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Tao D, Guan B, Li H, Zhou C. Expression patterns of claudins in cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21338. [PMID: 37954388 PMCID: PMC10637965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are four-transmembrane proteins, which were found in tight junctions. They maintain cell barriers and regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. They are involved in maintaining cellular polarity and normal functions. Different claudins show different expression patterns. The expression level and localization of claudins are altered in various cancers. They promote or inhibit proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, claudins may serve as diagnostic markers, novel therapeutic targets, and prognostic risk factors. The important roles of claudins in cancer aroused our great interest. In the present review, we provide a summary of insights into expression patterns of claudins in cancer, which is more comprehensive and provides new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyu Tao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bingxin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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Chen QY, Que SJ, Chen JY, Qing-Zhong, Liu ZY, Wang JB, Lin JX, Lu J, Cao LL, Lin M, Tu RH, Huang ZN, Lin JL, Zheng HL, Xie JW, Zheng CH, Li P, Huang CM. Development and validation of metabolic scoring to individually predict prognosis and monitor recurrence early in gastric cancer: A large-sample analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:2149-2158. [PMID: 35864012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a simple metabolic score (Metabolic score, MS) for use in evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients and dynamically monitor for early recurrence. METHODS We retrospectively collected general clinicopathological data of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for GC between September 2012 and December 2017 in the Department of Gastric Surgery of the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. Using a random forest algorithm to screen preoperative blood indicators into the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model, we developed a novel MS to predict prognosis. RESULTS Data of 1974 patients were used to develop and validate the model. Total cholesterol (TCHO), bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and 15 other metabolic indicators had significant predictive value for the prognosis using the random forest algorithm. In the overall population, 533 patients (27.0%) had high and 1441 (73%) had low MS status. High MS status was related to tumor progression. The KM curves of 3-year OS and RFS for training set patients showed low MS had a better prognosis than high MS (OS: 79.4% vs 59.7%, P < 0.001; RFS: 76.0% vs 56.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have developed and validated MS to predict the long-term survival of GC patients and allow early monitoring of recurrence. This will provide physicians with simple, economical, and dynamic tumor monitoring information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Si-Jin Que
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Zhong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ning Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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He K, Chen C, Xia L, Si L, Pan X, Sun Z, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Shi Y, Zhou B, Wang S, Han J, Shen B, Zhou G, Lu J, Wang X. Deep muscularis propria tumor invasion without lymph node metastasis as a unique subclassification of stage IB gastric cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:30. [PMID: 35062873 PMCID: PMC8783482 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis difference based on the depth of tumor muscularis propria invasion in gastric cancer (GC) was still debated, and therapy strategy for stage IB GC patient required further investigation. Methods A total of 380 patients with pT2 GC after radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed, including 185 in superficial muscularis propria (sMP) group and 195 in deep muscularis propria (dMP) group. Results The overall survival (OS) was significantly better for patients in sMP group than for patients in dMP group (P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, depth of tumor invasion, pN stage, age, primary location, positive expression of p53, elevated maximal LDH, elevated initial CA19-9 and AFP level were independent prognostic factors for OS. The sMP group had a significantly better OS than dMP group (P = 0.014) in pN0 stage. After further stratification, the survival outcomes were not significantly different between deep muscularis propria tumor invasion without lymph node metastasis (dMPN0) group (stage IB) and superficial muscularis propria tumor invasion with stage 1–2 lymph node metastasis (sMPN1–2) group (stage II) (P = 0.100). Patients with adjuvant chemotherapy had a statistically better survival than those without in dMPN0 group (P = 0.045) and dMPN0 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy had better OS than sMPN1–2 patients (P = 0.015). In addition, greater postoperative survival could be observed in sMPN0 patients than dMPN0 patients in p53-positive group (P = 0.002), and similar OS could be seen between dMPN0 patients with p53-positive and T2N1–2 patients (P = 0.872). Conclusion As a unique subclassification of stage IB GC, appropriate adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for patients with dMPN0 stage. In addition, positive expression of p53, elevated LDH could be potential factors in identifying the different prognoses for stage IB GC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-02090-z.
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Histological diversity and molecular characteristics in gastric cancer: relation of cancer stem cell-related molecules and receptor tyrosine kinase molecules to mixed histological type and more histological patterns. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:368-381. [PMID: 33118117 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancers (GCs) are still one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The histological and molecular features of GC may differ widely from area to area within the same tumor. Intratumoral heterogeneity has been considered a major obstacle to an efficient diagnosis and successful molecular treatment. METHODS We selected and reevaluated 842 GC cases and analyzed the relationship between numbers or composites of histological patterns within tumors, and clinicopathological parameters in mucosal and invasive areas. In addition, we searched for the GC-associated molecules or molecular subtypes marking histological diversities. RESULTS GC cases with more histological numbers or mixed types in invasive areas showed significantly higher T grade and staging, whereas those in mucosal areas did not show any significant associations. GCs with histological diversities showed poorer prognosis and characteristically expressed cancer stem cell-related molecules (CD44, CD133 or ALDH1) and receptor tyrosine kinase molecules (HER2, EGFR or c-MET) as well as Helicobacter pylori infection. Expressions of CD44, HER2, c-MET, laminin 5·2 or retained E-cadherin in mucosal areas were predictive of more histological numbers and mixed types in invasive areas. In addition, the chromosomal instability subtype of GC showed significant associations with more histological numbers and mixed histological type, whereas the genomic stability subtype of GC showed a significant relationship with pure type. CONCLUSIONS We displayed the relationship between histological diversity and molecular features in GC, and we hope that the present data can contribute to the early diagnosis and prevention, and effective treatment of GC.
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Isoforms of the p53 Family and Gastric Cancer: A Ménage à Trois for an Unfinished Affair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040916. [PMID: 33671606 PMCID: PMC7926742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family is a complex family of transcription factors with different cellular functions that are involved in several physiological processes. A massive amount of data has been accumulated on their critical role in the tumorigenesis and the aggressiveness of cancers of different origins. If common features are observed, there are numerous specificities that may reflect particularities of the tissues from which the cancers originated. In this regard, gastric cancer tumorigenesis is rather remarkable, as it is induced by bacterial and viral infections, various chemical carcinogens, and familial genetic alterations, which provide an example of the variety of molecular mechanisms responsible for cell transformation and how they impact the p53 family. This review summarizes the knowledge gathered from over 40 years of research on the role of the p53 family in gastric cancer, which still displays one of the most elevated mortality rates amongst all types of cancers. Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, with a median survival of 12 months. This illustrates its complexity and the lack of therapeutic options, such as personalized therapy, because predictive markers do not exist. Thus, gastric cancer remains mostly treated with cytotoxic chemotherapies. In addition, less than 20% of patients respond to immunotherapy. TP53 mutations are particularly frequent in gastric cancer (±50% and up to 70% in metastatic) and are considered an early event in the tumorigenic process. Alterations in the expression of other members of the p53 family, i.e., p63 and p73, have also been described. In this context, the role of the members of the p53 family and their isoforms have been investigated over the years, resulting in conflicting data. For instance, whether mutations of TP53 or the dysregulation of its homologs may represent biomarkers for aggressivity or response to therapy still remains a matter of debate. This uncertainty illustrates the lack of information on the molecular pathways involving the p53 family in gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant molecular and clinical data on the role of the p53 family in gastric cancer and enumerate potential therapeutic innovative strategies.
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Qin L, Wang Y, Yang N, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Wu Y, Jiang J. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) as a prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal cancer: a meta-analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10859. [PMID: 33628641 PMCID: PMC7894117 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) has recently been shown to be dependent on or independent of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in its roles in tumorigenesis and progression. This appreciation has prompted various studies assessing the prognostic value of TIMP-1 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, however, the conclusions were still inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of TIMP-1-immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and pretreatment serum/plasma TIMP-1 level in gastrointestinal cancer survival as well as the association between TIMP-1 and clinicopathologic features. Methods The meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; Registration NO. CRD42020185407) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A highly sensitive literature search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Heterogeneity analysis was conducted using both chi-square-based Q statistics and the I2 test. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the prognostic value of TIMP-1 using the fixed-effects model. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the associations between TIMP-1 and clinicopathological characteristics. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Results A total of 3,958 patients from twenty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. Elevated TIMP-1 levels were significantly associated with poor survival in gastrointestinal cancer (TIMP-1-IHC staining: HR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.59–2.61], I2 = 35.7%, PQ = 0.156; pretreatment serum/plasma TIMP-1 levels: HR = 2.02, 95% CI [1.80–2.28], I2 = 0%, PQ = 0.630). Moreover, clinicopathological parameter data analysis showed that elevated TIMP-1 levels were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (N1/N2/N3 vs N0: OR = 2.92, 95% CI [1.95–4.38]) and higher TNM stages (III/IV vs I/II: OR = 2.73, 95% CI [1.23–6.04]). Conclusion Both TIMP-1-positive IHC staining and high serum/plasma TIMP-1 levels are poor prognostic factors for the survival of gastrointestinal cancer. In addition, TIMP-1 overexpression was correlated with more advanced clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qin
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Na Yang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianye Zhao
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Coexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8831466. [PMID: 33005257 PMCID: PMC7509560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8831466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), an essential step in tumour invasion and metastasis, is mainly dependent on the activities of both matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This study aimed to explore whether expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 alone and in combination can be used as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer (GC). Method A total of 285 patients who had undergone tumourectomy for GC were included. Gastric tumour tissues were stained immunohistochemically to evaluate expression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1. Results Expression of MMP-7 was associated with tumour N stage and neural invasion. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that expression of MMP-7 or TIMP-1 alone cannot serve as an indicator of patient prognosis; however, coexpression of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 was found to be an independent predictive factor of overall survival in patients with GC (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.08-2.80). The results of stratified analysis also showed that the predictive value of MMP-7 and TIMP-1 coexpression was stronger in patients with N3 stage disease and not receiving chemotherapy. Conclusions In conclusion, coexpression of MMP-7 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 in gastric tumour tissues is a potential prognostic marker for GC. Greater knowledge of protein expression will lead to new paradigms and possible improvements in therapeutics.
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Sun M, Qiu J, Zhai H, Wang Y, Ma P, Li M, Chen B. Prognostic Implications of Novel Gene Signatures in Gastric Cancer Microenvironment. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924604. [PMID: 32740646 PMCID: PMC7418782 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing studies have shown the important clinical role of immune and stromal cells in gastric cancer microenvironment. Based on information of immune and stromal cells in The Cancer Genome Atlas, this study aimed to construct a prognostic risk assessment model for gastric cancer. Material/Methods Based on the immune/structural scores, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered and analyzed. Afterwards, DEGs associated with prognosis were screened and the risk assessment model was constructed in the training set. Moreover, the validity of the model was verified both in the testing set and the overall sample. Results In this study, patients were divided into high-score and low-score groups based on immune/stromal score, and 919 DEGs were identified. By applying least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox analysis, 10 mRNAs were selected to form a prognostic risk assessment model, risk score=(0.294*SLC17A9) + (−0.477*FERMT3) + (0.866*NRP1) + (0.350*MMRN1) + (0.381*RNASE1) + (0.189*TRIB3) + (0.230*PGAP3) + (0.087*MAGEA3) + (0.182*TACR2) + (0.368*CYP51A1). In the training set, the low-risk group divided by the model was found to have better overall survival, and the prediction efficiency of the model was demonstrated to be good. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the model could work as a prognostic factor independently. Similar results were shown in the testing group and overall patients cohort group. Finally, the risk assessment model and other clinical variables were integrated to construct a nomogram. Conclusions In general, this study constructs a prognostic risk assessment model for gastric cancer, which could improve the prognosis stratification of patients combined with other clinical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jieping Qiu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Huazheng Zhai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yaoqun Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Panpan Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Mengyin Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Wang H, Wu X, Chen Y. Stromal-Immune Score-Based Gene Signature: A Prognosis Stratification Tool in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1212. [PMID: 31781506 PMCID: PMC6861210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing amount of evidence has suggested the clinical importance of stromal and immune cells in the gastric cancer microenvironment. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on assessments of stromal and immune components have not been well-established. This study aimed to develop a stromal-immune score-based gene signature in gastric cancer. Methods: Stromal and immune scores were estimated from transcriptomic profiles of a gastric cancer cohort from TCGA using the ESTIMATE algorithm. A robust partial likelihood-based Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to select prognostic genes and to construct a stromal-immune score-based gene signature. Two independent datasets from GEO were used for external validation. Results: Favorable overall survivals were found in patients with high stromal score (p = 0.014) and immune score (p = 0.045). Forty-five stromal-immune score-related differentially expressed genes were identified. Using a robust partial likelihood-based Cox proportional hazard regression model, a gene signature containing SOX9, LRRC32, CECR1, and MS4A4A was identified to develop a risk stratification model. Multivariate analysis revealed that the stromal-immune risk score was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.018). Based on the risk stratification model, the cohort was classified into three groups yielding incremental survival outcomes (log-rank test p = 0.0004). A nomogram integrating the risk stratification model and clinicopathologic factors was developed. Calibration and decision curves showed a better performance and net benefits for the nomogram. Similar findings were validated in two independent cohorts. Conclusion: The stromal-immune score-based gene signature represents a prognosis stratification tool in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Guo JC, Wu Y, Chen Y, Pan F, Wu ZY, Zhang JS, Wu JY, Xu XE, Zhao JM, Li EM, Zhao Y, Xu LY. Protein-coding genes combined with long noncoding RNA as a novel transcriptome molecular staging model to predict the survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:4. [PMID: 29784063 PMCID: PMC5993132 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant subtype of esophageal carcinoma in China. This study was to develop a staging model to predict outcomes of patients with ESCC. METHODS Using Cox regression analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), partitioning clustering, Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, we mined the Gene Expression Omnibus database to determine the expression profiles of genes in 179 patients with ESCC from GSE63624 and GSE63622 dataset. RESULTS Univariate cox regression analysis of the GSE63624 dataset revealed that 2404 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 635 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were associated with the survival of patients with ESCC. PCA categorized these PCGs and lncRNAs into three principal components (PCs), which were used to cluster the patients into three groups. ROC analysis demonstrated that the predictive ability of PCG-lncRNA PCs when applied to new patients was better than that of the tumor-node-metastasis staging (area under ROC curve [AUC]: 0.69 vs. 0.65, P < 0.05). Accordingly, we constructed a molecular disaggregated model comprising one lncRNA and two PCGs, which we designated as the LSB staging model using CART analysis in the GSE63624 dataset. This LSB staging model classified the GSE63622 dataset of patients into three different groups, and its effectiveness was validated by analysis of another cohort of 105 patients. CONCLUSIONS The LSB staging model has clinical significance for the prognosis prediction of patients with ESCC and may serve as a three-gene staging microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Departments of Oncology Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Jia-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - En-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 P. R. China
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Luo J, Yan R, He X, He J. SOX2 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis, promotes apoptotic by downregulating CCND1 and PARP in gastric cancer. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:639-647. [PMID: 29511458 PMCID: PMC5835829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistent results of Sex-determining region Y-box2 (SOX2) expression have been reported in gastric cancer (GC) before. Our recent studies showed that SOX2 was significantly downregulated in GC cells compared with GES-1 at both mRNA and protein level. Transfected with pcDNA3.1-SOX2 resulted in enforced expression of SOX2 at mRNA and protein levels compared with NC group in undifferentiated cell lines including HGC27 and BGC823. MTT assay showed that exogenous expressed SOX2 suppressed cell proliferation. FC analysis revealed that SOX2-overexpressing cells exhibited cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Transwell assay showed the anti-metastatic effect of SOX2 in GC cells. The subsequent results suggested CCND1 and PARP were downregulated in SOX2 overexpressed GC cells, and were responsible for the SOX2-induced anticancer effects. Thus, SOX2 proved to be an expected biomarker in GC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ruicheng Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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Prognostic Significance of Preoperative and Postoperative Complement C3 Depletion in Gastric Cancer: A Three-Year Survival Investigation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2161840. [PMID: 29062836 PMCID: PMC5618749 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2161840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of complement system in predicting prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains obscured. This study aims to explore the incidence of complement C3 depletion and associated outcomes in GC patients. METHODS between August 2013 and December 2013, 106 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were prospectively analyzed. Plasma levels of complement C3 and C4 were detected at baseline, one day before surgery, and postoperative day 3, respectively. Patients with low C3 levels (<0.75 mg/mL) were considered as having complement depletion (CD), while others with normal C3 levels were included as control. The 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and other outcomes were compared between both groups, with the CD incidence explored meanwhile. RESULTS The CD incidence was 28.3% before surgery but increased to 37.7% after surgery. Preoperative CD was related to prolonged hospital stay (22.7 versus 19.2 day, P = 0.032) and increased postoperative complications (33.3% versus 14.5%, P = 0.030) and hospital costs (P = 0.013). Besides, postoperative C3 depletion was significantly associated with decreased 3-year OS (P = 0.022) and DFS (P = 0.003). Moreover, postoperative C3 depletion and advanced tumor stage were independent predictive factors of poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Complement C3 depletion occurring in gastric cancer was associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes.
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Jin Y, He J, Du J, Zhang RX, Yao HB, Shao QS. Overexpression of HS6ST2 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6191-6197. [PMID: 29113266 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of the expression of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 (HS6ST2) in gastric cancer (GC). The Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (Affymetrix; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) was used to identify differentially expressed genes in GC tissues vs. adjacent non-tumor gastric tissues. Candidate genes were further verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, an independent dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and a survival analysis was performed. Microarray analysis demonstrated that HS6ST2 was upregulated (>12-fold) in GC tissues compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. RT-qPCR and IHC analysis of HS6ST2 in GC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues confirmed the microarray data. Furthermore, a positive association was demonstrated between HS6ST2 overexpression with the depth of tumor invasion, distant metastasis, and tumor-node metastasis stage. Survival analysis revealed an association between patients with increased expression of HS6ST2 and a poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Cox regression analysis indicated that the expression of HS6ST2 was an independent negative prognostic factor for GC. The expression of HS6ST2 in GC was significantly associated with specific clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of disease, thus we propose that HS6ST2 may represent a novel biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Xuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Shu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Yin S, Huang J, Li Z, Zhang J, Luo J, Lu C, Xu H, Xu H. The Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170042. [PMID: 28081243 PMCID: PMC5230964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Comprehensive studies have investigated the prognostic and clinicopathological value of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer patients, yet results remain controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify this issue. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify eligible studies. We extracted hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate the effect sizes. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. Results A total of 19 studies involving 2242 patients were included. High generalised TAMs density was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15–1.95). Subgroup analysis revealed that CD68+ TAMs had no significant effect on OS (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.00–1.91). High M1 TAMs density was correlated with better OS (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.32–0.65). By contrast, high density of M2 TAMs was correlated with a poor prognosis for OS (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.25–1.75). Furthermore, high M2 TAMs density was correlated with larger tumor size, diffuse Lauren type, poor histologic differentiation, deeper tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. Conclusions Overall, this meta-analysis reveal that although CD68+ TAMs infiltration has the neutral prognostic effects on OS, the M1/M2 polarization of TAMs are predicative factor of prognosis in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcheng Yin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiazi Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyang Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Yin S, Li Z, Huang J, Miao Z, Zhang J, Lu C, Xu H, Xu H. Prognostic value and clinicopathological significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:319-327. [PMID: 28138255 PMCID: PMC5237593 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in gastric cancer has long been assessed, yet results remain controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value and clinicopathological significance of PCNA in gastric cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the correlations between PCNA expression and clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS A total of 19 studies involving 2,852 participants were included in our analysis. The pooled HR indicated that high PCNA expression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.32-2.08) and DFS (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.40-2.36). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between PCNA and OS was also significant in Asian and European patients. In addition, the pooled ORs showed that high PCNA expression was significantly associated with deeper tumor invasion (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.71-3.27), lymph node metastasis (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.85-3.35), and advanced stage cancer (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.36-2.63). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicates that high PCNA expression might be a prognosticator of poor survival and a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hao Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology
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Prognostic Significance of Preoperative and Postoperative Plasma Levels of Ghrelin in Gastric Cancer: 3-Year Survival Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e209. [PMID: 28055030 PMCID: PMC5288598 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate prognostic effects of plasma levels of ghrelin before and after gastrectomy in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: We followed 81 GC patients up to 3 years in this study. They were candidates for curative gastrectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Plasma levels of total and active ghrelins before and after the operation were assessed. Association of plasma levels of ghrelin with survival were assessed and adjusted for other potential prognostic factors using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Both total and active ghrelins dropped after gastrectomy (P<0.001 for both). Multiple Cox models revealed worse survival for patients with postoperative total ghrelins below median (hazards ratio (HR)=2.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–5.41) or 25th percentile (HR=4.29, 95% CI: 1.48–12.44) compared with patients with higher ghrelin levels. In case of preoperative total ghrelin, patients with either second or third quartiles of plasma ghrelin showed worse survival compared with patients with the lowest quartile (HR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.11–6.38 for second quartile, and HR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.01–5.35 for third quartile vs. the lowest quartile). However, there was no difference between patients with the highest and lowest quartiles (HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.22–2.73). Similar pattern was observed for preoperative active ghrelin (HR=4.92, 95% CI: 1.80–13.54 for second quartile, and HR=2.87, 95% CI: 1.11–7.38 for third quartile vs. the lowest quartile). Advanced TNM stage (HR=4.88, 95% CI: 1.10–21.77), cachexia (HR=2.99, 95% CI: 1.35–6.63), and receiving no neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.04–3.92) were other poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative and postoperative plasma levels of ghrelin could predict survival of GC patients with different patterns. This prognostic effect was independent of stage and cachexia. Measurement of plasma ghrelin in GC patients could complement conventional staging for more precise risk-stratification of the patients. Extrinsic admirations of ghrelin after total gastrectomy has potentials to improve survival of GC patients.
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Liu N, Zhou N, Chai N, Liu X, Jiang H, Wu Q, Li Q. Helicobacter pylori promotes angiogenesis depending on Wnt/beta-catenin-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor via the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:321. [PMID: 27198692 PMCID: PMC4873996 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogenic factor in gastric carcinogenesis. Angiogenesis (i.e., the growth of new blood vessels) is closely associated with the incidence and development of gastric cancer. Our previous study found that COX-2 stimulates gastric cancer cells to induce expression of the angiogenic growth factor VEGF through an unknown mechanism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the role of angiogenesis in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer development. Methods To clarify the relationship between H. pylori infection and angiogenesis, we first investigated H. pylori colonization, COX-2, VEGF, beta-catenin expression, and microvessel density (MVD) in gastric cancer tissues from 106 patients. In addition, COX-2, phospho-beta-catenin, and beta-catenin expression were measured by western blotting, and VEGF expression was measured by ELISA in H. pylori-infected SGC7901 and MKN45 human gastric cancer cells. Results H. pylori colonization occurred in 36.8 % of gastric carcinoma samples. Furthermore, COX-2, beta-catenin, and VEGF expression, and MVD were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive gastric cancer tissues than in H. pylori-negative gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.01). H. pylori infection was not related to sex or age in gastric cancer patients, but correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor–node–metastasis stage (P < 0.05) and correlated with the COX-2 expression and beta-catenin expression(P < 0.01). Further cell experiments confirmed that H. pylori infection upregulated VEGF in vitro. Further analysis revealed that H. pylori-induced VEGF expression was mediated by COX-2 via activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Conclusions The COX-2/Wnt/beta-catenin/VEGF pathway plays an important role in H. pylori-associated gastric cancer development. The COX-2/Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is therefore a novel therapeutic target for H. pylori-associated gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ni Chai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Haili Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Zhu L, Chen M, Huang Y, Zhang J, He S, Li A, Chen R, Zhou J. SOX2 inhibits metastasis in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1221-30. [PMID: 26960758 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential role of SOX2 in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. METHODS The SOX2 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry on a GC tissue microarray. The correlations of SOX2 expression with clinicopathological factors and 5-year survival were evaluated. To test the role of SOX2 in inhibiting GC metastasis, the cell transwell assay was performed. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to explore the possible mechanism that SOX2 inhibits GC metastasis. RESULTS In the present study, SOX2 expression was downregulated in GC tissues when compared to matching normal tissues. Moreover, patients with high SOX2 expression in cancerous tissues had less lymph node metastasis and better treatment outcome. At the subcellular level, SOX2 inhibited the GC cell migration and invasion by upregulating p21 expression. Moreover, SOX2 was determined to associate with the nuclear p21 expression. GC patients with high SOX2 and nuclear p21 expression had synergistically less lymph node metastasis and the better overall survival. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SOX2 is a promising and favorable metastatic biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefei Huang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Cancer Hospital, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Cancer Hospital, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Burlaka AP, Ganusevich II, Gafurov MR, Lukin SM, Sidorik EP. Stomach Cancer: Interconnection between the Redox State, Activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and Stage of Tumor Growth. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2016; 9:27-32. [PMID: 26905073 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-016-0182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species can lead to the destruction of extracellular matrix facilitating tumor progression. ROS can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), damage DNA and RNA. Therefore, the levels of MMP, ROS and RNS can serve as additional prognostic markers and for the estimation of the effectiveness of tumor therapy. Concerning gastric cancer, the prognostic role of MMP, its connection with the cancer staging remains controversial and correlations between the activity of MMP with the ROS and RNS levels are insufficiently confirmed. Superoxide generation rates, nitric oxide (NO) levels, concentrations of active forms of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor and adjacent tissues of patients with stomach cancer at different disease stages were measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) including spin-trapping and polyacrylamide gel zymography. It is shown that the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissue correlate with the superoxide radicals generation rate and NO levels (r = 0.48÷0.67, p < 0.05). The activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissues and superoxide radical generation rates correlate positively with the stage of regional dissemination (r = 0.45 and 0.37, correspondingly, p < 0.05), but MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity inversely depends on distant metastatic degree of stomach cancer (r = 0.58; p < 0.05). Additionally, the feasibility of ESR to locally determine oxidative stress is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly P Burlaka
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Irina I Ganusevich
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marat R Gafurov
- Institute of Physics of Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey M Lukin
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,V.Е. Lashkaryov institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Evgeny P Sidorik
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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20
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Soleyman-Jahi S, Nedjat S, Abdirad A, Hoorshad N, Heidari R, Zendehdel K. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in gastric cancer survival: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122316. [PMID: 25919283 PMCID: PMC4412628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in gastric cancer survival has been widely evaluated. However, the results are controversial. We aimed to set up a meta-analysis to reach a conclusion on the prognostic significance of metalloproteinase-7 in gastric cancer survival as well as its association with clinicopathological parameters. We searched popular databases from 1988 until October 2014 to gather eligible peer-reviewed papers addressing the prognostic effect of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in gastric cancer patients' survival. The CASP check list was used for quality appraisal. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) for survival and odds ratio (OR) for association with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered as summary measurements. Finally, 1208 gastric cancer patients from nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled HR estimate for survival was 2.01 (95% CI = 1.62 – 2.50, P < 0.001), which indicated a significant poor prognostic effect for matrix metalloproteinase-7. Sensitivity analysis detected no dominancy for any study. No publication bias was detected according to Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Clinicopathological assessment revealed that higher matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression is associated with deeper invasion (pooled OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.14 – 8.96; P = 0.026), higher TNM stage (pooled OR = 3.67; 95% CI = 2.281-5.99; P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (pooled OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.89 – 4.25; P<0.001), and distant metastasis (pooled OR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.85 – 7.29; P<0.001), but not with histological grade. This meta-analysis indicated a significant poor prognostic effect of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in gastric cancer survival. Additionally it was associated with aggressive tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Soleyman-Jahi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Centre (KURC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Hoorshad
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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The prognostic significance of p53 expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:735-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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