1
|
Rahmati A, Abbasi R, Najafi R, Asnaashari M, Behroozi R, Rezaei-Soufi L, Karkehabadi H. Effect of Low-Level Diode Laser and Red Light-Emitting Diode on Survival and Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:306-313. [PMID: 38546858 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This investigation set out to compare the impacts of low-level diode laser (LLDL) and red light-emitting diode (LED) on the survival of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. Methods and materials: In this ex vivo experimental study, the experimental groups underwent the irradiation of LLDL (4 J/cm2 energy density) and red LED in the osteogenic medium. Survival of hDPSCs was assessed after 24 and 48 h (n = 9) using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The assessment of osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation was conducted using alizarin red staining (ARS; three repetitions). The investigation of osteogenic and odontogenic gene expression was performed at two time points, specifically 24 and 48 h (n = 12). This analysis was performed utilizing real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The groups were compared at each time point using SPSS version 24. To analyze the data, the Mann-Whitney U test, analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and t-test were utilized. Results: The MTT assay showed that LLDL significantly decreased the survival of hDPSCs after 48 h, compared with other groups (p < 0.05). The qualitative results of ARS revealed that LLDL and red LED increased the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. LLDL and red LED both upregulated the expression of osteogenic/odontogenic genes, including bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), in hDPSCs. The LLDL group exhibited a higher level of gene upregulation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The cell survival of hDPSCs was reduced, despite an increase in osteogenic/odontogenic activity. Clinical relevance: Introduction of noninvasive methods in regenerative endodontic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Rahmati
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Abbasi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Medical Molecular & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Loghman Rezaei-Soufi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Karkehabadi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Firoozi P, Amiri MA, Soghli N, Farshidfar N, Hakimiha N, Fekrazad R. The Role of Photobiomodulation on Dental-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:559-586. [PMID: 35950251 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220810141411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation therapy involves exposing tissues to light sources, including light-emitting diodes or low-level lasers, which results in cellular function modulation. The molecular mechanism of this treatment is revealed, demonstrating that depending on the light settings utilized, it has the potential to elicit both stimulatory and inhibitory reactions. OBJECTIVE The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy on dental stem cells and provide an evidence-based conclusion in this regard. METHODS This systematic review was performed and reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) revised guidelines. PICO(S) components were employed to define the inclusion criteria. Web of Science, Scopus, Medline as well as grey literature, and google scholar were searched up to September 2021 to retrieve relevant papers. RESULTS Photobiomodulation therapy showed promising effects on the proliferation, viability, and differentiation of dental stem cells. This finding was based on reviewing related articles with a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION Despite the positive benefits of photobiomodulation therapy on dental stem cells, the current data do not provide a definitive conclusion on the best physical parameters for enhancing cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Firoozi
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Soghli
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Centre in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gholami L, Khorsandi K, Fekrazad R. Effect of red and near-infrared irradiation on periodontal ligament stem cells: ROS generation and cell cycle analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10051-10058. [PMID: 36469733 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of lost tooth structures and the periodontium with the help of tissue engineering has found a special place in dentistry in recent years with reports of great therapeutic success. Stem cells from the periodontal ligament have the potential for high differentiation into the bone and periodontal ligament cells and are therefore a suit candidate for regenerative therapies of the periodontium and other tissues. In this regard, the use of photobiomodulation on these cells by light irradiation can be effective in increasing the efficiency of these regenerative methods. The effect of red and near-infrared lasers was investigated in pulsed and continuous modes on the cell viability, ROS production and the cell cycle of Periodontal Ligament Stem cells (PDLSCs) using MTT assay and flowcytometry techniques. The result shows that both red and near-infra-red (NIR) irradiations at 3 J/cm2 maintain cell viability. ROS generation assay indicated that in PDL stem cells irradiated with NIR laser (940 nm), ROS production was greater than in the red (660 nm) irradiated groups. Cell cycle analysis revealed that NIR irradiation can enhance the proportion of S-phase cells and declinedecline the proportion of G1-phase cells compared to the red laser irradiation groups. Moreover, this enhancement was greater in the pulsed group compared to the continuous mode group. Overall, the current study results showed that photobiomodulation can support the cell viability of PDLSCs and could affect the ROS production and cell cycle. This effect was more with 940 nm (NIR) irradiation pulsed mode compared to 660 nm (red).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Science Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yong J, Gröger S, Wu Z, Ruf S, Ye Y, Chen X. Photobiomodulation Therapy and Pulp-Regenerative Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030371. [PMID: 36978762 PMCID: PMC10045842 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were used to recover the dental pulp’s vitality in order to avoid the undesirable outcomes of conventional endodontic treatment and to promote dentinal formation, especially for immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) exhibits photobiological and photochemical effects for improving the root canal’s environmental conditions by compensating for oxidative stress and increasing the blood supply to implanted stem cells and improving their survival. Basic research has revealed that PBMT can modulate human dental pulp stem cells’ (hDPSCs) differentiation, proliferation, and activity, and subsequent tissue activation. However, many unclear points still remain regarding the mechanisms of action induced by PBMT in REPs. Therefore, in this review, we present the applications of laser and PBMT irradiation to the procedures of REPs and in endodontics. In addition, the effects of PBMT on the regenerative processes of hDPSCs are reviewed from biochemical and cytological perspectives on the basis of the available literature. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, and we discuss research that has reported on its effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Zuping Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yuer Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahmati A, Abbasi R, Najafi R, Rezaei-soufi L, Karkehabadi H. Effect of diode low level laser and red light emitting diode irradiation on cell proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:543. [PMID: 36434589 PMCID: PMC9701043 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experimental study aimed to assess the effect of irradiation of red light-emitting diode (LED) and Diode low-level laser (LLL) on osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS SCAPs were isolated from the human tooth root. The experimental groups were subjected to 4 J/cm2 diode low level laser and red LED irradiation in osteogenic medium. The control group did not receive any irradiation. Cell viability/proliferation of SCAPs was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay on days 1 and 2 (n = 9). Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red staining (ARS) (n = 3), and expression of osteogenic genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (n = 12) on days 1 and 2. SPSS version 18 was used for data evaluation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the groups at each time point. RESULTS The MTT assay showed no significant difference in cell viability/proliferation of SCAPs in the low level laser, red LED, and control groups at 24 or 48 h (P < 0.001). The ARS assessment showed that low level laser and red LED irradiation enhanced osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. low level laser and red LED irradiation both induced over-expression of osteogenic/dentinogenic genes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in SCAPs. Up-regulation of genes was significantly greater in low level laser irradiation group than red LED group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Diode low level laser irradiation with 4 J/cm2 energy density and red LED irradiation enhanced osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs without adversely affecting cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Rahmati
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Endodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Abbasi
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Endodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Medical Molecular & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Medical Molecular & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Loghman Rezaei-soufi
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Karkehabadi
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Endodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Si D, Su B, Zhang J, Zhao K, Li J, Chen D, Hu S, Wang X. Low-level laser therapy with different irradiation methods modulated the response of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3509-3516. [PMID: 36066778 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) also known as photobiomodulation is a treatment to change cellular biological activity. The exact effects of LLLT remain unclear due to the different irradiation protocols. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of LLLT by three different irradiation methods on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. BMSCs were inoculated in 24-well plates and then irradiated or not (control) with a laser using three different irradiation methods. The irradiation methods were spot irradiation, covering irradiation, and scanning irradiation according to different spot areas (0.07 cm2 or 1.96 cm2) and irradiation areas (0.35 cm2 or 1.96 cm2), respectively. The laser was applied three times at energy densities of 4 J/cm2. The cell proliferation by CCK-8. ALP activity assay, alizarin red, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to assess osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Increases in cell proliferation was obvious following irradiation, especially for covering irradiation. The ALP activity was significantly increased in irradiated groups compared with non-irradiated control. The level of mineralization was obviously improved following irradiation, particularly for covering irradiation. RT-PCR detected significantly higher expression of ALP, OPN, OCN, and RUNX-2 in the group covering than in the others, and control is the lowest. The presented results indicate that the biostimulative effects of LLLT on BMSCs was influenced by t he irradiation method, and the covering irradiation is more favorable method to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiwei Si
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - JinMeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - DeChun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - ShiQi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xintao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmadi F, Dalirsani Z, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Shafieian R. A Comparative Analysis of Photobiomodulation-Mediated Biological Effects of Single Versus Double Irradiation on Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:334-342. [PMID: 35559714 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In recent years, fractionated irradiation protocols, rather than a simple plan of exposure, have been proposed as a more effective method in the field of tissue regeneration. Thus, this study aimed at a comparative analysis of single versus double irradiation of an 808-nm diode laser, in terms of dental pulp stem cells' (DPSCs) viability and proliferation in vitro. Methods: Subcultured DPSCs were either irradiated, or not (control group), with energy densities of 3, 7, and 12 J·cm-2 in a single- or double-session manner (24 h apart). On 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postirradiation, cell viability and proliferation were evaluated through Trypan Blue and alamarBlue assays, respectively. Results: During the first 48 h postirradiation, the highest rates of DPSC proliferation were assigned to double irradiation at 3 or single exposure to 7 J⋅cm-2, with no cytotoxic effects on cell viability. Inversely, single irradiation at 12, or a double session of exposure to 7 or 12 J⋅cm-2, led to a significant descent in the rates of proliferation and cell viability. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, evidence suggests a positive impact on the biological responses of DPSCs following double session of exposure to lower energy densities as well as a single irradiation at a higher energy dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Dalirsani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Reyhaneh Shafieian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Etemadi A, Faghih A, Chiniforush N. Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy with Various Laser Wavelengths on Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:1182-1189. [PMID: 34970994 DOI: 10.1111/php.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several methods have been proposed to enhance the regeneration and healing time in periodontal therapy. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a recently suggested novel technique for this purpose. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of PBMT with various laser wavelengths and energy densities on proliferation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs). The wells containing PDLMSCs were subjected to laser irradiation at 635, 660, 808, and 980 nm wavelengths with 1, 1.5, 2.5 and 4 J/cm2 energy densities. Cell proliferation and viability were evaluated after 1, 3, and 5 days with the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. No significant difference was observed among the experimental and the control groups on day 1 (P>0.05). On day 3, 808 nm laser at 4 J/cm2 energy density and 980 nm laser at all densities had significant differences with control group. On day 5, the control group had significant differences in cell proliferation with 808 nm laser at 2.5 and 4 J/cm2 energy densities, and 980 nm laser at all densities. PBMT with 635, 660, 808, and 980 nm wavelengths increased the proliferation of PDLMSCs but the maximum cell viability was prominent after irradiation by 980 nm laser with energy density of 4 J/cm2 on day 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aramdokht Faghih
- Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gutiérrez D, Rouabhia M, Ortiz J, Gaviria D, Alfonso C, Muñoz A, Inostroza C. Low-Level Laser Irradiation Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation on Apical Papilla Stem Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e75. [PMID: 35155160 PMCID: PMC8837851 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to improve cell proliferation and differentiation. The stem cells derived from dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are a promising therapy because they are easily obtained from immature human teeth. The effect of LLLT over SCAPs is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the proliferation and osteogenic potential of the SCAPs stimulated with LLLT. Methods: SCAPs were isolated from the third molars of a healthy donor and characterized according to the minimum established criteria. SCAPs were cultured for 24 hours before being exposed to LLLT. Cells were exposed to different doses, energy, and wavelengths for selecting the irradiation parameters. SCAPs proliferation was evaluated with the MTT assay at 24 hours and 7-day post-laser exposure. VEGF and TGFβ2 expression were assessed with a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The osteogenic differentiation potential was analyzed with alizarin red staining, and the nodule quantification was performed by the relative optical density (ROD) analysis using ImageJ software. Results: The cells isolated from the apical papilla showed phenotype and stem cell properties. SCAPs irradiated with one dose at 6 J/m2 and 650 nm exhibited significantly higher proliferation (P>0.05) than the controls nonirradiated. LLLT stimulated SCAPs' expression of factors VEGF and TGFβ2. Also, SCAPs irradiated showed higher osteogenic activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: LLLT promotes proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and VEGF and TGFβ2 expression on SCAPs. LLLT is a practical approach for the preconditioning of SCAPs in vitro for future regenerative therapies. More studies are needed to determine the underlying molecular processes that determine the mechanism of the LLLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Gutiérrez
- Faculty of dentistry, Buccal Innovation research group, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Javiera Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Camilo Alfonso
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Group of Oral Health, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Faculty of Science, Cellular and Functional Biology and Biomolecule Engineering Research Group, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hemolife National Blood Bank Foundation
| | - Carolina Inostroza
- Center for Research and Biomedical Innovation (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sleep SL, Skelly D, Love RM, George R. Bioenergetics of photobiomodulated osteoblast mitochondrial cells derived from human pulp stem cells: systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1843-1853. [PMID: 34806122 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp cells are a source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with a high proliferation rate and multilineage differentiation potential. This study investigated the photobiomodulated bioenergetic effects of mitochondria in osteoblasts that differentiated from human pulp stem cells. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. The PICO question was formulated. Criteria for inclusion and exclusion were established prior to searches being performed on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus. Articles were identified and included if published in English within last 10 years; photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy were discussed; the delivery parameters for dose and time were included and the studies focused on bioenergetics of osteoblast mitochondria. Studies excluded were non-human dental pulp tissue and in vivo studies. A total number of 110 articles were collated, 106 were excluded leaving a total of 4 articles. These studies demonstrated that in vitro use of photobiomodulation was performed using different laser and LED types; InGaAlP; InGaN; and InGaAsP with average wavelengths of 630 to 940 nm. Primary human osteoblastic STRO-1 and mesenchymal stem cell lineages were studied. Three out of four articles confirmed positive bioenergetic effects of photobiomodulation on mitochondria of osteoblasts derived from human pulp cells. This systematic review demonstrated a lack of adequate reporting of bioenergetics of osteoblast mitochondria after photobiomodulation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Sleep
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Deanne Skelly
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M Love
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Roy George
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dawoud LE, Hegazy EM, Galhom RA, Youssef MM. Photobiomodulation therapy upregulates the growth kinetics and multilineage differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells-an in vitro Study. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1993-2003. [PMID: 34787763 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the impact of red LED irradiation on the viability, proliferation, colonogenic potential, markers expression along with osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. DPSCs were isolated from sound human permanent teeth using enzymatic digestion method and seeded with regular culture media. Cells at P4 were irradiated using red LED Light (627 nm, 2 J/cm2) and examined for growth kinetics, and multilineage differentiation using the appropriate differentiation media. The irradiated groups showed an increase in cellular growth rates, cell viability, clonogenic potential, and decrease in population doubling time compared to the control group. Cells of the irradiated groups showed enhanced differentiation towards osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages as revealed by histochemical staining using alizarin red and alcian blue stains. Photobiomodulation is an emerging promising element of tissue engineering triad besides stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lama E Dawoud
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41523, Egypt.
| | - Enas M Hegazy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41523, Egypt
| | - Rania A Galhom
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41523, Egypt
| | - Mervat M Youssef
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41523, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
M Abdelgawad L, Salah N, Sabry D, Abdelgwad M. Efficacy of Photobiomodulation and Vitamin D on Odontogenic Activity of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e30. [PMID: 34733753 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The regeneration of dental pulp tissue using human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Recent studies have suggested that several factors such as photobiomodulation (PBM) and vitamin D affect the proliferation and differentiation of HDPSCs. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of PBM and vitamin D on odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs for dentin -like tissue formation. Methods: HDPSCs were collected, isolated, and characterized and then divided into six groups: group I, control; group II, vitamin D (10-7 Mol); group III, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 of 810 nm diode laser; group IV, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D; group V, irradiation at 2 J/cm2, and group VI, irradiation at 2 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D, cell viability assay was measured through MTT. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were also assessed. Results: PBM at 1 and 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D significantly promoted HDPSCs proliferation through MTT assay and odontogenic differentiation through gene expression of VEGF, BMP-2, and DSPP levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: PBM at 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D enhanced the HDPSCs proliferation and odontogenic differentiation and thus could be a novel strategy for dentin regeneration in dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa M Abdelgawad
- Professor of Medical Laser Applications Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Salah
- Medical Laser Applications Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Professor of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abdelgwad
- Lecturer of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pinto H, Goñi Oliver P, Sánchez-Vizcaíno Mengual E. The Effect of Photobiomodulation on Human Mesenchymal Cells: A Literature Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:1826-1842. [PMID: 33616715 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is known to have the potential to induce angiogenesis. However, there are still some limitations regarding their clinical application. Photomodulation/photobiomodulation is non-invasive and non-toxic phototherapy able to stimulate cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, when the right irradiation parameters are applied. A review of the published articles on human conditioned-by-photobiomodulation mesenchymal cells in an in vitro set up was carried out. Our aim was to describe the studies' results and identify any possible tendency that might highlight the most suitable procedures. METHODS A search in English of the PubMed database was carried out with the search criteria: photobiomodulation or photoactivation or photomodulation, and mesenchymal cells. All irradiations applied in vitro, on human mesenchymal cells, with wavelengths ranged from 600 to 1000 nm. RESULTS The search yielded 42 original articles and five reviews. Finally, 37 articles were selected with a total of 43 procedures. Three procedures (7.0%) from 620 to 625 nm; 26 procedures (60.5%) from 625 to 740 nm; 13 procedures (30.2%) from 740 to 1000 nm; and one procedure (2.3%) with combinations of wavelengths. Of the 43 procedures, 14 assessed cell viability (n = 14/43, 32.6%); 34 cell proliferation (n = 34/43, 79.1%); 19 cell differentiation (n = 19/43, 44.2%); and three cell migration (n = 3/43, 7.0%). CONCLUSIONS Photobiomodulation is a promising technology that can impact on cell viability, differentiation, proliferation, or migration, leading to enhance its regenerative capacity. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Pinto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas i2e3, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Goñi Oliver
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas i2e3, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu N, Lu W, Qu X, Zhu C. LLLI promotes BMSC proliferation through circRNA_0001052/miR-124-3p. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:849-856. [PMID: 33884524 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a multifactorial bone disease that occurs worldwide. The treatment of OP is still unsatisfactory. Bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation is a key process in OP pathogenesis. Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) has been reported to regulate BMSC proliferation, but the role of circRNAs in the LLLI-based promotion of BMSC proliferation remains unclear. CircRNAs are essential molecular regulators that participate in numerous biological processes and have therapeutic potential. miR-124-3p is an essential microRNA (miRNA), and its expression changes are related to BMSC proliferation ability. In the present study, gain-loss function of experiments demonstrated that circRNA_0001052 could regulate the proliferation of BMSCs by acting as a miR-124-3p sponge through the Wnt4/β-catenin pathway. The results of this study strongly suggest that circRNA_0001052 plays an essential role in BMSC proliferation in response to LLLI treatment, which is a potential therapeutic manipulation with clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaowen Qu
- Laser Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 JinBi Road, Kunming, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Chongtao Zhu
- Laser Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 JinBi Road, Kunming, China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chaweewannakorn C, Santiwong P, Surarit R, Sritanaudomchai H, Chintavalakorn R. The effect of LED photobiomodulation on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells: in vitro. J World Fed Orthod 2021; 10:79-85. [PMID: 33888447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro. METHODS PDLSCs seeded on 96- and 24-well plates, for proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation, respectively, were irradiated daily by LED light with peak emission wavelengths of 630, 680, and 830 nm at constant energy densities of 3.5 J/cm2. Cultures were grown for 8 days for the proliferation assay, 10 days for the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and 28 days for Alizarin red staining. Mitochondrial activity, ALP enzyme level, and the ability to form calcium phosphate deposits were measured and compared across cultures. RESULTS Results obtained from statistical analysis of the experimental data indicated that the rate of proliferation (P < 0.05) in 830-nm irradiated cultures were significantly higher than the control samples at day 6 and 8; whereas, for the 630- and 680-nm groups, test results showed lower proliferation rates at day 8. For osteoblastic differentiation, significantly greater mineralization than the control samples was detected in the red-light groups (630 and 680 nm) during the late differentiation period (P < 0.001), which was supported by a higher ALP activity of the 630- and 680-nm groups in the early stage (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that the PDLSCs responded differently to specific LED wavelengths. For enhancing cellular proliferation, 830-nm LED irradiation was more effective. On the other hand, the wavelengths of 630 and 680 nm were better for stimulating osteoblastic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peerapong Santiwong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miranda JM, de Arruda JAA, Moreno LMM, Gaião WDC, do Nascimento SVB, Silva EVDS, da Silva MB, Rodrigues CG, de Albuquerque DS, Braz R, Pinheiro ALB, Gerbi MEMDM. Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:469-474. [PMID: 33425299 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Since photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) favors in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) preconditioning before MSC transplantation, increasing the proliferation of these cells without molecular injuries by conserving their characteristics, in the present in vitro study we analyzed the effect of PBMT on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Methods: Irradiation with an InGaAIP Laser (660 nm, 10 mW, 2.5 J/cm2 , 0.08 cm2 spot size, and 10 s) was carried out. The cells were divided into four groups: CONTROL [cells grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)], OSTEO (cells grown in an osteogenic medium); PBMT (cells grown in DMEM+PBMT), and OSTEO+PBMT (cells grown in an osteogenic medium plus PBMT). The cell proliferation curve was obtained over periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by the formation of calcium nodules over periods of 7, 14 and 21 days. Morphometric analysis was performed to quantify the total area of nodular calcification. Results: The highest cell proliferation and cell differentiation occurred in the OSTEO+PBMT group, followed by the PBMT, OSTEO and CONTROL groups respectively, at the observed times (P <0.05). Conclusion: PBMT enhanced the osteogenic proliferation and the differentiation of hUCMSCs during the periods tested, without causing damage to the cells and preserving their specific characteristics, a fact that may represent an innovative pretreatment in the application of stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Meirinhos Miranda
- Laser Center, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Marques Magalhães Moreno
- Laser Center, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Sinval Vinícius Barbosa do Nascimento
- Laser Center, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vinícius de Souza Silva
- Laser Center, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | - Márcia Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Diana Santana de Albuquerque
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | - Rodivan Braz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Marleny Elizabeth Marquez de Martinez Gerbi
- Laser Center, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wound Healing and Cell Dynamics Including Mesenchymal and Dental Pulp Stem Cells Induced by Photobiomodulation Therapy: An Example of Socket-Preserving Effects after Tooth Extraction in Rats and a Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186850. [PMID: 32961958 PMCID: PMC7555322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) are two types of laser treatment. According to recent clinical reports, PBMT promotes wound healing after trauma or surgery. In addition, basic research has revealed that cell differentiation, proliferation, and activity and subsequent tissue activation and wound healing can be promoted. However, many points remain unclear regarding the mechanisms for wound healing induced by PBMT. Therefore, in this review, we present an example from our study of HILT and PBMT irradiation of tooth extraction wounds using two types of lasers with different characteristics (diode laser and carbon dioxide laser). Then, the effects of PBMT on the wound healing of bone tissues are reviewed from histological, biochemical, and cytological perspectives on the basis of our own study of the extraction socket as well as studies by other researchers. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells including dental pulp stem cells, the theme of this Special Issue, and we discuss research that has been reported on its effect.
Collapse
|
18
|
Malthiery E, Chouaib B, Hernandez-Lopez AM, Martin M, Gergely C, Torres JH, Cuisinier FJ, Collart-Dutilleul PY. Effects of green light photobiomodulation on Dental Pulp Stem Cells: enhanced proliferation and improved wound healing by cytoskeleton reorganization and cell softening. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:437-445. [PMID: 32621128 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to improve cell proliferation and cell migration. Many cell types have been investigated, with most studies using deep penetrating red light irradiation. Considering the interest of surface biostimulation of oral mesenchymal cells after surgical wound, the present study aimed to assess green light irradiation effects on Dental Pulp Stem Cells' (DPSC) proliferation and migration. To understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, we investigated cytoskeleton organization and subsequent cell shape and stiffness. A 532-nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser (30 mW) was applied between 30 and 600 s on DPSC in vitro. Cell proliferation was analyzed at 24, 48, and 72 h after irradiation, by cell counting and enzymatic activity quantification (paranitrophenylphosphate phosphatase (pNPP) test). A wound healing assay was used to study cell migration after irradiation. Effects of PBM on cytoskeleton organization and cell shape were assessed by actin filaments staining. Elasticity changes after irradiation were quantified in terms of Young's modulus measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy. Green light significantly improved DPSC proliferation with a maximal effect obtained after 300-s irradiation (energy fluence 5 J/cm2). This irradiation had a significant impact on cell migration, improving wound healing after 24 h. These results were concomitant with a decrease of cells' Young's modulus after irradiation. This cell softening was explained by actin cytoskeleton reorganization, with diminution of cell circularity and more abundant pseudopodia. This study highlights the interest of green laser PMB for the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells, with encouraging results for clinical application, especially for surgical wound healing procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Malthiery
- LBN, University Montpellier, 545 Av Pr JL Viala, 34193 CEDEX 4, Montpellier, France
| | - Batoul Chouaib
- LBN, University Montpellier, 545 Av Pr JL Viala, 34193 CEDEX 4, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana María Hernandez-Lopez
- LBN, University Montpellier, 545 Av Pr JL Viala, 34193 CEDEX 4, Montpellier, France.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Marta Martin
- L2C, CNRS, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jacques-Henri Torres
- LBN, University Montpellier, 545 Av Pr JL Viala, 34193 CEDEX 4, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric J Cuisinier
- LBN, University Montpellier, 545 Av Pr JL Viala, 34193 CEDEX 4, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
İslam A, Özverel CS, Yilmaz HG. Comparative evaluation of low-level laser therapy on proliferation of long-term cryopreserved human dental pulp cells isolated from deciduous and permanent teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:421-427. [PMID: 32613417 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the proliferative effect of low-level laser therapy on long-term cryopreserved dental pulp stem cells (DPSCS) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDS). The DPSCS and SHEDS were divided into 2 main groups according to gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAIAs) diode laser irradiation densities as 5 J/cm2 and 7 J/cm2. Each main group was further divided into 4 groups according to laser irradiation periods as 0, 24, 48, 72 h groups. During the incubation periods, cells received laser irradiation in every 24 h according to their groups and were put into incubator after irradiation. Cell groups that were not subjected to laser irradiation were served as control groups. Viabilities of cells were determined via MTT assay at the end of all incubation periods, and data were statistically analyzed. Laser irradiation demonstrated significant effects on proliferation rate of DPSCs and SHEDs in comparison with control. Intragroup comparison data of DPSCS revealed that repetitive laser irradiation for long term (72 h) increased the cellular viability significantly in comparison with all other treatment groups; however, no significant differences were found when energy densities were compared within each time interval, except for 48 h group at which irradiation with 7 J/cm2 provided significantly higher cell viability rates of SHEDS. DPSCs showed significantly higher cellular viability than SHEDs only for the 7 J/cm2 energy density in 72 h. Longer term (72 h) repetitive laser irradiation with energy densities of 5 and 7 J/cm2 (wavelength of 980 nm) may be recommended to induce the proliferative effect on long-term cryopreserved DPSCS and SHEDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin İslam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cenk Serhan Özverel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hasan Guney Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kulkarni S, Meer M, George R. The effect of photobiomodulation on human dental pulp-derived stem cells: systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1889-1897. [PMID: 32572661 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review assessed if photobiomodulation of human dental pulp tissue improved cell viability, proliferation, and/or differentiation compared with a placebo. This systematic review was conducted in line with PRISMA. PICO question was established; inclusion and exclusion criteria were established before a search had begun. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Studies were included if published within the last 20 years in English language, or where translation was available; laser parameters were mentioned; human dental pulp tissue was studied in vitro. Studies were excluded if non-human dental pulp tissue was studied and where the study was an in vivo study. Out of the total 121 studies found, 109 were excluded. Of the twelve included studies, three full-text articles were not available despite attempts made to contact the respective authors, leaving nine studies. Four of the included studies reported the use of stem cells derived from human deciduous teeth (SHEDs), and five used those from human permanent teeth (DPSCs). Most included studies utilized InGaAlP laser with wavelengths 660 nm, and one study with 610 nm. Other types of lasers included LED InGaN, and GaAlAs. Out of all included studies, two had a moderate risk of bias, and the rest had a low risk of bias. All studies confirmed positive effects on proliferation. One study also found improved osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells derived from stem cells of deciduous teeth. After assessing SHEDs and DPSCs separately, it is found that photobiomodulation improved cell proliferation in both subgroups. Due to heterogeneity in design protocols and laser parameters, it was not possible to compare the studies together. However, this study indicated that cell viability and proliferation did improve with photobiomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kulkarni
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Corner Olsen Ave and Parklands Dr, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Meer
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Corner Olsen Ave and Parklands Dr, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Roy George
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Corner Olsen Ave and Parklands Dr, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Irradiation with blue light-emitting diode enhances osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1981-1988. [PMID: 32173788 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-energy blue LED irradiation on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). SCAPs were derived from human tooth root tips and were irradiated with 0 (control group), 1 J/cm2, 2 J/cm2, 3 J/cm2, or 4 J/cm2 blue light in osteogenic induction medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation activity was evaluated by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results of the MTT assay indicated that SCAPs in the LED groups exhibited a lower proliferation rate than those in the control group, and there were statistically differences between the 2 J/cm2, 3 J/cm2, and 4 J/cm2 groups and the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the ALP and alizarin red analyses showed that blue LED promoted osteogenic differentiation of the SCAPs. And 4 J/cm2 blue light upregulates the expression levels of the osteogenic/dentinogenic genes ALP, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and osteocalcin (OCN) in SCAPs. Our results confirmed that low-energy blue LED at 1 J/cm2, 2 J/cm2, 3 J/cm2, and 4 J/cm2 could inhibit the proliferation of SCAPs and promotes osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Further in vitro studies are required to explore the mechanisms of the effects by low-energy blue LED.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zaccara IM, Mestieri LB, Pilar EFS, Moreira MS, Grecca FS, Martins MD, Kopper PMP. Photobiomodulation therapy improves human dental pulp stem cell viability and migration in vitro associated to upregulation of histone acetylation. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:741-749. [PMID: 32095920 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the role of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on viability and migration of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its association to epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation. The hDPSCs were characterized and assigned into control and PBMT groups. For the PBMT, five laser irradiations at 6-h intervals were performed using a continuous-wave InGaAlP diode laser. Viability (MTT), migration (scratch), and histone acetylation H3 (H3K9ac immunofluorescence) were evaluated immediately after the last irradiation. PBMT significantly increased the viability (P = 0.004). Also, PBMT group showed significantly increased migration of cells in the wound compared to the control in 6 h (P = 0.002), 12 h (P = 0.014) and 18 h (P = 0.083) being faster than the control, which only finished the process at 24 h. PBMT induced epigenetic modifications in hDPSC due to increased histone acetylation (P = 0.001). PBMT increased viability and migration of hDPSCs, which are related with the upregulation of histone acetylation and could be considered a promising adjuvant therapy for regenerative endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana M Zaccara
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Mestieri
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Emily F S Pilar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria S Moreira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Ibirapuera University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S Grecca
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Manoela D Martins
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mirhosseini M, Shiari R, Esmaeili Motlagh P, Farivar S. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Photobiomodulation Effects on Neural Gene Expression in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:S30-S36. [PMID: 32021670 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Dental pulp cells, a unique source of ectomesenchymal pluripotent stem cells, are originated from the skull neural crest. They are considered as one ideal source of cells for the regenerative medicine applications. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a transparent fluid found in the brain and spinal cord, is enriched with electrolytes, proteins, and growth factors such as EGF, bFGF, BDNF, GDNF, and neuropeptides and can be utilized as a trigger in order to induce the neural differentiation. On the other hand, photobiomodulation (PBM), with the ability to prevent cell apoptosis, can induce cell proliferation by means of increasing the ATP synthesis in mitochondria and facilitating the secretion of the growth factors. In this research, we first aimed to isolate and culture the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and subsequently to investigate their potential for neural differentiation. Methods: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from the pulp tissues using an outgrowth method and subsequently cultured. In order to access the cells' differentiation potential, cells were firstly classified into four groups which were treated with CSF, gallium aluminum arsenide diode laser irradiation (808 nm; 30 mW power output) and a combination of both, while the fourth group was considered as the control. MTT assay was then used to examine the viability of cells following the treatments. After 4, 7, and 14 days the cell morphology in the treated groups was evaluated while RT-PCR was used in order to evaluate the Nestin and β-tubulinIII neural gene marker expressions. Results: It was shown that PBM has the ability to elevate the proliferation of DPSCs. Also, the differentiated morphology was obvious in the CSF treated group, especially on day 14 with the formation of three-dimensional (3D) structures. The results of gene expression analysis showed that on the fourth day of post-treatment, Nestin and β-tubulinIII gene expressions were reduced in all groups while a rising trend in their expression was observed subsequently on days 7 and 14. Conclusion: In accordance with previous studies, including functional and protein base researches, it has been demonstrated that CSF has a direct role in neural induction. Although past works have been significant, none of them shows a 3D structure. In this article, we investigated the dual effect of PBM and CSF. Initial results confirmed the upregulation of neural-related transcription factors. The 3D organization of the formed tissue could imply the initiation of organogenesis which has not been reported before. In sum, the dual effect of CSF and PBM has been shown to have the potential for contributing to the initiation of neurogenesis and organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mirhosseini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shiari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Esmaeili Motlagh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Luo Y, Lin X, Chen B, Wei X. Cell-laden four-dimensional bioprinting using near-infrared-triggered shape-morphing alginate/polydopamine bioinks. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045019. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab39c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
25
|
Zaccara IM, Jardine AP, Mestieri LB, Quintana RM, Jesus L, Moreira MS, Grecca FS, Martins MD, Kopper PMP. Influence of photobiomodulation therapy on root development of rat molars with open apex and pulp necrosis. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e084. [PMID: 31460610 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of photobiomodulation (PBM) in apexification and apexogenesis of necrotic rat molars with an open apex. Rat molars were exposed to the oral environment for 3 weeks. Canals were rinsed with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, filled with antibiotic paste and sealed. After 7 days, canals were rinsed and divided into six groups (n=6): mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); blood clot (BC); human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC); MTA+PBM; BC+PBM; and hDPSC+PBM. In hDPSC groups, a 1% agarose gel scaffold was used. Two groups were not exposed: healthy tooth+PBM (n = 6), healthy tooth (n = 3); and one was exposed throughout the experiment: necrotic tooth (n = 3). In PBM groups, irradiation was performed with aluminum gallium indium phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser for 30 days within 24-h intervals. After that, the specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Necrotic tooth showed greater neutrophil infiltrate (p < 0.05). Necrotic tooth, healthy tooth, and healthy tooth+PBM groups showed absence of a thin layer of fibrous condensation in the periapical area. All the other groups stimulated the formation of a thicker layer of fibers (p < 0.05). All groups formed more mineralized tissue than necrotic tooth (p < 0.05). PBM associated with MTA, BC, or hDPSC formed more mineralized tissue (p < 0.05). MTA+PBM induced apexification (p < 0.05). Rabbit polyclonal anti-bone sialoprotein (BSP) antibody confirmed the histological findings of mineralized tissue formation, and hDPSC groups exhibited higher percentage of BSP-positive cells. It can be concluded that PBM improved apexification and favored apexogenesis in necrotic rat molars with an open apex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Maria Zaccara
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Graduate program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Boldrin Mestieri
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Graduate program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Martins Quintana
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Graduate program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Jesus
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Graduate program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Graduate program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Graduate program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Graduate program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effect of single and multiple doses of low-level laser therapy on viability and proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1917-1924. [PMID: 31267320 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro whether the low-level laser (LLL) delivering fractionated total energy (multiple irradiation) or single irradiation stimulates regeneration-associated events (viability and proliferation) in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Cells received LLL irradiation (InGaAlP-660 nm), according to the following experimental groups: G1 (single irradiation 2.5 J/cm2, 10 mW, 10 s, 0.10 J), G2 (single irradiation 5.0 J/cm2, 10 mW, 20 s, 0.20 J), G3 (single irradiation 7.5 J/cm2, 10 mW, 30 s, 0.30 J), G4 (two irradiations 2.5 J/cm2, 10 mW, 10 s; total energy 0.20 J), G5 (three irradiations 2.5 J/cm2, 10 mW, 10 s; total energy 0.30 J), and G6 (non-irradiated). Cell viability was assessed by MTT and trypan blue exclusion (TBE) methods, while cell proliferation was evaluated by crystal violet (CV) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays after 24, 48, and 72 h after the first irradiation. By MTT, there was no difference between groups at 24 and 72 h. At 48 h, the groups subjected to multiple irradiation (G4 and G5) presented higher cell viability rates. The average percentages of viable cells for all groups by TBE method were 91.04%, 96.63%, and 97.48% at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. By CV, there was no significant difference between groups at 24 and 48 h; at 72 h, G2, G3, and G4 presented higher cell proliferation. By SRB, G1 and G4 presented lower proliferation rates in all the periods. When the groups presenting the same total energy were compared, G2 (0.20 J) presented lower cell viability rates and higher cell proliferation rates in comparison with G4; G3 (0.30 J) presented similar results to those of G5, with higher cell viability and proliferation. The application of laser delivering fractionated total energy (two or three applications of 2.5 J/cm2) induced higher cell viability at 48 h, while the single irradiation with 2.5 J/cm2 did not stimulate metabolic activity in such period and the proliferation over time. The 5.0 and 7.5 J/cm2 single doses and the three applications of 2.5 J/cm2 maintained cell viability and stimulated proliferation of SHED at 72 h.
Collapse
|
27
|
El Nawam H, El Backly R, Zaky A, Abdallah A. Low-level laser therapy affects dentinogenesis and angiogenesis of in vitro 3D cultures of dentin-pulp complex. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1689-1698. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
28
|
Paschalidou M, Athanasiadou E, Arapostathis K, Kotsanos N, Koidis PT, Bakopoulou A, Theocharidou A. Biological effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:167-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
29
|
Tunç H, Islam A, Kabadayı H, Vatansever HS, Çetiner S, Yilmaz HG. Evaluation of low-level diode laser irradiation and various irrigant solutions on the biological response of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 191:156-163. [PMID: 30640142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic effects and the apoptosis of Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser irradiation, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ozonated water and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Cells were exposed to EDTA (5%, 8.5%, 17%), NaOCl (1%, 2.5%, 5%) ozonated water (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) and GaAlAs diode laser irradiation (energy densities of 0.5, 1, 1.5 j/cm2). Culture medium included D-MEM, supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum, 1% l-glutamine, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% gentamycin, amphotericin-B and served as control group. The prepared irrigants were added to the relevant wells and incubated with the cells at 37 °C for 5, 10 and 15 min. The cells in the laser group were also incubated at 37 °C for 5, 10 and 15 min after the laser application. Cell viability and proliferation were analysed with the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of cell viability showed a significant reduction in all concentrations of the EDTA and NaOCl groups when compared to the control group, diode laser irradiation and ozonated water groups at 5th, 10th and 15th minutes respectively but high cytotoxic effects of all EDTA and NaOCl groups with decreased over 50% of cell viability were observed at the 15th minute. Also EDTA group with 17% concentration (17%E) presented the lowest survival rate on SHEDs with mean of 21.67% ± 6.101 at this time interval. The lowest toxic effects were observed at the 5th minutes compared to other time periods at experimental groups. For detection of apoptotic cells, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) method was performed. According to the MTT results, doses showed the highest toxicity (cell survival decreased over 50%) in each group were selected for TUNEL assay (17% EDTA; 1% NaOCl; 10 μg/ml Ozonated water; 1.5 j/cm2 diode laser irradiation). The significantly lowest percentages of TUNEL-positive cells were detected in ozonated water (10.67% ± 2.93) and diode laser irradiation (13.24% ± 7.61) compared to EDTA (39.89% ± 11.54) and NaOCl (31.15% ± 10.64) respectively. Also the difference between percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in EDTA and NaOCl groups was not significant. Synergistic combination of ozonated water and diode laser irradiation may be used in the disinfection step of necrotic root canals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Tunç
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Aylin Islam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kabadayı
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Celal Bayar University, Experimental Health Science Research Center, Near East University, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Serap Çetiner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Kyrenia University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Hasan Guney Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
da Silva PCS, Marques NP, Farina MT, Oliveira TM, Duque C, Marques NCT, Sakai VT. Laser treatment contributes to maintain membrane integrity in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (shed) under nutritional deficit. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:15-21. [PMID: 29980944 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of laser irradiation on the membrane integrity and viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) that were kept in serum starvation. Nutritional deficit was used to mimic the cellular stress conditions of SHED isolation for regenerative dental approaches, where laser therapy could be beneficial. SHED were cultured under serum starvation (MEMα + 1%FBS) for 1 or 24 h pre-irradiation (protocols A and B, respectively). Then, cells received low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 660 nm) at 2.5 J/cm2 (0.10 W; groups I and V), 5.0 J/cm2 (0.20 W; groups II and VI), 7.5 J/cm2 (0.30 W; groups III and VII), or remained non-irradiated (groups IV and VIII). During irradiation, cells were maintained in 1% FBS (groups I-IV) or 10% FBS (normal culture conditions; groups V-VIII). Membrane integrity was evaluated by quantifying lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (immediately after irradiation), and cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay (24, 48, and 72 h post-irradiation). Serum starvation did not alter LDH release by non-irradiated SHED, while LDH release decreased significantly in groups irradiated in 1% FBS (I and III), but not in groups irradiated in 10% FBS (V-VII), regardless the pre-irradiation conditions (protocols A/B). Cell viability was significantly higher 24 h after irradiation, in most protocol A groups. In contrast, cell viability remained mostly unaltered in protocol B groups. LLLT contributed to maintain membrane integrity in SHED subjected to nutritional deficit before and during irradiation with 0.10 or 0.30 W. Short serum starvation before irradiation improved SHED viability at 24 h post-irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Corrêa Silveira da Silva
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700., Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Nelson Pereira Marques
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700., Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Marcella Tassi Farina
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700., Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Thais Marchini Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Nádia Carolina Teixeira Marques
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700., Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivien Thiemy Sakai
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700., Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ginani F, Soares DM, Rocha HADO, Barboza CAG. Low-level laser irradiation promotes proliferation of cryopreserved adipose-derived stem cells. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2017; 15:334-338. [PMID: 29091156 PMCID: PMC5823048 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082017ao3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation on proliferation and viability of murine adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from inguinal fat pads of three mice, submitted to cryopreservation in fetal bovine serum with 10% dimethylsulfoxide for 30 days and then thawed and maintained in normal culture conditions. Culture cells were either irradiated or not (control) with an InGaAIP diode laser at zero and 48 hours, using two different energy densities (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2). Cell proliferation was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and MTT assay at intervals of zero, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the first laser application. Cell viability and apoptosis of previously cryopreserved cells submitted to laser therapy were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The Irradiated Groups (0.5 and 1.0J/cm2) showed an increased cell proliferation (p<0.05) when compared to the Control Group, however no significant difference between the two energy densities was observed. Flow cytometry revealed a percentage of viable cells higher than 99% in all groups. CONCLUSION Low-level laser irradiation has stimulatory effects on the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells previously submitted to cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ginani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Low-level laser irradiation induces in vitro proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:95-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
33
|
Vale KLD, Maria DA, Picoli LC, Deana AM, Mascaro MB, Ferrari RAM, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS. The Effects of Photobiomodulation Delivered by Light-Emitting Diode on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: A Study on the Relevance to Pluripotent Stem Cell Viability and Proliferation. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:659-665. [PMID: 28937927 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photobiomodulation (PBM) can modulate the proliferation of some types of stem cells. However, few reports have addressed the effects of PBM delivered by light-emitting diode (LED) on stem cells obtained from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PBM delivered by red LED (630 nm, 75 mW, 37 mW/cm2) with different radiant exposures on the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and senescence of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures were irradiated with LED (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 J/cm2). After 24 h, the cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential of the cultures were evaluated using flow cytometry. Nonirradiated cultures served as control. RESULTS Cultures irradiated with 16 J/cm2 had higher percentages of cells in the synthesis phase than control cultures (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found regarding the percentage of cells with viable mitochondria between irradiated and control cultures. No significant difference in cell senescence was found between control cultures and cultures irradiated with 2 or 16 J/cm2. CONCLUSIONS LED irradiation at 630 nm (37 mW/cm2, 75 mW) with radiant exposure of 16 J/cm2 was capable of inducing a proliferative response in stem cells from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth without affecting mitochondrial function or inducing senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Llanos do Vale
- 1 Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Post Graduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- 1 Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Post Graduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari
- 4 Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences Post Graduation Programs, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- 4 Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences Post Graduation Programs, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Almeida LDFDD, Basso FG, Turrioni APS, de-Souza-Costa CA, Hebling J. "Metabolism of Odontoblast-like cells submitted to transdentinal irradiation with blue and red LED". Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:258-264. [PMID: 28841473 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study evaluated the trans-dentinal effect of light emitting diodes (LEDs) irradiation on the metabolism of odontoblast-like cells. METHODS Seventy-two dentin discs (0.2mm thick) were obtained from human molar teeth. MDPC-23 cells (20,000 cells/disc) were seeded on the pulpal side of the discs using DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 12h, the culture medium was replaced with DMEM containing 0.5% FBS. After additional 12h, blue (455±10nm) or red (630±10nm) LEDs were used at irradiances of 80 and 40mW/cm2, respectively, to irradiate the occlusal side of the discs. The energy doses were fixed at 2 or 4J/cm2. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), total protein production and collagen synthesis were evaluated 72h after irradiation. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Red light promoted proliferative effects at the energy dose of 4J/cm2. Conversely, cell cultures irradiated with 2J/cm2 emitted by the blue light showed reduced viability. ALP production was stimulated by red light in comparison with blue light at 4J/cm2. Total protein production was reduced after exposure to blue light at 4J/cm2, while no effect was observed on collagen production. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation with red LED at 4J/cm2 bio-stimulated the viability of odontoblast-like cells, whilst blue light had unfavorable effects on the cellular metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Silveira Turrioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, João Naves de Ávila Avenue, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de-Souza-Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marques NCT, Neto NL, Prado MTO, Vitor LLR, Oliveira RC, Sakai VT, Santos CF, Machado MAAM, Oliveira TM. Effects of PBM in different energy densities and irradiance on maintaining cell viability and proliferation of pulp fibroblasts from human primary teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1621-1628. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
36
|
Effects of photobiomodulation therapy in dentoalveolar-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a review of literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41547-017-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
37
|
Photobiomodulation of Dental Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Review. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:500-508. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
38
|
Borzabadi-Farahani A. Effect of low-level laser irradiation on proliferation of human dental mesenchymal stem cells; a systemic review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2016; 162:577-582. [PMID: 27475781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Identification of factors that enhance the proliferation of human dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) is vital to facilitate tissue regeneration. The role of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on proliferation of human DMSCs has not been well established. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of LLLI on proliferation of human DMSCs when applied in-vitro. DATA SOURCES Electronic search of literature was conducted (2000-2016) on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Search terms included low-level light therapy, low-level laser irradiation, low-level light irradiation, LLLT, humans, adolescent, adult, cells, cultured, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cell, deciduous teeth, cell proliferation, adult stem cells, radiation, and proliferation. RESULTS The literature search identified 165 studies with 6 being eligible for inclusion; all used diode lasers; 5 studies used InGaAIP diode lasers; 4 used 660nm, and the other two applied 810nm or 980nm wavelength LLLI. The distance between the DMSCs and the laser spot ranged between 0.5mm to 2mm. The time intervals of cell proliferation analysis ranged from 0h to 7days after LLLI. After 660nm LLLI, an increase in the DMSC's proliferation was reported [DMSCs extracted from dental pulp of deciduous teeth (two irradiations, 3J/cm(2), 20mW was more effective than 40mW), adult teeth (two irradiations, 0.5 and 1.0J/cm(2), 30mW), and from adult periodontal ligament (two irradiations, 1.0J/cm(2) was more effective than 0.5J/cm(2), 30mW)]. Similarly, an increase in the proliferation of DMSCs extracted from dental pulp of adult teeth was reported after 810nm LLLI (7 irradiations in 7days, 0.1 and 0.2J/cm(2), 60mW) or 980nm LLLI (single irradiation, 3J/cm(2), 100mW). However, 660nm LLLI in one study did not increase the proliferation of DMSCs (single irradiation, energy densities of 0.05, 0.30, 7, and 42J/cm(2), 28mW). CONCLUSION There is limited evidence that in-vitro LLLI (660/810/980nm, with energy densities of 0.1-3J/cm(2)) increases the proliferation of DMSCs. Considering the limited evidence and their method heterogeneity it is difficult to reach a firm conclusion. Further research is necessary to identify the optimal characteristics of the LLLI setting (wave length, energy density, power output, frequency/duration of irradiations, distance between the cells and the laser spot/probe) to increase proliferation of DMSCs, and assess its impact on replicative senescence, as well as determine feasibility of the use in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Borzabadi-Farahani
- Orthodontics, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Univeristy of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, and Specialist Orthodontic Practice, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Turrioni AP, Basso FG, Montoro LA, Almeida LFD, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Transdentinal photobiostimulation of stem cells from human exfoliated primary teeth. Int Endod J 2016; 50:549-559. [PMID: 27238557 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of infrared light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). METHODOLOGY Exfoliated primary teeth were obtained (n = 3), and SHEDs obtained from the teeth were seeded on the pulpal surface of 0.2-mm-thick dentine discs produced from permanent molars. The cells were incubated for 24 h by placing the discs in plain Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). The DMEM was then replaced with new culture medium formulated for odontoblast differentiation. After 12 h in the second medium, SHEDs were irradiated through the dentine discs using an infrared LED (850 nm) with a power density of 80 mW cm-2 . Energy doses (EDs) delivered to the occlusal surface of the dentine discs were 0 (control), 2 and 4 J cm-2 (n = 6). Subsequent tests were performed 72 h after irradiation. These tests included cell viability (MTT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), total protein production (TP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as gene expression for ALP, Col I, DSPP and DMP-1. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney t-tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Both EDs (2 and 4 J cm-2 ) significantly increased cell viability and ALP activity. For TP, ALP and Col I gene expression, only the 4 J cm-2 group had significantly higher values compared to the control group. Cell morphology was not affected by irradiation. CONCLUSION Infrared LED irradiation was capable of biostimulating SHEDs through a 0.2 mm thickness of dentine, especially at the 4 J cm-2 level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Turrioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Uberlândia School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F G Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Montoro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F D Almeida
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Hebling
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|