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Karpov SV, Iakunkov A, Chernyaev DA, Kurbatov VG, Malkov GV, Badamshina ER. A Theoretical Investigation of the Polyaddition of an AB 2+A 2+B 4 Monomer Mixture. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:426. [PMID: 38337315 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are widely applied nowadays as functional materials for biomedicine needs, nonlinear optics, organic semiconductors, etc. One of the effective and promising ways to synthesize HBPs is a polyaddition of AB2+A2+B4 monomers that is generated in the A2+CB2, AA'+B3, A2+B'B2, and A2+C2+B3 systems or using other approaches. It is clear that all the foundational features of HBPs that are manufactured by a polyaddition reaction are defined by the component composition of the monomer mixture. For this reason, we have designed a structural kinetic model of AB2+A2+B4 monomer mixture polyaddition which makes it possible to predict the impact of the monomer mixture's composition on the molecular weight characteristics of hyperbranched polymers (number average (DPn) and weight average (DPw) degree of polymerization), as well as the degree of branching (DB) and gel point (pg). The suggested model also considers the possibility of a positive or negative substitution effect during polyaddition. The change in the macromolecule parameters of HBPs formed by polyaddition of AB2+A2+B4 monomers is described as an infinite system of kinetic equations. The solution for the equation system was found using the method of generating functions. The impact of both the component's composition and the substitution effect during the polyaddition of AB2+A2+B4 monomers on structural and molecular weight HBP characteristics was investigated. The suggested model is fairly versatile; it makes it possible to describe every possible case of polyaddition with various monomer combinations, such as A2+AB2, AB2+B4, AB2, or A2+B4. The influence of each monomer type on the main characteristics of hyperbranched polymers that are obtained by the polyaddition of AB2+A2+B4 monomers has been investigated. Based on the results obtained, an empirical formula was proposed to estimate the pg = pA during the polyaddition of an AB2+A2+B4 monomer mixture: pg = pA = (-0.53([B]0/[A]0)1/2 + 0.78)υAB2 + (1/3)1/2([B]0/[A]0)1/2, where (1/3)1/2([B]0/[A]0)1/2 is the Flory equation for the A2+B4 polyaddition, [A]0 and [B]0 are the A and B group concentration from A2 and B4, respectively, and υAB2 is the mole fraction of the AB2 monomer in the mixture. The equation obtained allows us to accurately predict the pg value, with an AB2 monomer content of up to 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Karpov
- Department of Polymers and Composites, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Artem Iakunkov
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitry A Chernyaev
- Department of Polymers and Composites, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Kurbatov
- Department of Polymers and Composites, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Georgiy V Malkov
- Department of Polymers and Composites, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elmira R Badamshina
- Department of Polymers and Composites, Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Semenov Avenue, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
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Liu Z, Yao Y, Tao X, Wei J, Lin S. Helical supramolecular nanorods via sequential meticulous tailoring of noncovalent interaction and light irradiation. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sun H, Zhou X, Leng Y, Li X, Du J. Transformation of Amorphous Nanobowls to Crystalline Ellipsoids Induced by Trans-Cis Isomerization of Azobenzene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200131. [PMID: 35322512 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The stimuli-responsive transition of nanostructures from amorphous to crystalline state is of high interest in polymer science, but is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the transformation of amorphous nanobowls to crystalline ellipsoids triggered by UV induced trans-cis isomerization, using an azobenzene-containing amphiphilic homopolymer (PAzoAA) as building block. The amide bond and azobenzene pendants are introduced to the side chain of PAzoAA to afford hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction, which promotes the formation of nanobowls rather than spherical nanostructures. Upon exposed to UV irradiation, trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene pendants occurs, leading to the increase of hydrophilicity and destruction of π-π interaction, further resulting in the disassembly of the nanobowls. Then the PAzoAA re-assembles to form crystalline ellipsoids instead of amorphous nanostructures when recovered at 70°C without UV light. We further confirm that the high incubation temperature after UV irradiation is critical for the cis-trans transformation and the high mobility of the polymer chains to facilitate the regular rearrangement of azobenzene pendants. Overall, we propose a facile method to achieve the transformation of amorphous nanobowls to crystalline ellipsoids, which may bring new insight into preparation of crystalline nanoparticles using amorphous precursors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
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Playing construction with the monomer toy box for the synthesis of multi‐stimuli responsive copolymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Huang P, Qi M, Chen C, Xu F, Li S, Xu Q, Pan H, Wang Y, Yu C, Zhang S, Zhou Y. Asymmetric Vesicles Self-Assembled by Amphiphilic Sequence-Controlled Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:894-900. [PMID: 35549185 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric distribution of lipids on the inner and outer membranes of a cell plays a pivotal role in the physiological and immunological activities of life. It has inspired the elaboration of synthetic asymmetric vesicles for the discovery of advanced materials and functions. The asymmetric vesicles were generally prepared by amphiphilic block copolymers. We herein report on the formation of asymmetric vesicles self-assembled by amphiphilic sequence-controlled polymers with two hydrophilic segments SU and TEO. We also developed an efficient fluorescence titration method with europium(III) ions (Eu3+) to determine the uneven distribution of SU and TEO. SU units are preferentially located on the outer membrane and TEO on the inner membrane of the resulting vesicles, which is facilitated by the electrostatic repulsion of SU and the U-shaped folding of the hydrophobic backbone of the resulting polymers. This work shows that sequence-controlled polymers with alternating monomer sequence provide a powerful toolbox for the elaboration of important yet challenging self-assembled structures for emerging functions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meiwei Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuanshuang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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