on laser-aided ceramic bracket debonding. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify dental articles with the following combination of key words: Ceramic brackets, Debonding, and Laser. Sixteen English articles from 2004 to 2015 were selected. The selected studies were categorized according to the variables investigated including the intrapulpal temperature, shear bond strength, debonding time, enamel damage and bracket failure. Most articles reported decreased shear bond strength and debonding time following laser irradiation without any critical and irritating increase in pulpal temperature. There were no reports of bracket failure or enamel damage. Laser irradiation is an efficient way to reduce shear bond strength of ceramic bracket and debonding time. This technique is a safe way for removing ceramic bracket with minimal impact on intrapulpal temperature and enamel surface and it reduces ceramic bracket failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezvaneh Ghazanfari
- Department of Dental Prosthesis and Implants, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alikhasi
- Dental Research Center, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Implant Research center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bernard-Granger C, Gebeile-Chauty S. [Vitality loss: influence of orthodontic process]. Orthod Fr 2015; 86:161-7. [PMID: 26337093 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2014024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitality loss is an unusual event that can occur before, during or after an orthodontic treatment. It can lead to loss of sensitivity, color change or necrosis of the pulp tissue. Before starting the orthodontic treatment, we have to identify the tooth's risk (injured tooth, included occlusal trauma...). Knowing that, if an endodontic treatment has to be done, it is better to do it before starting orthodontic forces. Lamps do not provide problems except high intensity halogen ones. RPE on children, Le Fort I and mandibular osteotomies, corticotomies, genioplasties are responsible of a transitory ischemia without reaching a pathogen level. Mini-screws or mini-plates may be iatrogenic, if they impact the root. The repair options depend on the delay before removing the miniscrew and the nature of injured tissue.
Collapse
|
31
|
Dumbryte I, Jonavicius T, Linkeviciene L, Linkevicius T, Peciuliene V, Malinauskas M. The prognostic value of visually assessing enamel microcracks: Do debonding and adhesive removal contribute to their increase? Angle Orthod 2015; 86:437-47. [PMID: 26322538 DOI: 10.2319/021115-93.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find a correlation between the severity of enamel microcracks (EMCs) and their increase during debonding and residual adhesive removal (RAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Following their examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 90 extracted human premolars were divided into three groups of 30: group 1, teeth having pronounced EMCs (visible with the naked eye under normal room illumination); group 2, teeth showing weak EMCs (not apparent under normal room illumination but visible by SEM); and group 3, a control group. EMCs have been classified into weak and pronounced, based on their visibility. Metal brackets (MB) and ceramic brackets (CB), 15 of each type, were bonded to all the teeth from groups 1 and 2. Debonding was performed with pliers, followed by RAR. The location, length, and width of the longest EMCs were measured using SEM before and after debonding. RESULTS The mean overall width (Woverall) was higher for pronounced EMCs before and after debonding CB (P < .05), and after the removal of MB. Pronounced EMCs showed greater length values using both types of brackets. After debonding, the increase in Woverall of pronounced EMCs was 0.57 µm with MB (P < .05) and 0.30 µm with CB; for weak EMCs, - 0.32 µm with MB and 0.30 µm with CB. CONCLUSIONS Although the teeth having pronounced EMCs showed higher width and length values, this did not predispose to greater EMCs increase after debonding MB and CB followed by RAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Dumbryte
- a Research Associate, Vilnius Research Group, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Jonavicius
- b Research Trainee, Department of Quantum Electronics, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laura Linkeviciene
- c Assistant Professor, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Linkevicius
- c Assistant Professor, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Peciuliene
- d Professor, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mangirdas Malinauskas
- e Senior Research Fellow, Department of Quantum Electronics, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ghanbarzadeh M, Ahrari F, Akbari M, Hamzei H. Microhardness of demineralized enamel following home bleaching and laser-assisted in office bleaching. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e405-9. [PMID: 26330939 PMCID: PMC4554242 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little data regarding the effect of tooth whitening on microhardness of white spot lesions. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of home-bleaching and laser-assisted in-office bleaching on microhardness of demineralized enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty bovine incisors were selected and immersed in a demineralizing solution for 12 weeks to induce white spot lesions. Enamel blocks were prepared and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 each. The first group underwent home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide which was applied for 8 hours a day over a period of 15 days. In the second group, in-office bleaching was performed by 40% hydrogen peroxide and powered by irradiation from an 810 nm gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser (CW, 2W). This process was performed for 3 sessions every seven days, in 15 days. The specimens were stored in Fusayama Meyer artificial saliva during the experiment. Surface microhardness was assessed before and after the bleaching therapies in both groups. RESULTS Microhardness decreased significantly following both home bleaching and laser-assisted in-office bleaching (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in hardness values among the two groups either before (p=0.131) or after (p=0.182) the bleaching procedures. CONCLUSIONS Tooth whitening through home bleaching or laser-assisted in-office bleaching can result in a significant reduction in microhardness of white spot lesions. Therefore, it is suggested to take protective measures on bleached demineralized enamel. Key words:White spot lesion, bleaching, laser, microhardness, demineralized enamel, home bleaching, in-office bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghanbarzadeh
- DDS MS, Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ahrari
- DDS MS, Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Akbari
- DDS MS, Associate Professor of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haniye Hamzei
- DDS, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shyagali TR, Bhayya DP, Urs CB, Subramaniam S. Finite element study on modification of bracket base and its effects on bond strength. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 20:76-82. [PMID: 25992991 PMCID: PMC4445229 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.20.2.076-082.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This article aims to analyze the difference in stresses generated in the
bracket-cement-tooth system by means of a peel load in single and double-mesh
bracket bases using a three-dimensional finite element computer model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of the bracket-cement-tooth system was
constructed and consisted of 40,536 bonds and 49,201 finite elements using a
commercial mesh generating programmer (ANSYS 7.0). Both single and double-mesh
bracket bases were modified by varying the diameter from 100-400 µm progressively,
and the spacing between the mesh wires was kept at 300 µm for each diameter of
wire. A peel load was applied on the model to study the stresses generated in
different layers. RESULTS: In case of double-mesh bracket base, there was reduction in stress generation at
the enamel in comparison to single-mesh bracket base. There was no difference in
stress generated at the bracket layer between single and double-mesh bracket
bases. At the impregnated wire mesh (IWM), layer stresses increased as the wire
diameter of the mesh increased. CONCLUSION: Results show that bracket design modification can improve bonding abilities and
simultaneously reduce enamel damage while debonding. These facts may be used in
bringing about the new innovative bracket designs for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarulatha R Shyagali
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India
| | - Deepak P Bhayya
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India
| | - Chandralekha B Urs
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vaidehi Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Shashikala Subramaniam
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, KGM Dental College and Hospital, Kolar, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yassaei S, Soleimanian A, Nik ZE. Effects of Diode Laser Debonding of Ceramic Brackets on Enamel Surface and Pulpal Temperature. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:270-274. [PMID: 26067728 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Debonding of ceramic brackets due to their high bond strength and low fracture toughness is one of the most challenging complications of orthodontic clinicians. Application of lasers might be effective in the debonding of ceramic brackets as they reduce bond strength of resins and, therefore, can eliminate the risk of enamel damage. However, the thermal effects of laser radiation on dental tissue can cause undesirable results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the enamel surface characteristics and pulpal temperature changes of teeth after debonding of ceramic brackets with or without laser light. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty polycrystalline brackets were bonded to 30 intact extracted premolars, and later debonded conventionally or through a diode laser (2.5 W, 980 nm). The laser was applied for 10 seconds with sweeping movement. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI), the lengths and frequency of enamel cracks were compared among the groups. The increase in intrapulpal temperature was also measured. The collected data were analyzed by Chi-squared test and paired t-test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS There was no case of enamel fracture in none of the groups. Laser debonding caused a significant decrease in the frequency and lengths of enamel cracks, compared to conventional debonding. In laser debonding group, the increase in intrapulpal temperature (1.46°C) was significantly below the benchmark of 5.5°C for all the specimens. No significant difference was observed in ARI scores among the groups. CONCLUSION Laser-assisted debonding of ceramic brackets could reduce the risk of enamel damage, without causing thermal damage to the pulp. However, some increases in the length and frequency of enamel cracks should be expected with all debonding methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Yassaei
- Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Soleimanian
- Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi Nik
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd, Iran, Phone: 989159968117 e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
CO2 laser as auxiliary in the debonding of ceramic brackets. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1835-41. [PMID: 25410302 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the temperature in the bonding composite and in the pulp chamber, the shear bond strength after the irradiation of CO2 lasers, and the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) after debonding of ceramic bracket. A hundred and five premolars were used: 30 to evaluate the temperature and 75 to test the resistance to shear and the ARI. To assess the temperature, different irradiation times (3 and 5 s), pulse duration (0.001 and 0.003 s), and output power (5, 8, and 10 W) were tested (total of 12 groups). During all the irradiation, specimens were immersed in thermal bath water at 37 °C. In the test and ARI evaluation, premolars were divided into five groups (n = 15) and were submitted to the following regimens of CO2 laser irradiation: I (5 W, pulse duration = 0.01 s, application time = 3 s), II (5 W, 0.03 s, 3 s), III (8 W, 0.01 s, 3 s), and IV (1 0 W, 0.01 s, 3 s). Group C (control) was not subjected to irradiation. ARI was measured after debonding of the bracket. Following irradiation of the lasers, the pulpal temperature was not higher than 5.5 °C in four of the study groups. Results were submitted to the ANOVA and Duncan's test. CO2 laser irradiation regimen IV was one in which the strength of debonding is 7.33 MPa. Therefore, CO2 laser may aid removal of ceramic brackets; it decreased the bond strength without increasing the excessive temperature excessively.
Collapse
|
36
|
Bernard-Granger C, Gebeile-Chauty S. [Enamel cracks: influence of orthodontic process]. Orthod Fr 2014; 85:245-51. [PMID: 25158747 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2014017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of enamel cracks is not only due to the removal process. It is all the stages before that we need to consider. 1. The presence of risks factors before the treatment (cracks, trauma...) have to be explained to the patient and recorded. 2. The choice of bracket placement: the buccal side is responsible for less cracks than the lingual one. 3. Ceramic brackets need higher debonding forces than metal ones; metal reinforced orthodontic ceramic brackets could be an interesting approach. 4. CVIMR could be better than classic bonds. 5. In case of multiple rebondings, it is better not to etch enamel again but only to level the resin left on tooth surface. 6. Alternatives to removing brackets by pliers are studied, especially for the removal of ceramic brackets to thwart the high debonding force problem : heat, laser...
Collapse
|
37
|
Shahabi M, Ahrari F, Mohamadipour H, Moosavi H. Microleakage and shear bond strength of orthodontc brackets bonded to hypomineralized enamel following different surface preparations. J Clin Exp Dent 2014; 6:e110-5. [PMID: 24790708 PMCID: PMC4002338 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the effects of several conditioning methods on shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of orthodontic brackets bonded to demineralized enamel.
Study Design: One hundred premolars were selected and immersed in a cariogenic solution for 12 weeks. The teeth were randomly assigned into 5 groups. In groups 1 and 2, the teeth underwent acid etching for 30 and 120 seconds, respectively. In group 3, a combination of laser and acid etching was employed. A self-etch primer (SEP) was applied in group 4 and in group 5, the teeth were exposed to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) for 4 minutes before etching. After bracket bonding, the teeth were immersed in methylen blue for 12 hours and then were mounted in acrylic resin. SBS was determined with an Instron Universal Testing Machine and the amount of microleakage under the brackets was assessed under a stereomicroscope.
Results: The lowest SBS was related to the SEP group and the highest one was observed in the specimens prepared by APF+acid etching. There was a significant difference in SBS (p=0.009), but not in microleakage (p=0.971) of the study groups. The SBS of the specimens treated with SEP was significantly Lower than the other groups, which were not significantly different from each other. The SEP group displayed a higher frequency of bond failure at the enamel-adhesive interface.
Conclusions: Enamel preparation with SEP provided the lowest SBS among the groups. All groups showed some degree of microleakage. There was no significant correlation between SBS and microleakage.
Key words:Bond strength, microleakage, bonding, self-etch primer, Er:YAG laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Shahabi
- DDS, MS, Associate Professor of Orthodontics. Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ahrari
- DDS, MS, Assistant Professor of Orthodontics. Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mohamadipour
- DDS MS, Assistant Professor. Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Horieh Moosavi
- DDS MS, Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry. Dental Material Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ahrari F, Heravi F, Hosseini M. CO2 laser conditioning of porcelain surfaces for bonding metal orthodontic brackets. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:1091-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
39
|
Reconditioning of ceramic orthodontic brackets with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:223-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
40
|
Ahrari F, Basafa M, Fekrazad R, Mokarram M, Akbari M. The Efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Reconditioning of Metallic Orthodontic Brackets. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:41-6. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Basafa
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Dental Department, AJA University of Medical Sciences–Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Akbari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|