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Shin J, Park YS. Unusual or Uncommon Histology of Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2024; 24:69-88. [PMID: 38225767 PMCID: PMC10774758 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2024.24.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively examines the diverse spectrum of gastric cancers, focusing on unusual or uncommon histology that presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. While the predominant form, tubular adenocarcinoma, is well-characterized, this review focuses on lesser-known variants, including papillary adenocarcinoma, micropapillary carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), hepatoid adenocarcinoma, gastric choriocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma, carcinosarcoma, gastroblastoma, parietal cell carcinoma, oncocytic adenocarcinoma, Paneth cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type, undifferentiated carcinoma, and extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Although these diseases have different nomenclatures characterized by distinct histopathological features, these phenotypes often overlap, making it difficult to draw clear boundaries. Furthermore, the number of cases was limited, and the unique histopathological nature and potential pathogenic mechanisms were not well defined. This review highlights the importance of understanding these rare variants for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment planning, and improving patient outcomes. This review emphasizes the need for ongoing research and case studies to enhance our knowledge of these uncommon forms of gastric cancer, which will ultimately contribute to more effective treatments and better prognostic assessments. This review aimed to broaden the pathological narrative by acknowledging and addressing the intricacies of all cancer types, regardless of their rarity, to advance patient care and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Shin
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chen M, Yao X, Ping J, Shen H, Wei Y, Wang WL. Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable Complex-Deficient Rhabdoid Carcinoma of Stomach: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1364-1374. [PMID: 36895105 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221146204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric undifferentiated/rhabdoid carcinoma is a rare highly invasive tumor of epithelial origin. Due to mutations in the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, these tumor cells are usually dedifferentiated, presenting a characteristic rhabdoid profile. In this report, we present a gastric rhabdoid carcinoma in a 77-year-old man who presented with intermittent epigastric pain. Gastroscopy revealed a giant ulcer in the antrum, which proved to be a malignant tumor in the biopsy. Therefore, he was admitted to our hospital and underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy. The resected neoplasm contained a variety of rhabdoid cells that lacked well-differentiated elements. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that SMARCA4/BRG1 expression was absent in tumor cells. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with undifferentiated/rhabdoid carcinoma of the stomach. The patient was treated with tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium capsules postoperatively. There were no signs of imaging changes observed at the 18-month follow-up. We reviewed similar cases in previous reports. These tumors are more likely to affect older male adults and usually lack typical symptoms. Histologically, most tumor cells are poorly cohesive and rhabdoid, and differentiated compositions of various degrees can occasionally be seen. Positive staining for vimentin was seen in all tumor cells. Epithelial markers are positive in the majority of tumors. SWI/SNF mutant tumors tend to be associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, more than half of the patients died within one year after surgery. The treatments for these diseases are still being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Yao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Ping
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Yunhai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yoon HR, Park DH, Kong J. Imaging Findings of a Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor in the Stomach: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2021; 82:493-497. [PMID: 36238731 PMCID: PMC9431930 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
악성 횡문근양 종양은 주로 영유아의 신장에서 발생하는 공격적인 종양이다. 신장 이외의 조직에서 발생한 경우 신외성 악성 횡문근양 종양이라 하고 중추신경계, 간, 뇌, 피부, 연조직 등에서 드물게 보고되었다. 위에서 발생한 악성 횡문근양 종양은 매우 드물다. 저자들은 흑색변을 주소로 내원한 72세 남자의 위에서 발견된 악성 신외성 횡문근양 종양이 림프종과 유사한 영상 소견을 보인 예를 경험하여 보고한다.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ran Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Park
- Department of Radiology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonseog Kong
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Machida Y, Michishita M, Yoshimura H, Kato T, Hayama SI, Takahashi K. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the musk gland and systemic T-cell lymphoma in a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:975-979. [PMID: 31092741 PMCID: PMC6656805 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old male masked palm civet died after 2 months of continuous abdominal distention and poor appetite. Grossly, both musk glands were markedly swelled. Microscopically, round,
polygonal and spindle neoplastic cells proliferated diffusely in the right musk gland and a metastatic focus was observed in the lung. The neoplastic cells had abundant cytoplasm with
faintly eosinophilic inclusions that ultrastructurally corresponded to whorl aggregates of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratins
and glial fibrillary acidic protein and negative for desmin. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as malignant rhabdoid tumor. Papillary adenoma was seen in the opposite musk
gland. T-cell lymphoma of the lymph nodes, small intestine and liver was considered as the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Kusafuka K, Kawasaki T, Maeda M, Yamanegi K, Baba S, Ito Y, Inagaki H, Nakajima T. Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features: a salivary counterpart of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology 2016; 70:164-173. [PMID: 27079821 DOI: 10.1111/his.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical characteristics of nine cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) with rhabdoid features (SDCRF), representing a new, extremely rare type of salivary gland malignancy. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 2511 cases of salivary gland tumour, clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. The incidence of SDCRF was 0.4%. Eight patients were male. The age of patients ranged from 36 years to 85 years (mean, 61 years). SDC arose from the parotid glands and submandibular gland in six and three cases, respectively. Seven cases appeared as a carcinoma component of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma cases. Six patients died of disease. Histologically, diffuse proliferations of non-coherent large ovoid or polygonal carcinoma cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei were observed in all cases; such cytological characteristics were defined as 'rhabdoid features'. Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for cytokeratin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, androgen receptor, and SMARCB1, seven cases were positive for HER2, and two cases were positive for epidermal growth factor receptor. However, all cases were negative for vimentin and myoepithelial markers. Eight cases showed no or aberrant expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin. The results suggest that SDCRF is an extremely rare subtype of SDC, and not a sarcomatoid variant of SDC. SDCRF is histologically unique, and is positive for SDC markers but negative for vimentin, unlike rhabdoid-type carcinomas arising from other organs. CONCLUSIONS The morphogenesis of SDCRF is related to no or aberrant expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules. Therefore, SDCRF could be a salivary counterpart to pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuya Kawasaki
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Centre, Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Matsuyoshi Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanegi
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Ito
- Department of Anatomical Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Anatomical Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Centre, Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kusafuka K, Onitsuka T, Muramatsu K, Miki T, Murai C, Suda T, Fuke T, Kamijo T, Iida Y, Nakajima T. Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features: report of 2 cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Head Neck 2013; 36:E28-35. [PMID: 24038506 PMCID: PMC4296234 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features is extremely rare. METHODS We report 2 cases of salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features treated at our institution. RESULTS Case 1 was a 44-year-old Japanese man who had swelling in the left parotid region. This tumor consisted of residual pleomorphic adenoma and widely invasive carcinoma, which showed a diffuse growth pattern by atypical rhabdoid cells. Case 2 was a 66-year-old Japanese man who had swelling of the right cervical region. This submandibular tumor was also composed of both residual pleomorphic adenoma region and invasive adenocarcinoma components, whereas some metastatic lesions were purely composed of rhabdoid cells. Such cells were strongly and diffusely positive for cytokeratins (CKs), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP), and androgen receptor (AR). Case 1 was also positive for Her-2 and p53. CONCLUSION Both patients were diagnosed with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and their carcinomatous components were composed of salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features, which is a highly aggressive tumor, similar to salivary duct carcinoma.
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