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Wei WJ, Hong YL, Deng Y, Wang GL, Qiu JT, Pan F. Research progress on the development of hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met signaling pathway in gastric cancer: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3397-3409. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i8.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, play important roles in the occurrence, development, and treatment of gastric cancer (GC). This review explored the function of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway in GC and its potential targeted therapeutic mechanisms. As one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, GC has a complex pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism of GC is very important for the development of new therapeutic methods. The HGF/c-Met signaling pathway plays an important role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells and has become a new therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current research progress on the role of HGF/c-Met in GC and discusses targeted therapeutic strategies targeting this signaling pathway, providing new ideas and directions for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jie Wei
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Ya-Li Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Guan-Liang Wang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing 401520, China
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2
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Wang LM, Zhang WW, Qiu YY, Wang F. Ferroptosis regulating lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2781-2792. [PMID: 38994139 PMCID: PMC11236228 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its occurrence and development involve complex biological processes. Iron death, as a new cell death mode, has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, the regulatory mechanism of iron death in gastric cancer and its effect on lipid peroxidation metabolism remain unclear. AIM To explore the role of iron death in the development of gastric cancer, reveal its relationship with lipid peroxidation, and provide a new theoretical basis for revealing the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. METHODS The process of iron death in gastric cancer cells was simulated by cell culture model, and the occurrence of iron death was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The changes of gene expression related to iron death and lipid peroxidation metabolism were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. In addition, a mouse model of gastric cancer was established, and the role of iron death in vivo was studied by histology and immunohistochemistry, and the level of lipid peroxidation was detected. These methods comprehensively and deeply reveal the regulatory mechanism of iron death on lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. RESULTS Iron death was significantly activated in gastric cancer cells, and at the same time, associated lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly. Through high-throughput sequencing analysis, it was found that iron death regulated the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism. In vivo experiments demonstrated that increased iron death in gastric cancer mice was accompanied by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the important role of iron death in regulating lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The activation of iron death significantly increased lipid peroxidation levels, revealing its regulatory mechanism inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Mei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang 262123, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Feicheng People's Hospital, Tai’an 271600, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Yang Qiu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
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3
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Xiang C, Lv X, Chen K, Guo L, Zhao R, Teng H, Ye M, Kuang T, Hou T, Liu C, Du H, Zhang Z, Han Y. Unraveling the Significance of MET Focal Amplification in Lung Cancer: Integrative NGS, FISH, and IHC Investigation. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100451. [PMID: 38369190 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
MET amplification (METamp) represents a promising therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer, but no consensus has been established to identify METamp-dependent tumors that could potentially benefit from MET inhibitors. In this study, an analysis of MET amplification/overexpression status was performed in a retrospectively recruited cohort comprising 231 patients with non-small cell lung cancer from Shanghai Chest Hospital (SCH cohort) using 3 methods: fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing, and immunohistochemistry for c-MET and phospho-MET. The SCH cohort included 130 cases known to be METamp positive by FISH and 101 negative controls. The clinical relevance of these approaches in predicting the efficacy of MET inhibitors was evaluated. Additionally, next-generation sequencing data from another 2 cohorts including 22,010 lung cancer cases were utilized to examine the biological characteristics of different METamp subtypes. Of the 231 cases, 145 showed MET amplification/overexpression using at least 1 method, whereas only half of them could be identified by all 3 methods. METamp can occur as focal amplification or polysomy. Our study revealed that the inconsistency between next-generation sequencing and FISH primarily occurred in the polysomy subtype. Further investigations indicated that compared with polysomy, focal amplification correlated with fewer co-occurring driver mutations, higher protein expressions of c-MET and phospho-MET, and higher incidence in acquired resistance than in de novo setting. Moreover, patients with focal amplification presented a more robust response to MET inhibitors compared with those with polysomy. Notably, a strong correlation was observed between focal amplification and programmed cell death ligand-1 expression, indicating potential therapeutic implications with combined MET inhibitor and immunotherapy for patients with both alterations. Our findings provide insights into the molecular complexity and clinical relevance of METamp in lung cancer, highlighting the role of MET focal amplification as an oncogenic driver and its feasibility as a primary biomarker to further investigate the clinical activity of MET inhibitors in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinze Lv
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haohua Teng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ting Hou
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Haiwei Du
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Mesquita FP, Lima LB, da Silva EL, Souza PFN, de Moraes MEA, Burbano RMR, Montenegro RC. A Review on Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Rearrangements and Mutations: Implications for Gastric Carcinogenesis and Target Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:539-552. [PMID: 38424421 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037291318240130103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a complex disease with diverse genetic modifications, including Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene changes. The ALK gene is located on chromosome 2p23 and encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and cellular differentiation. ALK alterations can result from gene fusion, mutation, amplification, or overexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Fusion occurs when the ALK gene fuses with another gene, resulting in a chimeric protein with constitutive kinase activity and promoting oncogenesis. ALK mutations are less common but can also result in the activation of ALK signaling pathways. Targeted therapies for ALK variations in gastric adenocarcinoma have been developed, including ALK inhibitors that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies. Future studies are needed to elucidate the ALK role in gastric cancer and to identify predictive biomarkers to improve patient selection for targeted therapy. Overall, ALK alterations are a relevant biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma treatment and targeted therapies for ALK may improve patients' overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pantoja Mesquita
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Luina Benevides Lima
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
| | | | - Rommel Mario Rodrigues Burbano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-275, Brazil
- Latinoamericana de Implementación y Validación de guias clinicas Farmacogenomicas (RELIVAF), Brazil
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Zhang Z, Yu Y, Xie T, Qi C, Zhang X, Shen L, Peng Z. Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis: A peculiar presentation clustering in MET-amplified gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19583-19594. [PMID: 37772487 PMCID: PMC10587944 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological features of MET-amplified gastric cancer (GC) and real-world data on the efficacy of MET-targeted therapies remain unknown. Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis (PLC) is a peculiar manifestation of GC, whose management has not been thoroughly described. METHODS This study analyzed patients diagnosed with MET-amplified GC or GC with PLC at any time point of the disease course from 2011 to 2021 in two centers. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of MET-amplified GC were analyzed. The clinical and molecular implications of GC with PLC were discussed. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients with MET-amplified GC and 20 patients with GC accompanied by PLC were finally enrolled for analysis (including 13 overlapped patients). GC with PLC was more common in female patients (p = 0.010), diagnosed at a younger age (p = 0.002), presented with a higher baseline ECOG PS (p = 0.016), and was more likely to develop lung metastasis (p < 0.001), and serous effusion (p = 0.026) than GC without PLC. Patients with primary MET-amplified GC had a worse prognosis than those with secondary MET-amplified GC (p = 0.005). The application of anti-MET therapy was associated with numerically prolonged survival, but the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). MET amplification was concentrated in patients with PLC, in which anti-MET therapies elicited a high response rate. CONCLUSIONS MET-targeted therapies are efficacious in real-world populations with MET-amplified GC. Patients with PLC have distinct clinical and molecular features and might benefit from MET-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhening Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Fudan Zhongshan Cancer CenterZhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Changsong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Zhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
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Fernandes M, Paget S, Kherrouche Z, Truong MJ, Vinchent A, Meneboo JP, Sebda S, Werkmeister E, Descarpentries C, Figeac M, Cortot AB, Tulasne D. Transforming properties of MET receptor exon 14 skipping can be recapitulated by loss of the CBL ubiquitin ligase binding site. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2301-2315. [PMID: 37468447 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated in many cancers through various mechanisms. MET exon 14 (Ex14) skipping occurs in 3% of nonsmall cell lung tumors. However, the contribution of the regulatory sites lost upon this skipping, which include a phosphorylated serine (S985) and a binding site for the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL (Y1003), remains elusive. Sequencing of 2808 lung tumors revealed 71 mutations leading to MET exon 14 skipping and three mutations affecting Y1003 or S985. In addition, MET exon 14 skipping and MET Y1003F induced similar transcriptional programs, increased the activation of downstream signaling pathways, and increased cell mobility. Therefore, the MET Y1003F mutation is able to fully recapitulate responses induced by MET exon 14 skipping, suggesting that loss of the CBL binding site is the main contributor of cell transformation induced by MET Ex14 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fernandes
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Sonia Paget
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Zoulika Kherrouche
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Marie-José Truong
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Audrey Vinchent
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Meneboo
- Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41 - UMS2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, France
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | | | - Martin Figeac
- Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Alexis B Cortot
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
- Thoracic Oncology Department, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
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7
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Wang C, Li J, Qu L, Tang X, Song X, Yang F, Chen X, Lin Q, Lin W, Zhou Y, Tu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Lu X. Discovery of D6808, a Highly Selective and Potent Macrocyclic c-Met Inhibitor for Gastric Cancer Harboring MET Gene Alteration Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15140-15164. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Li
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xia Tang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojuan Song
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fang Yang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qianmeng Lin
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weibin Lin
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - ZhengChao Tu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Mesquita FP, Souza PFN, da Silva EL, Lima LB, de Oliveira LLB, Moreira-Nunes CA, Zuercher WJ, Burbano RMR, de Moraes MEA, Montenegro RC. Kinase Inhibitor Screening Displayed ALK as a Possible Therapeutic Biomarker for Gastric Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091841. [PMID: 36145589 PMCID: PMC9501214 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer chemotherapy, gastric cancer (GC) continues to have high recurrence rates and poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Understanding the etiology of GC and developing more effective, less harmful therapeutic approaches are vital and urgent. Therefore, this work describes a novel kinase target in malignant gastric cells as a potential therapeutic strategy. Our results demonstrate that among 147 kinase inhibitors (KI), only three molecules were significantly cytotoxic for the AGP-01 cell line. Hence, these three molecules were further characterized in their cellular mode of action. There was significant cell cycle impairment due to the expression modulation of genes such as TP53, CDKN1A, CDC25A, MYC, and CDK2 with subsequent induction of apoptosis. In fact, the Gene Ontology analysis revealed a significant enrichment of pathways related to cell cycle regulation (GO:1902749 and GO:1903047). Moreover, the three selected KIs significantly reduced cell migration and Vimentin mRNA expression after treatment. Surprisingly, the three KIs share the same target, ALK and INSR, but only the ALK gene was found to have a high expression level in the gastric cancer cell line. Additionally, lower survival rates were observed for patients with high ALK expression in TCGA-STAD analysis. In summary, we hypothesize that ALK gene overexpression can be a promising biomarker for prognosis and therapeutic management of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pantoja Mesquita
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Emerson Lucena da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Luina Benevides Lima
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Lais Lacerda Brasil de Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.A.M.-N.); (R.C.M.)
| | - William J. Zuercher
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.A.M.-N.); (R.C.M.)
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9
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Harrold E, Corrigan L, Barry S, Lowery M. Targeting MET amplification in Gastro-oesophageal (GO) malignancies and overcoming MET inhibitor resistance: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:601-624. [PMID: 35757852 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2093185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MET, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor is amplified in 8% of gastroesophageal (GO) malignancies and associated with poor prognosis. Therapeutic targeting of MET amplification and MET mutations has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with GO cancers (GOC). AREAS COVERED The efficacy of MET inhibition (METi) in preclinical studies has yet to translate into meaningful improvements in the treatment paradigm for unselected GOC. MET amplification has been proposed as a superior modality for patient selection; however even if confirmed, frequency and duration of response to METi are limited by rapid activation of primary and secondary resistance pathways. These observations illustrate the challenges inherent in the application of precision oncology predicated on the theory of oncogenic addiction. EXPERT OPINION A standardized definition of MET positivity is critical to enhance patient selection. Early successes targeting the METex14 skipping mutation demonstrate the potent therapeutic effects of METi in a clearly molecularly defined cohort. There is robust preclinical rationale and early-phase data supporting exploitation of immune system interaction with MET. Pragmatic investigation of rational therapeutic combinations based on molecular profiling of both primary and metastatic disease sites with sequential circulating tumor DNA analysis can inform successful clinical development of METi agents in GOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harrold
- Medical Oncology Department, Mater Private Hospital Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.,Trinity St James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Lynda Corrigan
- Trinity St James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.,Medical Oncology Department, Tallaght/AMNCH Hospital Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Simon Barry
- Medical Oncology Department, St James University Hospital Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | - Maeve Lowery
- Trinity St James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Leinster, Ireland.,Medical Oncology Department, St James University Hospital Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
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10
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Liu M. Combination treatment with trastuzumab and crizotinib in metastatic gastric cancer harboring Her-2 amplification and c-MET amplification: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27017. [PMID: 34516491 PMCID: PMC8428754 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Metastatic gastric cancer patients with poor eastern cooperative oncology group performance status (PS) (≥3) were lack of effective anti-tumor strategies. They always lived with poor PS, severe and multiple symptoms, and usually resulted in extremely limited survival time. Herein, we reported a patient diagnosed with gastric cancer metastasized to multiple bones, along with lymphangitis carcinomatosa in lungs, harboring Her-2 and c-MET amplification with poor PS, positively responded to combinational therapy with trastuzumab and crizotinib. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient complained of persistent cough and fatigue for 2 months, otherwise, she denied smoking, alcohol history, or any other medical or family history. DIAGNOSIS With the biopsy results from gastroscopy, as well as computer tomography for chest and abdomen, the patient was diagnosed as gastric adenocarcinoma, with metastasis on lungs, left adrenal gland, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and multiple bones. INTERVENTIONS Because of the poor PS (PS = 3), as well as Her-2 and c-MET amplification, the patient received combination treatment with trastuzumab and crizotinib as salvage strategy. OUTCOMES After 2 months' exposure of trastuzumab and crizotinib, symptoms including persistent cough, and chest distress were alleviated significantly. Simultaneously, chest computer tomography showed significant dissipation of lymphangitis carcinomatosa, as well as apparent reduction of pleural effusion. No adverse reactions including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or hypertension was observed during the following 2 months. LESSONS The present case suggested that combinational therapy with trastuzumab and crizotinib might be effective in metastatic gastric cancer patients harboring Her-2 and c-MET amplification, even with a poor PS. It was also implied that gene sequencing might be valuable, especially in patients with limited treatment strategies.
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11
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Yang YM, Hong P, Xu WW, He QY, Li B. Advances in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:229. [PMID: 33028804 PMCID: PMC7542465 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal cancers in the world, and its morbidity and mortality rates rank among the top ten in China. Currently, surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the primary clinical treatments for esophageal cancer. However, outcomes are still unsatisfactory due to the limited efficacy and severe adverse effects of conventional treatments. As a new type of approach, targeted therapies have been confirmed to play an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer; these include cetuximab and bevacizumab, which target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. In addition, other drugs targeting surface antigens and signaling pathways or acting on immune checkpoints have been continuously developed. For example, trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a first-line treatment of HER-2-positive cancer. Moreover, the PD-L1 inhibitor pembrolizumab has been approved as a highly efficient drug for patients with PD-L1-positive or advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). These novel drugs can be used alone or in combination with other treatment strategies to further improve the treatment efficacy and prognosis of cancer patients. Nevertheless, adverse events, optimal dosages and effective combinations still need further investigation. In this review, we expound an outline of the latest advances in targeted therapies of esophageal cancer and the mechanisms of relevant drugs, discuss their efficacy and safety, and provide a clinical rationale for precision medicine in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Hong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Characteristics and response to crizotinib in lung cancer patients with MET amplification detected by next-generation sequencing. Lung Cancer 2020; 149:17-22. [PMID: 32949827 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) amplification is a rare gene alteration in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of MET amplification in lung cancer and the response to crizotinib by subsets of patients with MET amplification detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected NGS sequencing data for patients with MET amplification in our institution from January 2018 to April 2019. The efficacy of crizotinib in MET amplification was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 2694 patients received NGS tests, 3.27 % (82/2507) of patients had primary MET amplification, and acquired MET amplification accounted for 16.04 % (30/187) of re-biopsy patients. Only 19 patients received monotherapy with crizotinib. In survival analysis, ten patients with copy number greater than 4 (CN > 4) had longer median PFS (mPFS) (4.76 months; 95 %CI: 1.67-7.85 months) compared with other nine patients (CN ≤ 4) (2.10 months; 95 %CI: 1.53-2.68 months; P = 0.063), but failed to get a statistical significance. No significant differences were observed between median PFS (mPFS) of the patients with primary and acquired MET amplification (4.04 months vs 2.76 months; P = 0.310). CONCLUSIONS Primary and acquired MET amplification were detected in 3.27 % and 16.04 % of lung cancer patients, respectively. Patients with CN > 4 seemed to have longer PFS after crizotinib treatment. No significant differences in PFS were observed between patients with primary and acquired MET amplification.
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13
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Balmaña M, Diniz F, Feijão T, Barrias CC, Mereiter S, Reis CA. Analysis of the Effect of Increased α2,3-Sialylation on RTK Activation in MKN45 Gastric Cancer Spheroids Treated with Crizotinib. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030722. [PMID: 31979110 PMCID: PMC7037121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the scenario of personalized medicine, targeted therapies are currently the focus of cancer drug development. These drugs can block the growth and spread of tumor cells by interfering with key molecules involved in malignancy, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). MET and Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON), which are RTKs frequently overactivated in gastric cancer, are glycoprotein receptors whose activation have been shown to be modulated by the cellular glycosylation. In this work, we address the role of sialylation in gastric cancer therapy using an innovative 3D high-throughput cell culture methodology that mimics better the in vivo tumor features. We evaluate the response to targeted treatment of glycoengineered gastric cancer cell models overexpressing the sialyltransferases ST3GAL4 or ST3GAL6 by subjecting 3D spheroids to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib. We show here that 3D spheroids of ST3GAL4 or ST3GAL6 overexpressing MKN45 gastric cancer cells are less affected by the inhibitor. In addition, we disclose a potential compensatory pathway via activation of the Insulin Receptor upon crizotinib treatment. Our results suggest that cell sialylation, in addition of being involved in tumor progression, could play a critical role in the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Balmaña
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Diniz
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar—ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tália Feijão
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar—ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan Mereiter
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar—ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-040-88-00 (ext. 6068)
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14
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Fernandes M, Duplaquet L, Tulasne D. Proteolytic cleavages of MET: the divide-and-conquer strategy of a receptor tyrosine kinase. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30670153 PMCID: PMC6507848 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.4.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-anchored full-length MET stimulated by its ligand HGF/SF induces various biological responses, including survival, growth, and invasion. This panel of responses, referred to invasive growth, is required for embryogenesis and tissue regeneration in adults. On the contrary, MET deregulation is associated with tumorigenesis in many kinds of cancer. In addition to its well-documented ligand-stimulated downstream signaling, the receptor can be cleaved by proteases such as secretases, caspases, and calpains. These cleavages are involved either in MET receptor inactivation or, more interestingly, in generating active fragments that can modify cell fate. For instance, MET fragments can promote cell death or invasion. Given a large number of proteases capable of cleaving MET, this receptor appears as a prototype of proteolytic-cleavage-regulated receptor tyrosine kinase. In this review, we describe and discuss the mechanisms and consequences, both physiological and pathological, of MET proteolytic cleavages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fernandes
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Leslie Duplaquet
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
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15
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Shen B, Wu F, Ye J, Liang R, Wang R, Yu R, Wu X, Shao YW, Feng J. Crizotinib-resistant MET mutations in gastric cancer patients are sensitive to type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2585-2593. [PMID: 31339066 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Crizotinib has been used to counter MET amplification in different human malignancies. However, transient responses were observed in some patients with rapid acquisition of resistant mutations in MET. Materials & methods: MET mutations stably expressed Ba/F3 cell lines were used for IC50 detection. Signaling pathway analysis was done using 293T cell line. Results: Four MET mutations conferred resistance to crizotinib with sustained activation of downstream signaling pathways of MET. On the other hand, the four MET mutations displayed different response to type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors with variable deterioration of the downstream signals. Conclusion: This study suggested that patients carrying MET V1092L, D1228G or Y1230H mutations could benefit from type II tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, but not patients with G1163R or D1228Y/N mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment Engineering & Technology Research Center, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Research & Development, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruoying Yu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Yang W Shao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
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16
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Tessier-Cloutier B, Cai E, Schaeffer DF. Off-label use of common predictive biomarkers in gastrointestinal malignancies: a critical appraisal. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:62. [PMID: 31221175 PMCID: PMC6587260 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a companion diagnostic is an increasingly important part of the case workup by pathologists and is often central to clinical decision making. New predictive molecular markers are constantly sought for to improve treatment stratification parallel to drug development. Unfortunately, official biomarker guidelines lag behind, and pathologists are often left hesitating when medical oncologists request off-labelled biomarker testing. We performed a literature review of five commonly requested off-label IHC predictive biomarkers in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) malignancies: HER2, mismatch repair (MMR), PD-L1, BRAF V600E and ROS1. We found that HER2 amplification is rare and poorly associated to IHC overexpression in extracolonic and extragastric GIT cancers; however in KRAS wild type colorectal cancers, which fail conventional treatment, HER2 IHC may be useful and should be considered. For MMR testing, more evidence is needed to recommend reflex testing in GIT cancers for treatment purposes. MMR testing should not be discouraged in patients considered for second line checkpoint inhibitor therapy. With the exception of gastric tumors, PD-L1 IHC is a weak predictor of checkpoint inhibitor response in the GIT and should be replaced by MMR in this context. BRAF inhibitors showed activity in BRAF V600E mutated cholangiocarcinomas and pancreatic carcinomas in non-first line settings. ROS1 translocation is extremely rare and poorly correlated to ROS1 IHC expression in the GIT; currently there is no role for ROS1 IHC testing in GIT cancers. Overall, the predictive biomarker literature has grown exponentially, and official guidelines need to be updated more regularly to support pathologists’ testing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ellen Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, 910 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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17
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Wang Y, Jiang Z, Xu C, Wang H, Tan L, Su J, Wang X, Jiang D, Hou Y, Song Q. Increased MET gene copy number negatively affects the survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:240. [PMID: 30885149 PMCID: PMC6421677 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Since Mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) amplification has been regarded as a potential treatment target, the knowledge of its prevalence and prognostic importance is crucial. However, its clinical pathologic characteristics are not well known in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS We investigated MET gene status with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in 495 ESCC cases using tissue microarrays. Prognostic significance as well as correlations with various clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. RESULTS Among 495 patients, 28 (5.7%) cases were MET FISH positive, including 5 cases (1%) with true gene amplification. There were no statistically significant associations between MET FISH-positivity and clinicopathologic characteristics. A significantly poorer prognosis was observed in 28 patients with MET FISH-positivity (disease free survival/DFS, P < 0.001 and overall survival/OS, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed MET FISH-positivity was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio/HR, 1.953; 95% confidence interval/CI, 1.271-2.999; P = 0.002) and OS (HR, 1.926; 95% CI, 1.243-2.983; P = 0.003). MET FISH-positivity was associated with DFS (P = 0.022 and 0.020) and OS (P = 0.046 and 0.024) both in stage I-II ESCC and in stage III-IVa ESCC. No statistical significance (DFS, P = 0.492 and OS, P = 0.344) was detected between stage I-II ESCC with MET FISH-positivity and stage III-IVa ESCC with FISH-negativity. CONCLUSIONS Increased MET gene copy number is an independent prognostic factor in ESCC, and ESCC might have potentially been up-staged by increased MET gene copy number. The results indicate that increased MET gene copy number is a very promising parameter, in clinical therapy and follow-up plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzeng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieakesu Su
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Singer F, Irmisch A, Toussaint NC, Grob L, Singer J, Thurnherr T, Beerenwinkel N, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Quagliata L, Rothschild SI, Wicki A, Beisel C, Stekhoven DJ. SwissMTB: establishing comprehensive molecular cancer diagnostics in Swiss clinics. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2018; 18:89. [PMID: 30373609 PMCID: PMC6206832 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular precision oncology is an emerging practice to improve cancer therapy by decreasing the risk of choosing treatments that lack efficacy or cause adverse events. However, the challenges of integrating molecular profiling into routine clinical care are manifold. From a computational perspective these include the importance of a short analysis turnaround time, the interpretation of complex drug-gene and gene-gene interactions, and the necessity of standardized high-quality workflows. In addition, difficulties faced when integrating molecular diagnostics into clinical practice are ethical concerns, legal requirements, and limited availability of treatment options beyond standard of care as well as the overall lack of awareness of their existence. Methods To the best of our knowledge, we are the first group in Switzerland that established a workflow for personalized diagnostics based on comprehensive high-throughput sequencing of tumors at the clinic. Our workflow, named SwissMTB (Swiss Molecular Tumor Board), links genetic tumor alterations and gene expression to therapeutic options and clinical trial opportunities. The resulting treatment recommendations are summarized in a clinical report and discussed in a molecular tumor board at the clinic to support therapy decisions. Results Here we present results from an observational pilot study including 22 late-stage cancer patients. In this study we were able to identify actionable variants and corresponding therapies for 19 patients. Half of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. In two patients we identified resistance-associated variants explaining lack of therapy response. For five out of eleven patients analyzed before treatment the SwissMTB diagnostic influenced treatment decision. Conclusions SwissMTB enables the analysis and clinical interpretation of large numbers of potentially actionable molecular targets. Thus, our workflow paves the way towards a more frequent use of comprehensive molecular diagnostics in Swiss hospitals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12911-018-0680-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Singer
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Irmisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora C Toussaint
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linda Grob
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Singer
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Thurnherr
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sacha I Rothschild
- Division of Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Division of Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Stekhoven
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Optimization of Routine Testing for MET Exon 14 Splice Site Mutations in NSCLC Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1873-1883. [PMID: 30195702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic alterations affecting splice sites of MNNG HOS transforming gene (MET) exon 14 were recently identified in NSCLC patients. Objective responses to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been reported in these patients. Thus, detection of MET exon 14 splice site mutations represents a major challenge. So far, most of these alterations were found by full-exome sequencing or large capture-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels, which are not suitable for routine diagnosis. METHODS Aiming to provide a molecular testing method applicable in routine practice, we first developed a fragment-length analysis for detecting deletions in introns flanking MET exon 14. Second, we designed an optimized targeted NGS panel called CLAPv1, covering the MET exon 14 and flanking regions in addition to the main molecular targets usually covered in genomic testing. In patients with MET exon 14 mutations, MET gene amplification, gene copy number and MET receptor expression were also determined. RESULTS Among 1514 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded NSCLC samples, nonoptimized NGS allowed detection of MET exon 14 mutations in only 0.3% of the patients, and fragment length analysis detected deletions in 1.1% of the patients. Combined, the optimized CLAPv1 panel and fragment-length analysis implemented for routine molecular testing revealed MET exon 14 alterations in 2.2% of 365 additional NSCLC patients. MET gene amplification or high gene copy number was observed in 6 of 30 patients (20%) harboring MET exon 14 mutations. CONCLUSIONS These results show that optimized targeted NGS and fragment-length analysis improve detection of MET alterations in routine practice.
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20
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Baldacci S, Kherrouche Z, Descarpentries C, Wislez M, Dansin E, Furlan A, Tulasne D, Cortot AB. [MET exon 14 splicing sites mutations: A new therapeutic opportunity in lung cancer]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:796-812. [PMID: 30174236 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mutations leading to MET exon 14 skipping represent a new class of molecular alterations described in various cancers. These alterations are observed in 2 to 3 % of cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several cases of NSCLC carrying such alterations and achieving objective response to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitorshave recently been published. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for MET exon 14 skipping as well as the consequences of the loss of this exon on receptor activity. We also describe the clinical characteristics of patients with METΔ14 mutations. Finally, we address the issues related to the detection of these mutations in lung cancer, and the need to anticipate resistance to MET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baldacci
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, OncoLille, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Z Kherrouche
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Descarpentries
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, plateforme de biologie moléculaire des cancers, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Wislez
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 75020 Paris , France
| | - E Dansin
- Département de cancérologie cervico-faciale & thoracique, CLCC Oscar Lambret, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Furlan
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Équipe de biophotonique cellulaire fonctionnelle, université Lille, CNRS UMR 8523 PhLAM, 59000 Lille, France
| | - D Tulasne
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A B Cortot
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, OncoLille, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
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21
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Ma S, Fan L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yu K, Wang L, Fang N, Liu F, Guo S, Wang Z. MET-overexpressing myxofibrosarcoma frequently exhibit polysomy of chromosome 7 but not MET amplification, especially in high-grade cases: clinical and pathological review of 30 myxofibrosarcoma cases. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:56. [PMID: 30126419 PMCID: PMC6102798 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas. Previous studies have shown that MET protein overexpressed in MFS patients and can serve as a prognostic factor. The reasons for MET protein overexpression include amplification of the MET gene, which is located on chromosome 7q. Triggered by an index case harboring chromosome 7 polysomy rather than MET gene amplification in myxofibrosarcoma, we investigated chromosome 7 polysomy in more cases. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed in 30 MFS cases (including 2 epithelioid variant) to detect the expression of MET protein and gene status. RESULTS MET was overexpressed in 14 cases out of 30, while thirteen cases were in higher FNCLCC grades (Grade 2-3). FISH showed that 11 cases having 3 signals on average of Met and more than 3 signals (Mean: 4.6) of centromere 7q (CEP7q). The MET/CEP7 ratio was about 0.65 on average, suggesting that chromosome 7 polysomy, rather than Met gene amplification, leading to the overexpression of MET protein in MFS. MET overexpression and chromosome 7 polysomy are positively correlated with higher Ki-67 index and higher grade and might have a high risk of local recurrence and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS It might reveals another explain of MET overexpression in myxofibrosarcoma, providing a clue for the therapy of MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Road #169, Xi'an, Changle, 710032, China
| | - Linni Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Road #169, Xi'an, Changle, 710032, China
| | - Yixiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Road #169, Xi'an, Changle, 710032, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Road #169, Xi'an, Changle, 710032, China
| | - Kangjie Yu
- Student Team 1, Class 3, Fourth Military Medical University, West Road #169, Xi'an, Changle, 710032, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road #1665, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Provincial Cancer hospital, Zhuodaoquan South Road #116, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Foshan hospital, Sun Yet-sen University, Lingnan North Road#81, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Shuangping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Road #169, Xi'an, Changle, 710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, West Road #169, Xi'an, Changle, 710032, China.
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22
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Teng F, Xu Z, Chen J, Zheng G, Zheng G, Lv H, Wang Y, Wang L, Cheng X. DUSP1 induces apatinib resistance by activating the MAPK pathway in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1203-1222. [PMID: 29956792 PMCID: PMC6072387 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1) is an oncogene that is associated with cancer progression following drug resistance. In order to investigate the potential relationship between DUSP1 and apatinib resistance in gastric cancer cells, we preformed many assays to study this problem. DUSP1 gene was detected by RT-qPCR assay, proteins in MAPK pathway were quantified by western blot assay, and CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and Hoechest 33342 stain were performed to detect the resistance of cells, cell cycles and apoptosis, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to discover the expression of DUSP1 protein in patients' tumor or paratumor tissues. It was found that apatinib (Apa)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells showed increased expression of DUSP1, whereas the knockdown of DUSP1 in resistant cells resensitized these cells to Apa. The restored sensitivity to Apa was the result of inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the induction of apoptosis. The in vitro use of Apa in combination with a DUSP1 inhibitor, triptolide, exerted significant effects on inhibiting the expression of DUSP1, growth inhibition, and apoptosis via the inactivation of MAPK signaling. In patients who did not undergo chemotherapy or targeted therapy, the expression of DUSP1 in adjacent tissues was higher when compared with that observed in tumor tissues. In addition, the expression of DUSP1 was higher in the early stages of GC than in the advanced stages. The expression of DUSP1 in tumor tissues was not associated with the survival rate of the patients. Therefore, increased expression of DUSP1 may be responsible for Apa resistance, and DUSP1 may serve as a biomarker for Apa efficacy. In conclusion, inducing the downregulation of DUSP1 may be a promising strategy to overcome Apa resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zheng
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Guodian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhejiang Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Wei B, Wang J, Zhang X, Qian Z, Wu J, Sun Y, Han Q, Wan L, Zhu J, Gao Y, Chen X. Combination of histoculture drug response assay and qPCR as an effective method to screen biomarkers for personalized chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6915-6922. [PMID: 29163710 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized chemotherapy with the use of biomarkers helps to maximize clinical efficiency. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify a potential method for identifying biomarkers in esophageal cancer. A total of 49 freshly resected tumor tissues and 72 paraffin-embedded specimens from patients with esophageal cancer were obtained. mRNA expression levels of ERCC1, BRCA1, TUBB3, FBW7, RRM1, MDM2, TS and TOP1 were measured quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In vitro chemosensitivity to cisplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, etoposide, fluorouracil and irinotecan were tested using histoculture drug response assay (HDRA). BRCA1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with resistance to cisplatin (P=0.027) and sensitivity to docetaxel (P=0.002). TS mRNA levels were inversely correlated with fluorouracil sensitivity (P=0.044), and TOP1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with irinotecan sensitivity (P=0.008). In addition, high BRCA1 mRNA levels correlated with decreased median overall survival (mOS; P<0.001) and response rate (RR; P=0.002) in cisplatin-fluorouracil chemotherapy group and also correlated with increased mOS (P<0.001) and RR (P=0.023) in docetaxel-fluorouracil chemotherapy group. Overall, these results suggested that HDRA combined with RT-qPCR may serve as an effective method for screening biomarkers in personalized chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jiru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoye Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Hematology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Qin Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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Moran-Jones K. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the HGF/cMET Axis in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 20:199-212. [PMID: 27139908 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Survival rates for ovarian cancer have remained relatively stable for the past 2 decades despite advances in surgical techniques and cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, indicating a requirement for better therapies. One pathway currently proposed for targeting is the HGF/cMET pathway. Upregulated in a number of tumour types, cMET is a tyrosine kinase receptor expressed on epithelial cells. In ovarian cancer, it has been identified as highly expressed in the four major subtypes, with expression estimates ranging from 11 to 68 % of cases. HGF, the only known ligand for cMET, is found at high levels in both serum and ascites in women with ovarian cancer, and is proposed to induce both migration and metastasis. However, clinically validated biomarkers are not yet available for either HGF or cMET, preventing a clear understanding of the true rate of overexpression, or its correlation with prognosis. Despite this, a number of agents against HGF and cMET are currently being investigated in clinical trials for multiple tumour types, including ovarian. However, a lack of patient selection, biomarker usage, and post hoc analysis correlating response with expression has resulted in the majority of these trials showing little beneficial effect from these agents, indicating that additional research is required to determine their usefulness in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Moran-Jones
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK. .,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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25
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Kawakami H, Okamoto I. MET-targeted therapy for gastric cancer: the importance of a biomarker-based strategy. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:687-95. [PMID: 26690587 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The MET protooncogene encodes the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET (MET). Aberrant activation of MET signaling occurs in a subset of advanced malignancies, including gastric cancer, and promotes tumor cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion as well as tumor angiogenesis, suggesting its potential importance as a therapeutic target. MET can be activated by two distinct pathways that are dependent on or independent of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), with the latter pathway having been attributed mostly to MET amplification in gastric cancer. Preclinical evidence has suggested that interruption of the HGF-MET axis either with antibodies to HGF or with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has antitumor effects in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of MET occurs frequently in gastric cancer and has been proposed as a potential predictive biomarker for anti-MET therapy. However, several factors can trigger such MET upregulation in a manner independent of HGF, suggesting that gastric tumors with MET overexpression are not necessarily MET driven. On the other hand, gastric cancer cells with MET amplification are dependent on MET signaling for their survival and are thus vulnerable to MET TKI treatment. Given the low prevalence of MET amplification in gastric cancer (approximately 8 %), testing for this genetic change would substantially narrow the target population but it might constitute a better biomarker than MET overexpression for MET TKI therapy. We compare aberrant MET signaling dependent on the HGF-MET axis or on MET amplification as well as address clinical issues and challenges associated with the identification of appropriate biomarkers for MET-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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