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Behera S, Priyadarshanee M, Das S. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, the bioplastics of microbial origin: Properties, biochemical synthesis, and their applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133723. [PMID: 35085614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rising plastic pollution deteriorates the environment significantly as these petroleum-based plastics are not biodegradable, and their production requires natural fuels (energy source) and other resources. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bioplastic and a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic plastics. PHAs can be entirely synthesized using various microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, and fungi. These value-added biopolymers show promising properties such as enhanced biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other chemo-mechanical properties. Further, it has been established that the properties of PHA polymers depend on the substrates and chemical composition (monomer unit) of these polymers. PHAs hold great potential as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers, and further research for economic production and utilization of these biopolymers is required. The review describes the synthesis mechanism and different properties of microbially synthesized PHAs for various applications. The classification of PHAs and the multiple techniques necessary for their detection and evaluation have been discussed. In addition, the synthesis mechanism involving the genetic regulation of these biopolymers in various microbial groups has been described. This review provides information on various commercially available PHAs and their application in multiple sectors. The industrial production of these microbially synthesized polymers and the different extraction methods have been reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the review provides an insight into the potential applications of this biopolymer in environmental, industrial, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivananda Behera
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Monika Priyadarshanee
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
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Kiatiporntipthak K, Thajai N, Kanthiya T, Rachtanapun P, Leksawasdi N, Phimolsiripol Y, Rohindra D, Ruksiriwanich W, Sommano SR, Jantanasakulwong K. Reaction Mechanism and Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Lactic Acid) Reactive Blending with Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2429. [PMID: 34372029 PMCID: PMC8347510 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) was melt-blended with epoxy resin to study the effects of the reaction on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA. The addition of 0.5% (wt/wt) epoxy to PLA increased the maximum tensile strength of PLA (57.5 MPa) to 67 MPa, whereas the 20% epoxy improved the elongation at break to 12%, due to crosslinking caused by the epoxy reaction. The morphology of the PLA/epoxy blends showed epoxy nanoparticle dispersion in the PLA matrix that presented a smooth fracture surface with a high epoxy content. The glass transition temperature of PLA decreased with an increasing epoxy content owing to the partial miscibility between PLA and the epoxy resin. The Vicat softening temperature of the PLA was 59 °C and increased to 64.6 °C for 0.5% epoxy. NMR confirmed the reaction between the -COOH groups of PLA and the epoxy groups of the epoxy resin. This reaction, and partial miscibility of the PLA/epoxy blend, improved the interfacial crosslinking, morphology, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittameth Kiatiporntipthak
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.K.); (T.K.); (P.R.); (N.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Nanthicha Thajai
- Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Thidarat Kanthiya
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.K.); (T.K.); (P.R.); (N.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.K.); (T.K.); (P.R.); (N.L.); (Y.P.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.R.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.K.); (T.K.); (P.R.); (N.L.); (Y.P.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.R.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.K.); (T.K.); (P.R.); (N.L.); (Y.P.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.R.); (S.R.S.)
| | - David Rohindra
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji;
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.R.); (S.R.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hia, Muang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.R.); (S.R.S.)
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Mae-Hea, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.K.); (T.K.); (P.R.); (N.L.); (Y.P.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.R.); (S.R.S.)
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Grigore ME, Grigorescu RM, Iancu L, Ion RM, Zaharia C, Andrei ER. Methods of synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:695-712. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1605866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Elena Grigore
- "Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Marina Grigorescu
- "Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lorena Iancu
- "Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- "Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
- Valahia University, Materials Engineering Department, 13th Aleey Sinaia, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Cătălin Zaharia
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Ramona Andrei
- "Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
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