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Malavazzi TCDS, Andreo L, Martinelli A, Rodrigues MFSD, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS, Nunes FD, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Preventive and therapeutic vascular photobiomodulation decreases the inflammatory markers and enhances the muscle repair process in an animal model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112921. [PMID: 38714002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has shown positive effects when applied locally to modulate the inflammatory process and facilitate muscle repair. However, the available literature on the mechanisms of action of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM), a non-invasive method of vascular irradiation, specifically in the context of local muscle repair, is limited. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) using a low-level laser (LLL) on the inflammatory response and the process of skeletal muscle repair whether administered prior to or following cryoinjury-induced acute muscle damage in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Wistar rats (n = 85) were organized into the following experimental groups: (1) Control (n = 5); (2) Non-Injury + VPBM (n = 20); (3) Injured (n = 20); (4) Pre-VPBM + Injury (n = 20); (5) Injury + Post-VPBM (n = 20). VPBM was administered over the vein/artery at the base of the animals' tails (wavelength: 780 nm; power: 40 mW; application area: 0.04 cm2; energy density: 80 J/cm2). Euthanasia of the animals was carried out at 1, 2, 5, and 7 days after inducing the injuries. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were collected for both qualitative and quantitative histological analysis using H&E staining and for assessing protein expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 via ELISA. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using an automatic hematological analyzer and a leukocyte differential counter. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA/Tukey). The results revealed that applying VPBM prior to injury led to an increase in circulating neutrophils (granulocytes) after 1 day and a subsequent increase in monocytes after 2 and 5 days, compared to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Injured groups. Notably, an increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration was observed in the Non-Injury + VPBM group on days 1 and 2 in comparison to the Injured group. In terms of histological aspects, only the Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells after 1, 5, and 7 days, along with an increase in blood vessels at 5 days. Both the Prior VPBM + Injured and Injured + VPBM after groups displayed a decrease in myonecrosis at 1, 2, and 7 days, an increase in newly-formed and immature fibers after 5 and 7 days, and neovascularization after 1, 2, and 7 days. Regarding protein expression, there was an increase in MCP-1 after 1 and 5 days, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β after 1, 2, and 5 days in the Injured + VPBM after group when compared to the other experimental groups. The Prior VPBM + Injured group exhibited increased MCP-1 production after 2 days, in comparison to the Non-Injury + VPBM and Control groups. Notably, on day 7, the Injured group continued to show elevated MCP-1 protein expression when compared to the VPBM groups. In conclusion, VPBM effectively modulated hematological parameters, circulating leukocytes, the protein expression of the chemokine MCP-1, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, ultimately influencing the inflammatory process. This modulation resulted in a reduction of myonecrosis, restoration of tissue architecture, increased formation of newly and immature muscle fibers, and enhanced neovascularization, with more pronounced effects when VPBM was applied prior to the muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Caroline Dos Santos Malavazzi
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Lucas Andreo
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Andreia Martinelli
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOUSP), Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine-Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, Liberdade, Sao Paulo, SP 01504-001, Brazil.
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Rajizadeh MA, Khoramipour K, Joukar S, Darvishzadeh-Mahani F, Iranpour M, Bejeshk MA, Zaboli MD. Lung molecular and histological changes in type 2 diabetic rats and its improvement by high-intensity interval training. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38233819 PMCID: PMC10792831 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to serious respiratory problems. This study investigated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced lung injuries at histopathological and molecular levels. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control (CTL), Diabetes (Db), exercise (Ex), and Diabetes + exercise (Db + Ex) groups. T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Rats in Ex and Db + Ex performed HIIT for eight weeks. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), BAX, Bcl2, Lecithin, Sphingomyelin (SPM) and Surfactant protein D (SPD) levels were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured in lung tissue. Lung histopathological alterations were assessed by using H&E and trichrome mason staining. RESULTS Diabetes was significantly associated with imbalance in pro/anti-inflammatory, pro/anti-apoptosis and redox systems, and reduced the SPD, lecithin sphingomyelin and alveolar number. Performing HIIT by diabetic animals increased Bcl2 (P < 0.05) and IL10 (P < 0.01) levels as well as surfactants components and TAC (P < 0.05) but decreased fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001), TNFα (P < 0.05), BAX (P < 0.05) and BAX/Bcl2 (P < 0.001) levels as well as MDA (P < 0.01) and MDA/TAC (P < 0.01) compared to the diabetic group. Furthermore, lung injury and fibrosis scores were increased by T2D and recovered in presence of HIIT. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the attenuating effect of HIIT on diabetic lung injury mediated by reducing blood sugar, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as well as improving pulmonary surfactants components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Darvishzadeh-Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Doustaki Zaboli
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Dos Santos Malavazzi TC, Fernandes KPS, Lopez TCC, Rodrigues MFSD, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Effects of the invasive and non-invasive systemic photobiomodulation using low-level laser in experimental models: A systematic review. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:137. [PMID: 37318623 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Systemic photobiomodulation (PBM) of the blood or over blood vessels has been associated with bio-stimulating, vasodilating, and anti-inflammatory properties. This treatment modality has been used for modulating inflammatory processes, tissue repair, atherosclerosis, and systemic arterial hypertension, and is described more often in clinical studies than experimental models. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to conduct a literature review regarding the effect of systemic PBM involving the intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) or non-invasive vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) using low-level laser (LLL) in experimental (animal) models. The PubMed/MEDLINE®, Scopus, SPIE Digital Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles on the use of VPBM with LLL in animal models. Nine original articles met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated. The variables of interest were the dosimetric laser parameters, different methods for delivering energy, and the main results. The use laser in the red spectrum was more prevalent and VPBM (non-invasive) predominated over ILIB (invasive). No standardization was found in the dosimetric parameters. However, the studies showed the positive effects of VPBM on arterial pressure and blood circulation, the positive effects of ILIB on blood composition and hematological markers, as well as positive effects of both forms of systemic PBM (ILIB and VPBM) on the tissue repair process. In conclusion, the studies evaluated in the present review showed that the use of systemic PBM with ILIB or non-invasive VPBM induced positive effects, modulating metabolic conditions and tissue repair. However, there is a need for standardization in the dosimetric parameters for the different conditions and processes evaluated using experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Caroline Dos Santos Malavazzi
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Talita Christine Camilo Lopez
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Setubal Destro Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), 235/249 Vergueiro Street, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, 01525-000, Brazil.
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Liu W, Wang X, Ren J, Zheng C, Wu H, Meng F, Ling K, Qi X, Zhou M, Wang Y, Gu R, Han L, Zhang Y. Preparation, characterization, identification, and antioxidant properties of fermented acaí (
Euterpe oleracea
). Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Ying Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing College of Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Dong Zheng
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Han‐Shuo Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Fan‐Tong Meng
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kong Ling
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu‐Yu Qi
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Rui‐Zeng Gu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Lu‐Jia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for Agro Biomass Recycling & Valorizing College of Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Jiu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd. Beijing People's Republic of China
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Lopez TCC, Malavazzi TCDS, Rodrigues MFSD, Bach EE, Silva DT, Hi EMB, França CM, Bussadori SK, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Fernandes KPS. Histological and biochemical effects of preventive and therapeutic vascular photobiomodulation on rat muscle injury. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100271. [PMID: 34978386 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intravascular or transcutaneous application of photobiomodulation (PBM) over blood vessels (vascular photobiomodulation, VPBM) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory and chronic conditions with promising systemic results. This study evaluated the VPBM effects on a model of muscle regeneration after acute injury and compared the outcomes of preventive and therapeutic VPBM. Transcutaneous VPBM was administered over the rat's main tail vein. Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate were evaluated and muscles were processed for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Preventive and therapeutic VPBM led to decreased inflammatory infiltrate, edema, and myonecrosis but with an increase in immature muscle fibers. CK, AST, and lactate levels were lower in the groups treated with VPBM (lowest concentrations in preventive VPBM application). Preventive and therapeutic VPBM were capable of exerting a positive effect on acute muscle injury repair, with more accentuated results when preventive VPBM was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Christine Camillo Lopez
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Teixeira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Matias Bach Hi
- Experimental Biochemistry Academic Nucleum (NABEX), UNILUS (Centro Universitário Lusiada), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Miranda França
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Antivirale Photodynamische Therapie bei Covid-19: Ein neuer Ansatz zur Behandlung in frühen Krankheitsstadien. AKUPUNKTUR & AURIKULOMEDIZIN 2021. [PMCID: PMC7986140 DOI: 10.1007/s15009-021-5701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aufgrund der weiterhin akuten Covid-19-Pandemie wurde in der hier präsentierten Studie untersucht, ob die Photodynamische Therapie (PDT) mit Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) und einem speziell entwickelten Laser/LED-Behandlungsset eingesetzt werden kann, um an Covid-19 erkrankte Patienten in frühen Krankheitsstadien therapieren zu können. Alle 20 Patienten in der Versuchsgruppe zeigten innerhalb der 5 Tage der PDT-Behandlung eine signifikante Verbesserung der klinischen Symptome sowie eine Reduktion der Viruslast. 14 von 20 Patienten hatten bereits nach 5 Tagen der Behandlung mit PDT einen negativen QPCR-Test, während die anderen 6 Patienten ebenfalls eine signifikant reduzierte Viruslast aufwiesen. 20 Patienten in der Kontrollgruppe mit konventioneller Versorgung wurden innerhalb von 5 Tagen 3-mal getestet und es konnte keine signifikante Verbesserung festgestellt werden, weder klinisch noch bei der Beurteilung der Viruslast. Die angewandte Behandlung ist einfach zu Hause durchführbar und kosteneffektiv. Sie kann zur Vorbeugung nach Kontakt mit infizierten Personen oder bei positivem Test, aber auch in frühen Fällen mit leichten bis mittelschweren klinischen Symptomen eingesetzt werden.
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Amjadi A, Mirmiranpor H, Khandani S, Sobhani SO, Shafaee Y. Intravenous Laser Wavelength Irradiation Effect on Interleukins: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL6 in Diabetic Rats. Laser Ther 2019; 28:267-273. [PMID: 32255918 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.19-or-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims The main purpose of this investigation in Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on diabetic rats is laser wavelength effect on interleukins: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL6. Materials Subjects and Methods At first, diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Then, by intravenous laser therapy, the rats were irradiated by four continuous wave lasers: IR (λ = 808 nm), Red (λ = 638 nm), Green (λ = 532 nm) and Blue (λ= 450 nm) to compare the related laser wavelength effect on different interleukins. The inflammatory parameters were measured 2,6 and 24 hours after laser therapy from blood samples and plotted for different laser wavelengths. Results The results show a decrease in all the above parameters by different laser irradiation in comparison to non-radiated diabetic control ones. More importantly with constant laser energy as the laser wavelength decreases, it affects more efficiently on lowering the above parameters. Conclusions we can conclude from our data on diabetic rats that in intravenous LLLT, with constant laser energy, shorter wavelengths like Blue (λ= 450 nm) is more effective than longer wavelengths such as Red (λ = 638 nm) and IR (λ = 808 nm) lasers to lower the level of interleukins toward non-diabetic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amjadi
- (Corresponding Author) Laser and Medical Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: , Tel: +98-2166164521 Fax:+98-2166022711
| | - H Mirmiranpor
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: , Tel: +98-9123388654
| | - S Khandani
- Laser and Medical Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: , Tel.: +98-9155828735
| | - S O Sobhani
- Laser and Medical Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: , Tel.: +32-494903687
| | - Y Shafaee
- Laser and Medical Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: , Tel.: +98-9101030472
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