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Liu X, Zeng R, Liu Y, Guo L, Zhang M, Zheng H, Wu Q, Ge Y, Lin T. Comparison of the 1064-nm picosecond laser with fractionated microlens array and 1565-nm non-ablative fractional laser for the treatment of enlarged pores: a randomized, split-face, controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:80. [PMID: 38396012 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This split-face randomized study compared the efficacy and safety between 1064-nm picosecond laser with fractionated microlens array (MLA) and 1565-nm nonablative fractional laser to treat enlarged pores. METHODS Participants with enlarged facial pores were enrolled and underwent three consecutive sessions at 2-week intervals with either a 1064-nm picosecond laser with MLA or a 1565-nm nonablative fractional laser. Images were captured at each visit. Objective (pore number) and subjective assessments, including patient self-evaluations and quartile improvement scales, were used to evaluate the treatment efficacy. The pain levels and adverse effects were recorded at each subsequent visit. RESULTS The participants were 3 men and 22 women with enlarged facial pores. At the initial and 2-month checkups after the last treatment, the pore numbers were significantly decreased bilaterally for both lasers. The respective quartile improvement scale scores for the 1064-nm picosecond and 1565-nm fractional lasers were 2.22 ± 1.06 and 2.14 ± 1.11, while those for patient self-assessment were 3.72 ± 0.74 and 3.68 ± 0.75. The pore number, quartile improvement scale score, and patients' self-assessments did not differ significantly between the two lasers. Treatment with the 1064-nm picosecond laser better reduced pain compared with the 1565-nm nonablative fractional laser (4.11 ± 1.33 vs. 4.83 ± 1.17). The occurrence of pigmentation did not differ significantly between the lasers. CONCLUSION Both the 1064-nm picosecond laser with MLA and the 1565-nm nonablative fractional laser are viable options for treating enlarged pores, and showed comparable respective efficacies; however, the former was less likely to cause hyperpigmentation and was better tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650021, No. 120 Guanghua Rd, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Department of dermatology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Huiying Zheng
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qiuju Wu
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yiping Ge
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of laser surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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Rhee YH, Park BC, Jung JY, Yoo SH, Mo JH, Chung PS. Effect of fractional picosecond laser therapy using a diffractive optical lens on histological tissue reaction. J COSMET LASER THER 2024; 26:54-60. [PMID: 39171933 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2024.2375384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fractional ablative resurfacing techniques are preferred treatments for facial rejuvenation of aged skin. This study was performed to investigate the cutaneous effects of using a fractional picosecond laser at 1064 nm with a diffractive lens. METHODS The penetration depth according to the location of the handpiece tip was evaluated using an acrylic panel. Laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB) and cutaneous damage were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining in guinea pigs. Collagen formation was evaluated using Victoria staining, Masson's trichrome (MT) staining, and immunohistochemical staining for collagen type III. RESULTS The penetration depth for LEVEL 1 was 499.98-935.23 μm (average: 668.75 ± 182.84 μm); the LIOB cavity area was 1664.17 ± 650.52 μm2. The penetration depth of LEVEL 2 was 257.12-287.38 μm (average: 269.77 ± 14.55 μm) with an LIOB cavity area of 1335.85 ± 214.41 μm2. At LEVEL 3, that was 36.17-53.69 μm (average: 52.15 ± 20.81 μm) and the LIOB cavity area was 1312.67 ± 1069.12 μm2. No epidermal tissue damage was observed and collagen formation was observed from day 14 under all conditions. CONCLUSION Diffractive optical element (DOE) lens arranged laser treatment system controlled the position of LIOB occurrence and an irradiating area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Park
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Jung
- Laseroptek, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hyuk Yoo
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Haykal D, Cartier H, Maire C, Mordon S. Picosecond lasers in cosmetic dermatology: where are we now? An overview of types and indications. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 39:8. [PMID: 38110831 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Q-switched lasers have undeniably revolutionized the field of laser dermatology since four decades ago. Just as the first-generation laser emits its photonic signal in a few nanoseconds, the picosecond laser delivers pulse widths of at least ten times shorter. These devices offer a powerful tool for treating a wide range of skin conditions with a minimal downtime for visible improvement. For the current study, a literature research was performed on the dermatological applications of picosecond laser. The literature searched on this topic between 1999 and 2023 accessible through various platforms produce a result of 62 articles. The included studies have discussed the application of picosecond laser technology in tattoo removal, treatment of epidermal and dermal pigmentation, and collagen remodeling. After sifting the data from the articles into tables, the results were discussed in detail. The study shows a lot of evidence towards the efficacy of picosecond laser, yet it draws attention to its downsides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diala Haykal
- Centre Laser Palaiseau, 49 Ter Rue de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | | | | | - Serge Mordon
- Hemerion Therapeutics, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Chen YT, Lin YJ, Chang CC, Liu PH, Huang YH, Shen JW, Lu ME, Chiang HM, Lin BS. The quantitative analysis of low-concentration (2%) ALA-PDT assisted with Q-switch 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for acne vulgaris treatment. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:236. [PMID: 37843672 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic (ALA-PDT) therapy (10-20%) has been widely applied for moderate-to-severe acne. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of non-ablative Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser-assisted ALA-PDT with low concentration (2%) on the treatment of acne vulgaris. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups. One group received combined therapy of 2% ALA-PDT and non-ablative Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser, and the other received only 2% ALA-PDT. Patients in each group had received 3-session treatments with 4-week intervals (week 0, 4, and 8). Sebum secretion, melanin index, erythema index, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were assessed at week 2, 8, 12, and 24. VISIA® skin image system score and global esthetic improvement scale (GAIS) were also evaluated. Twenty-four participants were enrolled and evenly randomized to two groups. Significant improvement in sebum secretion was noted in combined therapy group compared to the monotherapy group at week 12 (37.5% versus 16.3%), and the improvement would still be noted until week 24 (18.3% versus 17.4%). Combined group also showed more severe melanin index and erythema index after treatment. For VISIA® skin analysis, patients in combined group had better percentile ranking in porphyrins and red-light images. There were no significant differences in GAIS at the end of the follow-up between each group, whereas higher proportion of satisfaction was noted in combined group at week 2. With the assistance of laser, low concentrations (2%) of 5-ALA can provide effective phototoxic reactions in treating acne vulgaris. The satisfaction of patients is high with acceptable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsung Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jhen Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Cheng Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Aesthetic Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | - Jia-Wei Shen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-En Lu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyh Lin
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Choi J, Duc TM, Kim H, Hwang JK, Kang HW. Diffractive micro-lens array (DLA) for uniform and selective picosecond laser treatment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1992-2002. [PMID: 37206149 PMCID: PMC10191646 DOI: 10.1364/boe.488024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Picosecond Nd:YAG lasers using diffractive optical elements (DOE) and micro-lens arrays (MLA) have widely been used in dermatology for the treatment of pigmented lesions and skin rejuvenation. This study designed and developed a new optical element of diffractive micro-lens array (DLA) by combing the features of DOE and MLA in order to achieve uniform and selective laser treatment. Both optical simulation and beam profile measurement demonstrated that DLA created a square macro-beam consisting of multiple micro-beams in a uniform distribution. Histological analysis confirmed that the DLA-assisted laser treatment generated micro-injuries at various skin depths from the epidermal layer to the deep dermal layer (up to 1200 µm) by adjusting the focal depths while DOE showed shallow penetration depths and MLA created non-uniform micro-injury zones. The DLA-assisted picosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation can provide a potential benefit for pigment removal and skin rejuvenation via uniform and selective laser treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongman Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ta Minh Duc
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jewan Kaiser Hwang
- Mymirae Research Institute for Dermatologic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- TeCure, Inc., Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Marine-integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Liu C, Wu PJ, Chia SH, Sun CK, Liao YH. Characterization of picosecond laser-induced optical breakdown using harmonic generation microscopy. Lasers Surg Med 2023. [PMID: 37051896 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES By creating microinjuries usually confined to the epidermis, a fractional picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser that delivers an array of highly focused beamlets can be effectively used for facial rejuvenation or resurfacing. However, the mechanism of dermal remodeling underlying this nonablative treatment remains unclear. METHODS Five participants having skin phototype III-IV were recruited for intervention using a fractional picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser system equipped with a holographic diffractive beam-splitting optic. The laser-induced histopathological changes on human skin were examined in vivo using a harmonic generation microscopy (HGM), visualizing second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) contrasts dichromatically. SHG refers for collagen distribution, while THG represents for epidermal components in the HGM signal. RESULTS Histological hematoxylin and eosin staining and in vivo HGM imaging studies revealed the presence of epidermal vacuoles below the stratum granulosum along with keratinocyte degeneration or cytolysis. In addition to the epidermal vacuoles, HGM imaging exclusively demonstrated laser-induced shock wave propagation arranged as a THG-bright concentric pattern in the epidermis and loss of SHG signals in the papillary dermis immediately beneath the epidermal vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS Alongside generating epidermal vacuoles, the fractional picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser induced collagen changes. These collagen changes may lead to dermal remodeling and neocollagenesis underlying the fractional picosecond laser treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Liu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jhe Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chia
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhou Y, Hamblin MR, Wen X. An update on fractional picosecond laser treatment: histology and clinical applications. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:45. [PMID: 36658259 PMCID: PMC9852188 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Picosecond lasers have a very short pulse duration and a high peak power density. When fractional optical delivery systems are attached to picosecond lasers, they generate an array of concentrated microspots with a high fluence surrounded by areas with a low fluence. This article discusses the histologic characteristics and clinical applications of fractional picosecond laser treatment. Fractional picosecond laser produces laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) and laser-induced cavitation (LIC) in the epidermis and dermis respectively, and can encourage skin regeneration and dermal remodeling. It has been shown that fractional picosecond laser has a positive effect on facial photoaging, enlarged facial pores, dyspigmentation, wrinkles, and atrophic scars. Further research is still needed to confirm the benefits of fractional picosecond lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lee WR, Hsiao CY, Chang ZY, Wang PW, Aljuffali IA, Lin JY, Fang JY. Cutaneous Delivery of Cosmeceutical Peptides Enhanced by Picosecond- and Nanosecond-Domain Nd:YAG Lasers with Quick Recovery of the Skin Barrier Function: Comparison with Microsecond-Domain Ablative Lasers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020450. [PMID: 35214181 PMCID: PMC8880571 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Picosecond or nanosecond-domain non-ablative lasers generate faster photothermal effects and cause less injury than microsecond lasers. In this study, we investigated the enhancing effect of 1064 nm picosecond- and nanosecond-domain neodymium (Nd):yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG) lasers on the cutaneous delivery of cosmeceutical peptides. Microsecond-domain fractional ablative CO2 and fully ablative erbium (Er):YAG lasers were also used for comparison. In the Franz diffusion cell study, pig or mouse skin was treated with a laser before exposure to palmitoyl tripeptide (PT)-1, PT-38, and copper tripeptide (CT)-1 at a concentration of 150 μM. Psoriasiform, atopic dermatitis (AD)-like, and photoaged skins were also developed as permeation barriers. The non-ablative laser elicited the ultrastructural disruption of the stratum corneum and epidermal vacuolation. All laser modalities significantly increased the skin permeation of peptides in vitro. The non-ablative laser chiefly enhanced peptide delivery to the receptor compartment, whereas the ablative laser mainly increased the intracutaneous peptide deposition. The picosecond- and nanosecond-domain Nd:YAG lasers elevated the amount of PT-1 in the receptor up to 40- and 22-fold compared with untreated skin, respectively. Laser treatment promoted peptide delivery in barrier-deficient and inflamed skins, although this enhancement effect was less than that observed in healthy skin. Fluorescence microscopy indicated the capability of the non-ablative laser to deliver peptides to deeper skin strata. The ablative laser confined the peptide distribution in the epidermis. Confocal microscopy showed that peptides penetrated the skin along the microdots created by the fractional Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers. The skin barrier function determined by transepidermal water loss suggested quick recovery when using a nanosecond-domain laser (within 4 h). A longer period was needed for the skin treated with the fully ablative Er:YAG laser (76–84 h). Nanosecond non-ablative laser-facilitated peptide delivery may become an efficient and safe approach for cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ruoh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ibrahim A. Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jie-Yu Lin
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Histology changes of in vivo human skin after treatment with fractional 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser in different energy settings. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:2087-2092. [PMID: 34657214 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liu J, Han C, Feng X, Liang J, Qu Y. Effective Picosecond Nd:YAG laser on seborrheic dermatitis and its mechanism. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:2449-2457. [PMID: 34496116 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Picosecond Nd:YAG laser has advantages in skin rejuvenation, which has little damage to surrounding tissues due to the ultra-short pulse width. We perform clinical application of Picosecond Nd:YAG laser's tender skin mode, which could improve the seborrheic dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three subjects with facial seborrheic dermatitis are randomized to be control and observation groups. Records regarding skin subjective improvement, skin barrier function-related data, skin microbial status, and dermoscopy detection of the two patient groups before and after treatments are investigated. RESULTS Improvements of erythema and scales in observation group are significant compared with controls (p < 0.05). In terms of skin barrier function, there are significant changes regarding transepidermal water loss and epidermal seborrhea content in observation group after the laser treatments. Skin microbial state, pityrosporum furfur, and Demodex significantly decrement in observation group. Microscopical findings of infiltration mode advise that scales and capillary congestion and dilatation are significantly improved in observation group. Compared with controls, epidermal gloss increases, pore fineness improves, and capillary density decreases in the observation group. CONCLUSIONS Picosecond Nd:YAG laser could efficiently decrease erythema area and seborrheic dermatitis scales and reduce pruritus incidence. The sebaceous gland secretion of seborrhea and multiplying of epidermal parasitic microbiological are inhibited after laser treatment. Less epidermal seborrhea content and inflammation are induced by parasitic microbiology, which is helpful for skin barrier function and microvascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Laishan Branch, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyu Han
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xien Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jinning Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Zhang M, Huang Y, Wu Q, Lin T, Gong X, Chen H, Wang Y. Comparison of 1064-nm and Dual-Wavelength (532/1064-nm) Picosecond-Domain Nd:YAG Lasers in the Treatment of Facial Photoaging: A Randomized Controlled Split-Face Study. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1158-1165. [PMID: 33783878 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of 1064-nm and dual-wavelength (532/1064 nm) picosecond Nd:YAG lasers with a holographic optic in the treatment of facial photoaging. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized split-face study, each half of each participant's face was randomly treated with a 1064-nm or 532/1064-nm picosecond laser. All participants underwent five treatment sessions and follow-up visits 1 and 3 months after the final treatment. The primary outcomes were measured as the global photoaging scores, determined by two physicians who were blinded to the treatments. The secondary outcomes were the participant-assessed Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and satisfaction scores. Histopathological examinations were performed. RESULTS Global photoaging scores decreased significantly after treatment with either laser. The global photoaging scores, GAIS scores, and satisfaction scores did not differ significantly between the 1064-nm and 532/1064-nm picosecond laser treatments. Histological changes were similar between the two groups. Intraepidermal vacuoles and dermal hemorrhaging were observed immediately and 24 h after treatment. After five treatments, neocollagenesis was observed in the upper dermis of both groups, and elastic fibers were more elongated and orderly. CONCLUSIONS Treatments with 1064-nm and 532/1064-nm picosecond Nd:YAG lasers were comparably effective at improving photodamaged facial skin by remodeling the collagen and elastin network through laser-induced optical degradation and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhang
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Qiuju Wu
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Xiangdong Gong
- Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Epidemiology, Hospital of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hospital of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
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12
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O Connor K, Cho SB, Chung HJ. Wound Healing Profile After 1064- and 532-nm Picosecond Lasers With Microlens Array of In Vivo Human Skin. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1059-1064. [PMID: 33644902 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to histologically characterize the wound healing process of in vivo human skin treated with 1064- and 532-nm microlens array (MLA)-type picosecond lasers. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Three patients (Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV), who were undergoing future cosmetic abdominoplasties, were treated with 1064- and 532-nm MLA-type lasers under different fluence settings. Treatments were performed 2 weeks, 1 week, and immediately prior to surgery. Skin samples were harvested from the resected tissue with 8 mm punch biopsies immediately after the abdominoplasties were performed. RESULTS The study demonstrates that intraepidermal vacuoles, created from tissue damage induced by the laser, are histologically resolved within 1 week without persistent damage to the dermoepidermal junction or vasculature. After 2 weeks, all foci of microscopic epidermal necrotic debris had either resolved or migrated to more superficial levels in the stratum corneum. There was no evidence of persistent vascular damage, increased melanophages, or accumulation of melanin in the dermis at 2 weeks. Furthermore, the 1064-nm picosecond laser with the high fluence setting demonstrated the capacity to fractionally ablate the epidermis and induce multifocal fibrosis in the papillary dermis in lighter skin types. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate the wound healing profile of in vivo human skin after treatment with the picosecond 1064- and 532-nm MLA-type lasers. It shows that laser-induced tissue damage is histologically resolved within 2 weeks, clinically reflecting a favorable safety profile and short downtime. The study also shows that the picosecond laser can be used to induce either fractional ablative or non-ablative effects, depending on the fluence settings used. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly O Connor
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sung Bin Cho
- Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
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13
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Zhang M, Guan Y, Huang Y, Zhang E, Lin T, Wu Q. Histological Characteristics of Skin Treated With a Fractionated 1064-nm Nd: YAG Picosecond Laser With Holographic Optics. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1073-1079. [PMID: 33565087 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Picosecond lasers (PSL) constitute a significant technological advancement and exert rejuvenating effects upon the skin. This study was conducted to investigate changes in the skin upon treatment with the fractionated 1064-nm Nd: YAG PSL through in vivo and ex vivo human histological analysis. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo back skin specimens were treated with a fractionated 1064-nm PSL at 1.3, 2.1, and 2.9 mJ fluence for two passes, and 2.9 mJ for 10 passes, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Ex vivo foreskin specimens after circumcision surgery were treated with a PSL at 1.3, 2.1, and 2.9 mJ fluence for two and 10 passes, followed by H&E staining. Ex vivo skin tissue sections treated with a PSL at 2.9 mJ fluence for 10 passes were also immunostained for Melan-A and CD31. RESULTS Intraepidermal vacuoles were observed, along with pigment accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the vacuoles at 24 hours after PSL treatment in the in vivo skin specimens. The vacuoles expanded as the fluence increased. Numerous intraepidermal vacuoles were observed, with dermal hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration upon high-fluence, multi-pass PSL treatment in the in vivo skin specimens. PSL treatment yielded both epidermal and dermal vacuoles in ex vivo skin specimens. Melan-A-positive cells were seen in the cystic wall of vacuoles in the epidermal basal layer, whereas CD31-positive cells were detected in the cystic wall of some dermal vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS The fractionated 1064-nm PSL produced epidermal vacuoles and dermal lesions, with histological differences between the in vivo and ex vivo skin specimens. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhang
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Yang Guan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Buxin Road 2021, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Erjia Zhang
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Qiuju Wu
- Department of Cosmetic Laser Surgery, Hospital for Skin Disease, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Jiangwangmiao Street 12, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
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14
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Wu DC, Goldman MP, Wat H, Chan HHL. A Systematic Review of Picosecond Laser in Dermatology: Evidence and Recommendations. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:9-49. [PMID: 32282094 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The use of picosecond laser in dermatology was originally focused on optimizing the removal of unwanted tattoos. Subsequent advances in this technology have broadened its clinical indications to include treatment of benign pigmented lesions, photodamage, melasma, and scar revision. In this systematic review, evidence-based recommendations are developed for the use of picosecond laser in dermatology. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of the English language literature was performed up to and including November 2019. Relevant citations were individually evaluated, synthesized, and categorized based on the Level of Evidence. With the addition of the authors' combined clinical experience, clinical recommendations were developed. RESULTS After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 77 unique studies were evaluated. Treatment of benign pigmented lesions was associated with level I-IV evidence; rejuvenation was associated with level II evidence; melasma was associated with level II evidence; scar revision was associated with level II-III evidence; tattoo removal was associated with level I evidence. CONCLUSION Picosecond laser is a safe and effective treatment modality for an increasing range of dermatologic indications. Further development of this technology is warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Wu
- Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, 9339 Genesee Avenue, Suite 300, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - Mitchel P Goldman
- Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, 9339 Genesee Avenue, Suite 300, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - Heidi Wat
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Henry H L Chan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
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15
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Kim HK, Kim HJ, Hong JY, Park J, Lee HC, Lyu H, Cho SB. Interactive tissue reactions of 1064-nm focused picosecond-domain laser and dermal cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid treatment in in vivo rat skin. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:683-689. [PMID: 32180275 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picosecond-domain laser treatment using a microlens array (MLA) or a diffractive optical element (DOE) generates micro-injury zones in the epidermis and upper dermis. OBJECTIVE To investigate interactive tissue reactions between MLA-type picosecond laser pulses and cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid (CPMHA) filler in the dermis. METHODS In vivo rats with or without CPMHA pretreatment were treated with a 1064-nm picosecond-domain neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser using an MLA or DOE. Skin samples were obtained at post-treatment days 1, 10, and 21 and histologically and immunohistochemically analyzed. RESULTS Picosecond-domain Nd:YAG laser treatment with an MLA-type or a DOE-type handpiece generated fractionated zones of pseudo-cystic cavitation along the lower epidermis and/or upper papillary dermis at Day 1. At Day 21, epidermal thickness, dermal fibroblasts, and collagen fibers had increased. Compared to CPMHA-untreated rats, rats pretreated with CPMHA showed marked increases in fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the papillary dermis. Immunohistochemical staining for the hyaluronic acid receptor CD44 revealed that MLA-type picosecond laser treatment upregulated CD44 expression in the basilar epidermis and dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the hyaluronic acid-rich environment associated with CPMHA treatment may enhance MLA-type picosecond-domain laser-induced tissue reactions in the epidermis and upper dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Yeon Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | | | - Herin Lyu
- R&D Center, Lutronic Corporation, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Bin Cho
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Yang CS, Huang YL, Cheng CY, Hu S, Chang SL, Lee MC. A Prospective Study of Fractionated Dual-Wavelength Picosecond Laser in Treating Acne Scar. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:735-742. [PMID: 31960996 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The picosecond (PICO) laser has been a new and promising device. But, so far, there have not been many prospective studies investigating the efficacy in acne scar treatment. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the dual-wavelength picosecond laser in the treatment of acne scar. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 patients with skin type III-IV were enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients completed the study. All patients completed six treatment sessions within a 1-month interval. All patients were treated using both 532 and 1,064 nm fractionated dual-wavelength picosecond handpieces. In evaluation, Goodman and Baron's quantitative global acne scarring grading system (GSS) was scored by two physicians. Patients also judged the results themselves by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and pain score. RESULTS The average baseline score of GSS quantity and quality were 15.22 and 3.00, respectively. The final scores were 10.61 and 2.33. The average baseline of patient VAS score was 4.28. The final score was 2.00. All scores achieved statistical significance (P < 0.05). No serious long-term side effects were recorded. CONCLUSION Acne scar treatment with the fractionated dual-wavelength picosecond laser has shown both efficacy and safety in this study. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Sheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Chang Gung Clinic, 4F., No. 9, Ln. 130, Sec. 3, Minsheng E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City 105, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Li Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Chang Gung Clinic, 4F., No. 9, Ln. 130, Sec. 3, Minsheng E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City 105, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Chang Gung Clinic, 4F., No. 9, Ln. 130, Sec. 3, Minsheng E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City 105, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Sindy Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Chang Gung Clinic, 4F., No. 9, Ln. 130, Sec. 3, Minsheng E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City 105, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Xiafei Rd., Haicang Dist., Xiamen, China
| | - Shyue-Luen Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Chang Gung Clinic, 4F., No. 9, Ln. 130, Sec. 3, Minsheng E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City 105, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ching Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dinghu Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Chang Gung Clinic, 4F., No. 9, Ln. 130, Sec. 3, Minsheng E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City 105, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Xiafei Rd., Haicang Dist., Xiamen, China
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17
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Hwang C, Chen C. Serial change in laser‐induced optical breakdown by 1064‐nm Nd:
YAG
picosecond laser. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 36:63-64. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chian‐Yaw Hwang
- Yawen Dermatology Clinic Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih‐Chiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
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