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Huo M, Zhang Q, Si Y, Zhang Y, Chang H, Zhou M, Zhang D, Fang Y. The role of purinergic signaling in acupuncture-mediated relief of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09985-y. [PMID: 38305986 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a traditional medicinal practice in China that has been increasingly recognized in other countries in recent decades. Notably, several reports have demonstrated that acupuncture can effectively aid in pain management. However, the analgesic mechanisms through which acupuncture provides such benefits remain poorly understood. Purinergic signaling, which is mediated by purine nucleotides and purinergic receptors, has been proposed to play a central role in acupuncture analgesia. On the one hand, acupuncture affects the transmission of nociception by increasing adenosine triphosphate dephosphorylation and thereby decreasing downstream P2X3, P2X4, and P2X7 receptors signaling activity, regulating the levels of inflammatory factors, neurotrophic factors, and synapsin I. On the other hand, acupuncture exerts analgesic effects by promoting the production of adenosine, enhancing the expression of downstream adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, and regulating downstream inflammatory factors or synaptic plasticity. Together, this systematic overview of the field provides a sound, evidence-based foundation for future research focused on the application of acupuncture as a means of relieving pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Huo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Si
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongen Chang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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Sun R, Wu L, Sun Y. Immunological studies on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36875. [PMID: 38215134 PMCID: PMC10783328 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
From the 4 perspectives of T lymphocytes, various cytokines, adenosine and "neuro-endocrine-immune" network, the researches related to the immune mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in recent years were summarized, and different acupuncture and moxibustion treatments were analyzed. The method has a regulatory effect on the mechanism of RA, in order to provide a reference and basis for acupuncture research on the immune mechanism of RA, and promote the further development of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sun
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linna Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Andrea Cortés-Ladino C, Augusto Arias-Ortiz W, Porras-Ramírez A. Effectiveness of Yoga and Acupuncture in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9098442. [PMID: 37842334 PMCID: PMC10575744 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9098442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is a form of inflammatory joint disease; sometimes, patients need prolonged cycles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or glucocorticoids for symptomatology management in addition to traditional disease-modifying drugs and biologics. On some occasions, doses are increased without improvement of symptoms associated with side effects; this is why, on some occasions, patients seek other types of nonpharmacological therapies, such as alternative therapies. Objective To establish the effectiveness of alternative therapies such as yoga and acupuncture in rheumatoid arthritis by measuring disease activity with the disease activity score 28. Methods A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was performed; databases such as PubMed and Embase were used to find the best available evidence of randomized clinical trials from 2017 to 2021, two researchers independently screened and extracted the necessary data, and the methodological quality and the risk of bias were assessed through the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The articles that applied for meta-analysis were analyzed in Jamovi version 2.2 and EPIDATA version 3.1 software. Results Eight studies were included for qualitative analysis of which seven were included in the meta-analysis, with 550 rheumatoid arthritis patients, predominantly female. The meta-analysis evidenced a significant effect of yoga and acupuncture interventions in decreasing DAS 28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (four RCTs; SMD -2.51 95% CI [-2.89, -2.14], p ≤ 0.001, I2 25.9%); in the yoga subgroup analysis, there was also evidence of improvement in the evaluated outcome (three RCTs; SMD -0.51 95% CI [-0.71, -0.30], p ≤ 0.001, I2 0%). Conclusion It was demonstrated that the practice of yoga and acupuncture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis helped to decrease disease activity through the improvement of pain and joint inflammation; we recommend the implementation of this type of alternative intervention associated with conventional therapies for the management of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Andrea Cortés-Ladino
- Universidad El Bosque, Faculty of Medicine, Research Group of Medicina Comunitaria y Salud Colectiva, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wanderley Augusto Arias-Ortiz
- Universidad El Bosque, Faculty of Medicine, Research Group of Medicina Comunitaria y Salud Colectiva, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Porras-Ramírez
- Universidad El Bosque, Faculty of Medicine, Research Group of Medicina Comunitaria y Salud Colectiva, Bogotá, Colombia
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Zhang R, Qu J. The Mechanisms and Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy for Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14293. [PMID: 37762594 PMCID: PMC10531845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients around the world, causing significant pain and disability. Furthermore, the drugs used to treat these conditions frequently have side effects that add to the patient's burden. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a promising treatment approach in recent years. PBM effectively reduces inflammation by utilizing near-infrared light emitted by lasers or LEDs. In contrast to photothermal effects, PBM causes a photobiological response in cells, which regulates their functional response to light and reduces inflammation. PBM's anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects in arthritis treatment have been reported in numerous studies, including animal experiments and clinical trials. PBM's effectiveness in arthritis treatment has been extensively researched in arthritis-specific cells. Despite the positive results of PBM treatment, questions about specific parameters such as wavelength, dose, power density, irradiation time, and treatment site remain. The goal of this comprehensive review is to systematically summarize the mechanisms of PBM in arthritis treatment, the development of animal arthritis models, and the anti-inflammatory and joint function recovery effects seen in these models. The review also goes over the evaluation methods used in clinical trials. Overall, this review provides valuable insights for researchers investigating PBM treatment for arthritis, providing important references for parameters, model techniques, and evaluation methods in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics and College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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Lourinho I, Sousa T, Jardim R, Pinto AC, Iosimuta N. Effects of low-level laser therapy in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291345. [PMID: 37683021 PMCID: PMC10490856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory, systemic and chronic disease that mainly affects the joints. It is characterized mainly by pain, edema and joint stiffness, which can lead to significant loss of functional capacity and quality of life. Several physical therapy resources are used in the treatment of AR, such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the efficacy of LLLT in AR is still controversial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy in adults with RA. Methods and findings: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PEDro, LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, SCIELO and ClinicalTrials.gov. Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, evaluated the risk of bias and assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE approach. Disagreements were resolved by a third author. Meta-analyses were performed. Currently available evidence was from 18 RCTs, with a total of 793 participants. We found low-quality evidence suggesting there may be no difference between using infrared laser and sham in terms of pain, morning stiffness, grip strength, functional capacity, inflammation, ROM, disease activity and adverse events. The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of red laser compared to sham in pain, morning stiffness. The evidence is also very uncertain about the effects of laser acupuncture compared to placebo in functional capacity, quality of life, range of motion and inflammation. Conclusions: Thus, infrared laser may not be superior to sham in RA patients. There is insufficient information to support or refute the effectiveness of red laser, laser acupuncture and reflexology for treating patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lourinho
- Master Student, Post-Graduation of Health Science—PPGCS, Federal University of Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Tamara Sousa
- Master Student, Post-Graduation of Health Science—PPGCS, Federal University of Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Roger Jardim
- Master Student, Post-Graduation of Health Science—PPGCS, Federal University of Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pinto
- Researcher at Centro Iberoamericano Cochrane—Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cochrane Brazil, Center for Evidence-Based Health Studies and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Emergency Medicine, Post -Graduation in Evidence-Based Health Program, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Iosimuta
- Teacher of Physiotherapy Course, Post-Graduation of Health Science–PPGCS, Federal University of Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brazil
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Zhang J, Liu L, Zhu M, Zheng X, Liang Y, Zhong Y, Xu J, Yang J. Research Status and Prospects of Acupuncture in Perioperative Medicine Over the Past Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2189-2204. [PMID: 37397275 PMCID: PMC10314771 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s415998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past decade, acupuncture in the perioperative period has attracted great interest, and a growing number of related literature has been published. Purpose To analyze the general information and identify the research hotspots and trends of acupuncture in perioperative medicine in the last 10 years by bibliometric analysis. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications on acupuncture in perioperative medicine from 2013 to 2023. The articles and reviews were collected with no language restriction. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used for bibliometric and visual analysis of relevant literature. Results A total of 814 bibliographic records were retrieved. Overall, the annual number of publications showed an increasing trend. China and its institutions were in a leading position regarding the publication number. With comparatively more scientific collaboration with China, the USA ranked second. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the most prolific institution. Ha, In-Hyuk had the most publications, and Han JS and Lee A were the most cited authors. Medicine was the most popular journal and Journal of Clinical Oncology had the highest impact factor. "Acupuncture", "electroacupuncture" and "postoperative pain" were the top three keywords. The most popular topics were postoperative pain, postoperative ileus, and postoperative nausea and vomiting according to the keywords and references. And the clusters of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, and breast cancer attracted relatively more attention recently. Conclusion This study summarized the research status, hotspots, and trends of acupuncture in perioperative medicine in the past decade, which may aid researchers in better understanding this field. The research hotspots primarily focused on postoperative pain management and postoperative gastrointestinal function. The research of acupuncture for postoperative cognitive dysfunction, cancer-related surgery, and psychological states were the main frontiers topics and may be the focus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manjia Zhu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Jinxin Xi'nan Women's and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Liang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Sichuan Jinxin Xi'nan Women's and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Jinxin Xi'nan Women's and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Islam MT, Sarkar C, Hossain R, Bhuia MS, Mardare I, Kulbayeva M, Ydyrys A, Calina D, Habtemariam S, Kieliszek M, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. Therapeutic strategies for rheumatic diseases and disorders: targeting redox imbalance and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114900. [PMID: 37216707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases and disorders (RDDs) are a group of chronic autoimmune diseases that are collectively called "multicausal diseases". They have resulted from predisposing genetic profiles and exposure to a range of environmental, occupational and lifestyle risk factors. Other causative factors include bacterial and viral attacks, sexual habits, trauma, etc. In addition, numerous studies reported that redox imbalance is one of the most serious consequences of RDDs. For example, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a classic example of chronic RDDs is linked to oxidative stress. This paper summarizes the contributions of redox imbalance to RDDs. The findings suggest that establishing direct or indirect therapeutic strategies for RDDs requires a more in-depth understanding of the redox dysregulation in these diseases. For example, the recent awareness of the roles of peroxiredoxins (Prdxs, e.g. Prdx2, Prdx3) in RDDs provided one potential route of therapeutic intervention of these pathologies. Changes in stressful lifestyles and dietary habits may also provide additional benefits in the management of RDDs. Future studies should be directed to explore molecular interactions in redox regulations associated with RDDS and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Ileana Mardare
- Department of Public Health and Management, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marzhan Kulbayeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave. 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Adly MS, Adly AS, Rasheed AM, Adly AS. CAN COMBINING LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY WITH COMPUTER GUIDED FLAPLESS PIEZOSURGICAL OSTEOTOMY ACHIEVE A PAINLESS IMPLANT SURGERY? FINDINGS OF SPLIT MOUTH RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5264977. [PMID: 35535158 PMCID: PMC9078778 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5264977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Acupuncture has been used by rehabilitation specialists as an adjunctive treatment for the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in treating patients with RA. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in CBM, CNKI, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase from their inception up to March 2022. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) without the language restriction, concerning the patients with RA treated with acupuncture, were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Weight mean difference (MD) and 95% CI were calculated, and data were pooled with random effects model. Results A total of eleven RCTs involving 796 patients with RA met the established inclusion criteria. This systematic review indicated the efficacy of acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for patients with RA. Invasive acupuncture could reduce significantly in pain (MD = -1.00, 95% CI: -1.96 to -0.05, P=0.040), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ, MD = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.11, P < 0.001), physician global assessment (PhGA, MD = -0.98, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.72, P < 0.001), tender joint count (TJC, MD = -1.24, 95% CI: -2.11 to -0.37, P=0.005), C-reactive protein (CRP, MD = -1.81, 95% CI: -3.32 to -0.29, P=0.019), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, MD = -3.03, 95% CI: -5.80 to -0.26, P=0.032), while compared to control group. Laser acupuncture could reduce HAQ (MD = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.01, P=0.034), the RA quality of life questionnaire (RAQoL, MD = -2.32, 95% CI: -4.40 to -0.25, P=0.028), CRP (MD = -35.24, 95% CI: -36.49 to -33.99, P < 0.001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6, MD = -29.63, 95% CI: -49.34 to -9.92, P=0.003), while compared to control group. No adverse events associated with acupuncture were reported. Conclusion Available evidence suggests that acupuncture is beneficial for relieving pain and ameliorating quality of life and health index in patients with RA; thereby, it should be available as an adjunctive nonpharmacological treatment in rehabilitation programmes.
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Adly AS, Adly MS, Adly AS. Authors Reply: Using social media to recruit research participants should proceed with caution. Comment on Telemanagement of Home-Isolated COVID-19 Patients Using Oxygen Therapy With Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Physical Therapy Techniques: Randomized Clinical Trial. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37413. [PMID: 35476751 PMCID: PMC9135114 DOI: 10.2196/37413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sedky Adly
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo Suez Road Badr City, Cairo, EG.,Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Cairo, EG
| | | | - Afnan Sedky Adly
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular-Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Laser Applications in Physical Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EG.,Faculty of Physical Therapy, Internal Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, EG
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